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Clinical Neurophysiology : Official... Jul 2024Verbal retrieval (VR) deficits often occur after traumatic brain injury (TBI), but the mechanisms remain unclear. We examined how event-related potentials (ERPs) during...
OBJECTIVE
Verbal retrieval (VR) deficits often occur after traumatic brain injury (TBI), but the mechanisms remain unclear. We examined how event-related potentials (ERPs) during a Go-NoGo task were associated with VR deficits.
METHODS
Sixty veterans with a history of TBI underwent a neuropsychological battery and a Go-NoGo task with concurrent EEG recording. We compared task performance and ERP measures (N2, P3) between those with and those without persistent injury-related VR deficits. We then used generalized linear modeling to examine the relationship between ERP measures and scores on measures of executive function and processing speed.
RESULTS
Go-NoGo task performance was comparable between the groups. Those with VR deficits had larger N2 amplitude in NoGo than in Go conditions. In participants with VR deficits, larger NoGo N2/P3 amplitude predicted faster processing speed. Furthermore, larger P3 amplitude and shorter P3 latency of the difference wave (NoGo - Go) predicted faster processing speed in those with VR deficits.
CONCLUSIONS
Despite no difference in Go-NoGo task performance, ERP amplitude and latency measures associated with cognitive control during Go-NoGo distinguished TBI individuals with VR deficits from those without.
SIGNIFICANCE
This study furthers our understanding of VR deficits in TBI and implicates potential application of ERP measures in monitoring and treating such deficits.
Topics: Humans; Male; Brain Injuries, Traumatic; Female; Adult; Evoked Potentials; Middle Aged; Electroencephalography; Neuropsychological Tests; Mental Recall; Executive Function; Reaction Time
PubMed: 38663098
DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2024.04.002 -
The Journals of Gerontology. Series B,... Jul 2024Age deficits in memory are widespread, this affects individuals at a personal level, and investigating memory has been a key focus in cognitive aging research. Age...
OBJECTIVES
Age deficits in memory are widespread, this affects individuals at a personal level, and investigating memory has been a key focus in cognitive aging research. Age deficits occur in memory for an episode, where information from the environment is integrated through the senses into an episodic event via associative memory. Associating items in memory has been shown to be particularly difficult for older adults but can often be alleviated by providing support from the external environment. The current investigation explored the potential for increased sensory input (multimodal stimuli) to alleviate age deficits in associative memory. Here, we present compelling evidence, supported by Bayesian analysis, for a null age-by-modality interaction.
METHODS
Across three preregistered studies, young and older adults (n = 860) completed associative memory tasks either in single modalities or in multimodal formats. Study 1 used either visual text (unimodal) or video introductions (multimodal) to test memory for name-face associations. Studies 2 and 3 tested memory for paired associates. Study 2 used unimodal visual presentation or cross-modal visual-auditory word pairs in a cued recall paradigm. Study 3 presented word pairs as visual only, auditory only, or audiovisual and tested memory separately for items (individual words) or associations (word pairings).
RESULTS
Typical age deficits in associative memory emerged, but these were not alleviated by multimodal presentation.
DISCUSSION
The lack of multimodal support for associative memory indicates that perceptual manipulations are less effective than other forms of environmental support at alleviating age deficits in associative memory.
Topics: Humans; Aged; Female; Male; Adult; Association Learning; Bayes Theorem; Young Adult; Mental Recall; Middle Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cues; Aging; Visual Perception; Auditory Perception; Memory Disorders; Adolescent
PubMed: 38661446
DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbae063 -
Scientific Reports Apr 2024Selective retrieval of context-relevant memories is critical for animal survival. A behavioral index that captures its dynamic nature in real time is necessary to...
Selective retrieval of context-relevant memories is critical for animal survival. A behavioral index that captures its dynamic nature in real time is necessary to investigate this retrieval process. Here, we found a bias in eye gaze towards the locations previously associated with individual objects during retrieval. Participants learned two locations associated with each visual object and recalled one of them indicated by a contextual cue in the following days. Before the contextual cue presentation, participants often gazed at both locations associated with the given object on the background screen (look-at-both), and the frequency of look-at-both gaze pattern increased as learning progressed. Following the cue presentation, their gaze shifted toward the context-appropriate location. Interestingly, participants showed a higher accuracy of memory retrieval in trials where they gazed at both object-associated locations, implying functional advantage of the look-at-both gaze patterns. Our findings indicate that naturalistic eye movements reflect the dynamic process of memory retrieval and selection, highlighting the potential of eye gaze as an indicator for studying these cognitive processes.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Mental Recall; Young Adult; Fixation, Ocular; Adult; Eye Movements; Cues; Memory; Learning
PubMed: 38658592
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59815-9 -
BMC Public Health Apr 2024Many adolescents experience depression that often goes undetected and untreated. Identifying children and adolescents at a high risk of depression in a timely manner is...
