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Frontiers in Psychology 2024Studies have shown that music therapy can be used as a therapeutic aid for clinical disorders. To evaluate the effects of music therapy (MT) on language communication...
BACKGROUND
Studies have shown that music therapy can be used as a therapeutic aid for clinical disorders. To evaluate the effects of music therapy (MT) on language communication and social skills in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), a meta-analysis was performed on eligible studies in this field.
METHODS
A systematic search was conducted in eight databases: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library databases, the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Data, the Chinese Biomedical Literature (CBM) Database, and the VIP Chinese Science and Technology Periodicals Database. The standard mean difference (SMD) values were used to evaluate outcomes, and the pooled proportions and SMD with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were also calculated.
RESULTS
Eighteen randomized controlled trial (RCT) studies were included, with a total of 1,457 children with ASD. This meta-analysis revealed that music therapy improved their language communication [SMD = -1.20; 95%CI -1.45, -0.94; (17) = 84.17, = 80%, < 0.001] and social skills [SMD = -1. 13; 95%CI -1.49, -0.78; (17) = 162.53, = 90%, < 0.001]. In addition, behavior [SMD = -1.92; 94%CI -2.56, -1.28; (13) = 235.08, = 95%, < 0.001], sensory perception [SMD = -1.62; 95%CI -2.17, -1.08; (16) = 303.80, = 95%, < 0.001], self-help [SMD = -2. 14; 95%CI -3.17, -1.10; (6) = 173.07, = 97%, < 0.001] were all improved.
CONCLUSION
Music therapy has a positive effect on the improvement of symptoms in children with ASD.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/.
PubMed: 38774719
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1336421 -
Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine... Jun 2024To present a bibliometric analysis of global scientific publications on the nondrug and nonsedative hypnotic treatment of insomnia with regard to influential... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To present a bibliometric analysis of global scientific publications on the nondrug and nonsedative hypnotic treatment of insomnia with regard to influential institutions, publications, countries, research hotspots, trends, and frontiers.
METHODS
A literature review was conducted by searching the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases to identify all publications related to the nondrug and nonsedative hypnotic treatment of insomnia from 2000 to 2021. Eligible publications were reviewed, including annual publication increments, citation analyses, international collaborations, and keyword analyses. The data were analysed using CiteSpace (vers5.8.R3, 6.1.R2 and 6.1.6, College of Computing and Informatics, Philadelphia, PA, USA) and virtualized by knowledge maps. RESULTS:In total, 9832 publications were included in this analysis. The results from the WoSCC showed that the United States of America (Count = 2268, 40.33%), Stanford University (Count = 141, 2.51%), and the United States Department of Health and Human Services were the leading country, institute, and funding agency regarding the number of publications, respectively. 'Cognitive-behavioural therapy" was the most popular research topic generated from the cocited reference. The most frequently co-occurring keywords were insomnia, cognitive behavioural therapy, disorder, depression, quality of life, Meta-analysis, older adult, sleep, prevalence and efficacy, while keywords including clinical practice guideline, guideline, and Tai Chi remained popular after 2021. Circadian rhythm was the strongest research frontier for 2000-2021. In China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Count = 69, 4.79%) was the most productive institute in this field. The most frequently co-occurring keywords from Chinese literature were sleep disorder, sleep quality, acupuncture and moxibustion, Parkinson's disease, transcranial magnetic stimulation, health education, music therapy, chronic insomnia, quality of life, and nonmotor symptoms. Traditional Chinese medicine was the strongest research frontier for 2019-2021.
CONCLUSION
This bibliometric study provides an exhaustive mapping encompassing pertinent institute, publications, influential articles, researchers and topics of the global trend of nondrug and nonsedative hypnotic treatment for insomnia. The results show that the research trend has shifted from primary studies on the efficacy and safety of nondrug and nonsedative hypnotic treatment for insomnia to comorbidity studies. Clinical practice guidelines will potentially become the research frontier for this field post-2021. The findings are important for researchers, clinicians, journal editors, and policy-makers working in the field of nondrug and nonsedative hypnotic treatment for insomnia to understand the strengths and potentials in the current studies and guide future clinical practice, research, and science policy.