BACKGROUND
Many adolescents experience depression that often goes undetected and untreated. Identifying children and adolescents at a high risk of depression in a timely manner is an urgent concern. While the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) is widely utilized in China, it lacks a localized revision or simplified version. With its 27 items requiring professional administration, the original CDI proves to be a time-consuming method for predicting children and adolescents with high depression risk. Hence, this study aimed to develop a shortened version of the CDI to predict high depression risk, thereby enhancing the efficiency of prediction and intervention.
METHODS
Initially, backward elimination is conducted to identify various version of the short-form scales (e.g., three-item and five-item versions). Subsequently, the performance of five machine learning (ML) algorithms on these versions is evaluated using the area under the ROC curve (AUC) to determine the best algorithm. The chosen algorithm is then utilized to model the short-form scales, facilitating the identification of the optimal short-form scale based on predefined evaluation metrics. Following this, evaluation metrics are computed for all potential decision thresholds of the optimal short-form scale, and the threshold value is determined. Finally, the reliability and validity of the optimal short-form scale are assessed using a new sample.
RESULTS
The study identified a five-item short-form CDI with a decision threshold of 4 as the most appropriate scale considering all assessment indicators. The scale had 81.48% fewer items than the original version, indicating good predictive performance (AUC = 0.81, Accuracy = 0.83, Recall = 0.76, Precision = 0.71). Based on the test of 315 middle school students, the results showed that the five-item CDI had good measurement indexes (Cronbach's alpha = 0.72, criterion-related validity = 0.77).
CONCLUSIONS
This five-item short-form CDI is the first shortened and revised version of the CDI in China based on large local data samples.
Topics: Humans; Machine Learning; Adolescent; Child; Female; Male; China; Depression; Reproducibility of Results; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Psychometrics; Algorithms
PubMed: 38654267
DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18657-w -
BMC Psychiatry Apr 2024Middle-aged and older adults with physical disabilities exhibit more common and severe depressive symptoms than those without physical disabilities. Such symptoms can...
BACKGROUND
Middle-aged and older adults with physical disabilities exhibit more common and severe depressive symptoms than those without physical disabilities. Such symptoms can greatly affect the physical and mental health and life expectancy of middle-aged and older persons with disabilities.
METHOD
This study selected 2015 and 2018 data from the China Longitudinal Study of Health and Retirement. After analyzing the effect of age on depression, we used whether middle-aged and older adults with physical disabilities were depressed as the dependent variable and included a total of 24 predictor variables, including demographic factors, health behaviors, physical functioning and socialization, as independent variables. The data were randomly divided into training and validation sets on a 7:3 basis. LASSO regression analysis combined with binary logistic regression analysis was performed in the training set to screen the predictor variables of the model. Construct models in the training set and perform model evaluation, model visualization and internal validation. Perform external validation of the model in the validation set.
RESULT
A total of 1052 middle-aged and elderly persons with physical disabilities were included in this study, and the prevalence of depression in the elderly group > middle-aged group. Restricted triple spline indicated that age had different effects on depression in the middle-aged and elderly groups. LASSO regression analysis combined with binary logistic regression screened out Gender, Location of Residential Address, Shortsightedness, Hearing, Any possible helper in the future, Alcoholic in the Past Year, Difficulty with Using the Toilet, Difficulty with Preparing Hot Meals, and Unable to work due to disability constructed the Chinese Depression Prediction Model for Middle-aged and Older People with Physical Disabilities. The nomogram shows that living in a rural area, lack of assistance, difficulties with activities of daily living, alcohol abuse, visual and hearing impairments, unemployment and being female are risk factors for depression in middle-aged and older persons with physical disabilities. The area under the ROC curve for the model, internal validation and external validation were all greater than 0.70, the mean absolute error was less than 0.02, and the recall and precision were both greater than 0.65, indicating that the model performs well in terms of discriminability, accuracy and generalisation. The DCA curve and net gain curve of the model indicate that the model has high gain in predicting depression.
CONCLUSION
In this study, we showed that being female, living in rural areas, having poor vision and/or hearing, lack of assistance from others, drinking alcohol, having difficulty using the restroom and preparing food, and being unable to work due to a disability were risk factors for depression among middle-aged and older adults with physical disabilities. We developed a depression prediction model to assess the likelihood of depression in Chinese middle-aged and older adults with physical disabilities based on the above risk factors, so that early identification, intervention, and treatment can be provided to middle-aged and older adults with physical disabilities who are at high risk of developing depression.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Middle Aged; China; Disabled Persons; Aged; Longitudinal Studies; Depression; Prevalence; East Asian People
PubMed: 38654170
DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05766-4 -
JMIR Public Health and Surveillance Apr 2024Depression is often accompanied by changes in behavior, including dietary behaviors. The relationship between dietary behaviors and depression has been widely studied,...