Topics: Humans; Bibliometrics; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders; Hypnotics and Sedatives
PubMed: 38767645
DOI: 10.19852/j.cnki.jtcm.20240408.002 -
Epilepsy & Behavior : E&B Jul 2024In this paper we look at non-pharmaceutical treatments for intractable epilepsy based on neurophysiological methods especially with EEG analysis. In summary, there are a... (Review)
Review
In this paper we look at non-pharmaceutical treatments for intractable epilepsy based on neurophysiological methods especially with EEG analysis. In summary, there are a number of limbic and thalamo-cortical related structures involved in the processing of musical emotion (exposure), including the amygdala (arousal, expression of mood, fear), hippocampus (memory, regulation of HPA axis, stress), parahippocampal gyrus (recognition, memory retrieval), insula (valence), temporal poles (connectivity), ventral striatum (expectation and experience of reward), orbitofrontal cortex (valence) and cingulate cortex (autonomic regulation). One method is to audify (a form of sonification) EEG activity to find music by feedback to entrain abnormal EEG activity. We discuss various methods and our use of X-System (https://www.x-system.co.uk/) which is a computational model of the musical brain capable of predicting the neurophysiological effects of music. It models structures and pathways related to responses to music, including the cochlea, brain stem, auditory and motor cortex, as well as basal ganglia, cerebellum and limbic structures. It can predict autonomic and endocrine activity as well as the substrates of electrical activity to select music which can regularise EEG abnormalities to decrease epileptic activity and seizures, especially in those unresponsive to antiepileptic medication or invasive treatments.
Topics: Humans; Epilepsy; Music Therapy; Music; Electroencephalography; Brain; Auditory Perception; Precision Medicine
PubMed: 38761451
DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2024.109829 -
Medicine May 2024The effectiveness of different medical interventions in managing labor pain has yielded mixed results. Therefore, this systematic review and network meta-analysis aimed... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
The effectiveness of different medical interventions in managing labor pain has yielded mixed results. Therefore, this systematic review and network meta-analysis aimed to provide a comprehensive summary of the available evidence on the impact of different strategies for reducing labor pain.
METHODS
We systematically searched 3 English databases (Pubmed, Embase and the Cochrane Library) from inception to January 2023. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or controlled clinical trials that investigating the effects of different strategies for reducing labor pain were included in this network meta-analysis. Risk of bias (ROB) was assessed using the Cochrane ROB tools. Network meta-analysis was performed using the R software (version 4.2.1) with gemtc package.
RESULTS
A total of 9 studies involving 823 patients, including 9 treatments (acupressure, birth ball exercise, Bonapace method, distraction techniques, ice pressure, LI4 acupressure, lidocaine spray, smartphone-based music intervention and placebo). The surface under the cumulative ranking (SUCRA) shows that Bonapace method ranked first (SUCRA, 79.5%), LI4 acupressure ranked second (SUCRA, 65.6%), distraction technique ranked third (SUCRA, 57.6%), birth ball exercise ranked fourth (SUCRA, 51.8%).
CONCLUSIONS
According to the results of the network meta-analysis, among the different strategies examined, the Bonapace Method stands out as the most effective nonpharmacological intervention for reducing labor pain. The results of this meta-analysis can aid both patients and healthcare professionals in choosing the most effective techniques to reduce labor pain.
Topics: Humans; Bayes Theorem; Female; Pregnancy; Labor Pain; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Network Meta-Analysis; Pain Management; Acupressure
PubMed: 38758902
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000037594 -
JAMA Network Open May 2024Preterm children are at risk for neurodevelopment impairments. (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
IMPORTANCE
Preterm children are at risk for neurodevelopment impairments.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the effect of a music therapy (MT) intervention (parent-led, infant-directed singing) for premature children during the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) stay and/or after hospital discharge on language development at 24 months' corrected age (CA).
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS
This predefined secondary analysis followed participants in the LongSTEP (Longitudinal Study of Music Therapy's Effectiveness for Premature Infants and Their Caregivers) randomized clinical trial, which was conducted from August 2018 to April 2022 in 8 NICUs across 5 countries (Argentina, Colombia, Israel, Norway, and Poland) and included clinic follow-up visits and extended interventions after hospital discharge.
INTERVENTION
Participants were children born preterm (<35 weeks' gestation) and their parents. Participants were randomized at enrollment to MT with standard care (SC) or SC alone; they were randomized to MT or SC again at discharge. The MT was parent-led, infant-directed singing tailored to infant responses and supported by a music therapist and was provided 3 times weekly in the NICU and/or in 7 sessions across 6 months after discharge. The SC consisted of early intervention methods of medical, nursing, and social services, without MT.
MAIN OUTCOME AND MEASURES
Primary outcome was language development, as measured by the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition (BSID-III) language composite score, with the remaining BSID-III composite and subscale scores as the secondary outcomes. Group differences in treatment effects were assessed using linear mixed-effects models using all available data.
RESULTS
Of 206 participants (103 female infants [50%]; mean [SD] GA, 30.5 [2.7] weeks), 51 were randomized to MT and 53 to SC at enrollment; at discharge, 52 were randomized to MT and 50 to SC. A total of 112 (54%) were retained at the 24 months' CA follow-up. Most participants (79 [70%] to 93 [83%]) had BSID-III scores in the normal range (≥85). Mean differences for the language composite score were -2.36 (95% CI, -12.60 to 7.88; P = .65) for the MT at NICU with postdischarge SC group, 2.65 (95% CI, -7.94 to 13.23; P = .62) for the SC at NICU and postdischarge MT group, and -3.77 (95% CI, -13.97 to 6.43; P = .47) for the MT group at both NICU and postdischarge. There were no significant effects for cognitive or motor development.