BACKGROUND
Depression is often accompanied by changes in behavior, including dietary behaviors. The relationship between dietary behaviors and depression has been widely studied, yet previous research has relied on self-reported data which is subject to recall bias. Electronic device-based behavioral monitoring offers the potential for objective, real-time data collection of a large amount of continuous, long-term behavior data in naturalistic settings.
OBJECTIVE
The study aims to characterize digital dietary behaviors in depression, and to determine whether these behaviors could be used to detect depression.
METHODS
A total of 3310 students (2222 healthy controls [HCs], 916 with mild depression, and 172 with moderate-severe depression) were recruited for the study of their dietary behaviors via electronic records over a 1-month period, and depression severity was assessed in the middle of the month. The differences in dietary behaviors across the HCs, mild depression, and moderate-severe depression were determined by ANCOVA (analyses of covariance) with age, gender, BMI, and educational level as covariates. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to examine the association between dietary behaviors and depression severity. Support vector machine analysis was used to determine whether changes in dietary behaviors could detect mild and moderate-severe depression.
RESULTS
The study found that individuals with moderate-severe depression had more irregular eating patterns, more fluctuated feeding times, spent more money on dinner, less diverse food choices, as well as eating breakfast less frequently, and preferred to eat only lunch and dinner, compared with HCs. Moderate-severe depression was found to be negatively associated with the daily 3 regular meals pattern (breakfast-lunch-dinner pattern; OR 0.467, 95% CI 0.239-0.912), and mild depression was positively associated with daily lunch and dinner pattern (OR 1.460, 95% CI 1.016-2.100). These changes in digital dietary behaviors were able to detect mild and moderate-severe depression (accuracy=0.53, precision=0.60), with better accuracy for detecting moderate-severe depression (accuracy=0.67, precision=0.64).
CONCLUSIONS
This is the first study to develop a profile of changes in digital dietary behaviors in individuals with depression using real-world behavioral monitoring. The results suggest that digital markers may be a promising approach for detecting depression.
Topics: Humans; Female; Male; Adult; Depression; Young Adult; Feeding Behavior; Behavior Observation Techniques; Adolescent
PubMed: 38648087
DOI: 10.2196/47428 -
International Journal of... Jun 2024Irrelevant speech impairs cognitive performance, especially in tasks requiring verbal short-term memory. Working on these tasks during irrelevant speech can also cause a...
Irrelevant speech impairs cognitive performance, especially in tasks requiring verbal short-term memory. Working on these tasks during irrelevant speech can also cause a physiological stress reaction. The aim of this study was to examine heart rate variability (HRV) as a non-invasive and easy-to-use stress measure in an irrelevant speech paradigm. Thirty participants performed cognitive tasks (n-back and serial recall) during two sound conditions: irrelevant speech (50 dB) and quiet (33 dB steady-state noise). The influence of conditions as well as presentation orders of conditions were examined on performance, subjective experience, and physiological stress. Working during irrelevant speech compared to working during quiet reduced performance, namely accuracy, in the serial recall task. It was more annoying, heightened the perceived workload, and lowered acoustic satisfaction. It was related to higher physiological stress by causing faster heart rate and changes in HRV frequency-domain analysis (LF, HF and LF/HF). The order of conditions showed some additional effects. When speech was the first condition, 3-back performance was less accurate, and serial recall response times were longer, heart rate was faster, and successive heart beats had less variability (lower RMSSD) during speech than during quiet. When quiet was the first condition, heart rate was faster and reaction times in 3-back were slower during quiet than during speech. The negative effect of irrelevant speech was clear in experience, performance, and physiological stress. The study shows that HRV can be used as a physiological stress measure in irrelevant speech studies.
Topics: Humans; Heart Rate; Male; Female; Young Adult; Adult; Speech; Cognition; Stress, Physiological; Acoustic Stimulation; Reaction Time; Mental Recall; Memory, Short-Term; Speech Perception; Analysis of Variance
PubMed: 38641017
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2024.112352 -
Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics Jul 2024This paper explores the role of depressive symptoms (mediator/moderator) in the association between physical multimorbidity (exposure) and cognitive function (outcome)...
Interrelationships between physical multimorbidity, depressive symptoms and cognitive function among older adults in China, India and Indonesia: A four-way decomposition analysis.
OBJECTIVE
This paper explores the role of depressive symptoms (mediator/moderator) in the association between physical multimorbidity (exposure) and cognitive function (outcome) among older adults in the three most populous middle-income countries.
METHODS
This study used cross-sectional data from China (2015 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study), India (2017/2018 Longitudinal Ageing Study in India), and Indonesia (2014/2015 Indonesian Family Life Survey), with a total sample of 73,199 respondents aged ≥ 45 years. Three domains of cognitive tests were harmonised across surveys, including time orientation, word recall, and numeracy. The four-way decomposition analysis assessed the mediation and interaction effects between exposure, mediator/moderator, and outcome, adjusted for covariates.
RESULTS
The mean age of the respondents (in years) was slightly younger in Indonesia (56.0, SD = 8.8) than in China (59.5, SD = 9.3) and India (60.0, SD = 10.5). The proportion of male respondents was 49.3 % in China, 47.3 % in India, and 47.5 % in Indonesia. Respondents in China had the highest mean cognitive function z scores (54.7, SD = 19.9), followed by India (51.1, SD = 20.0) and Indonesia (51.0, SD = 18.4). Physical multimorbidity was associated with lower cognitive function in China and India (p < 0.0001), with 48.4 % and 40.0 % of the association explained by the mediating effect of depressive symptoms ('overall proportion due to mediation'). The association was not found in Indonesia.
CONCLUSION
Cognitive functions were lower among individuals with physical multimorbidity, and depressive symptoms mainly explained the association. Addressing depressive symptoms among persons with physical multimorbidity is likely to have not only an impact on their mental health but could prevent cognitive decline.
Topics: Humans; Male; Indonesia; Female; India; Multimorbidity; China; Middle Aged; Depression; Cross-Sectional Studies; Aged; Cognition; Longitudinal Studies; Cognitive Dysfunction
PubMed: 38640878
DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2024.105386 -
NPJ Science of Learning Apr 2024Neurofeedback (NF) training is a closed-loop brain training in which participants learn to regulate their neural activation. NF training of alpha (8-12 Hz) activity...
Neurofeedback (NF) training is a closed-loop brain training in which participants learn to regulate their neural activation. NF training of alpha (8-12 Hz) activity has been reported to enhance working memory capacity, but whether it affects the precision in working memory has not yet been explored. Moreover, whether NF training distinctively influences performance in different types of working memory tasks remains unclear. Therefore, the present study conducted a randomized, single-blind, sham-controlled experiment to investigate how alpha NF training affected the capacity and precision of working memory, as well as the related neural change. Forty participants were randomly and equally assigned to the NF group and the sham control group. Both groups received NF training (about 30 min daily) for five consecutive days. The NF group received alpha (8-12 Hz) training, while the sham control group received sham NF training. We found a significant alpha increase within sessions but no significant difference across sessions. However, the behavioral performance and neural activity in the modified Sternberg task did not show significant change after alpha NF training. On the contrary, the alpha NF training group significantly increased visual working memory capacity measured by the Corsi-block tapping task and improved visual working memory precision in the interference condition in a color-recall task. These results suggest that alpha NF training influences performance in working memory tasks involved in the visuospatial sketchpad. Notably, we demonstrated that alpha NF training improves the quantity and quality of visual working memory.
PubMed: 38637595
DOI: 10.1038/s41539-024-00242-w -
Neuron Jun 2024Cholecystokinin-expressing interneurons (CCKIs) are hypothesized to shape pyramidal cell-firing patterns and regulate network oscillations and related network state...
Cholecystokinin-expressing interneurons (CCKIs) are hypothesized to shape pyramidal cell-firing patterns and regulate network oscillations and related network state transitions. To directly probe their role in the CA1 region, we silenced their activity using optogenetic and chemogenetic tools in mice. Opto-tagged CCKIs revealed a heterogeneous population, and their optogenetic silencing triggered wide disinhibitory network changes affecting both pyramidal cells and other interneurons. CCKI silencing enhanced pyramidal cell burst firing and altered the temporal coding of place cells: theta phase precession was disrupted, whereas sequence reactivation was enhanced. Chemogenetic CCKI silencing did not alter the acquisition of spatial reference memories on the Morris water maze but enhanced the recall of contextual fear memories and enabled selective recall when similar environments were tested. This work suggests the key involvement of CCKIs in the control of place-cell temporal coding and the formation of contextual memories.
Topics: Animals; Cholecystokinin; Interneurons; Mice; Optogenetics; Hippocampus; Pyramidal Cells; Male; Fear; CA1 Region, Hippocampal; Mice, Transgenic; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Maze Learning; Theta Rhythm; Mental Recall; Memory; Learning
PubMed: 38636524
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2024.03.019