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
This secondary analysis did not confirm an effect of parent-led, infant-directed singing on neurodevelopment in preterm children at 24 months' CA; wide CIs suggest, however, that potential effects cannot be excluded. Future research should determine the MT approaches, implementation time, and duration that are effective in targeting children at risk for neurodevelopmental impairments and introducing broader measurements for changes in brain development.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03564184.
Topics: Humans; Music Therapy; Infant, Premature; Female; Male; Infant, Newborn; Infant; Intensive Care Units, Neonatal; Child, Preschool; Language Development; Longitudinal Studies; Child Development; Neurodevelopmental Disorders; Colombia; Norway; Israel
PubMed: 38753331
DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.10721 -
Frontiers in Neurology 2024Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a common neurological complication in elderly patients after surgery and general anesthesia. The occurrence of POCD...
Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a common neurological complication in elderly patients after surgery and general anesthesia. The occurrence of POCD seriously affects the postoperative recovery of patients, and leads to prolonged hospital stay, reduced quality of life, increased medical costs, and even higher mortality. There is no definite and effective drug treatment for POCD. More evidence shows that perioperative non-pharmacological intervention can improve postoperative cognitive function and reduce the incidence of POCD. Therefore, our studies summarize the current non-pharmacological interventions of POCD from the aspects of cognitive training, physical activity, transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation, noninvasive brain stimulation, non-pharmacological sleep improvement, music therapy, environment, and multimodal combination Interventions, to provide more data for clinical application and research.
PubMed: 38751891
DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1369821 -
Journal of Neurosciences in Rural... 2024Aging is a natural process and is often associated with an increased incidence of cognitive impairment. Physical exercise, diet, and leisure activities (music, dance,...
OBJECTIVES
Aging is a natural process and is often associated with an increased incidence of cognitive impairment. Physical exercise, diet, and leisure activities (music, dance, and art) are some of the lifestyle factors that contribute to healthy aging. The present study aims to explore the differences in cognitive functioning between aging individuals involved in musical activity throughout their lifetime and the ones who were not.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Fifty-one healthy elderly individuals (50-80 years of age) residing in an urban locality were selected for the study from the Tata Longitudinal Study of Aging cohort. Participants were divided into two groups: Active musicians trained in Carnatic music for more than five years ( = 18) and age-matched non-musicians ( = 33). Addenbrooke cognitive examination-III, Hindi mental status examination, and trail-making test-B (TMT-B) were used to assess cognitive functioning. A Generalized Linear Regression Model was performed including covariates such as gender, age, and years of education. We also looked at the available brain magnetic resonance imaging data of a subset of our study population to inspect the volumetric differences between musicians and non-musicians.
RESULTS
Our results showed that musicians had significantly better visuospatial abilities as compared to non-musicians ( = 0.043). Musicians (130.89 ± 45.16 s) also took less time to complete the TMT-B task than non-musicians (148.73 ± 39.65 s), although it was not a statistically significant difference ( =0.150). In addition, brain imaging data suggested that musicians had increased gray matter volumes in the right precuneus, right post-central gyrus, right medial and superior frontal gyrus, right orbital gyrus, left middle temporal gyrus, left cuneus, left fusiform gyrus, and bilateral cingulate gyrus.
CONCLUSION
Our findings are indicative of music being an important attribute in improving cognitive reserve and predicting cognitive resilience. These findings pave the way to explore the utility of non-pharmacological interventions, such as Music Therapy (especially Carnatic music in the Indian context), as a potential factor for improving cognitive reserve in elderly individuals.
PubMed: 38746502
DOI: 10.25259/JNRP_605_2023 -
Journal of Clinical Medicine Apr 2024Depression is a prevalent and debilitating illness that significantly affects psychological and physical well-being. Apart from conventional therapies such as...
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES
Depression is a prevalent and debilitating illness that significantly affects psychological and physical well-being. Apart from conventional therapies such as psychotherapy and medication, individuals with depression often lack opportunities for activities that are generally perceived as enjoyable, such as music, meditation, and arts, which have demonstrated therapeutic effectiveness. TaKeTiNa music therapy has been employed as a therapeutic intervention for more than two decades. However, there is a notable absence of well-designed clinical trials investigating its antidepressant effects, a gap we aim to address in our current study. Furthermore, shifts in the progression of depression may manifest both psychologically, by influencing emotional states, and physiologically, by leading to alterations in lipid and sphingolipid metabolism, cortisol levels, and immune system function. Our study seeks to analyze the impact of TaKeTiNa music therapy on both levels.
METHODS
This is a prospective monocentric randomized waitlist-controlled clinical trial. It investigates the influence of TaKeTiNa music therapy on patients with major depression in an outpatient setting. Therefore, interested persons are randomly assigned to two groups, an intervention group or a control group, after completing a screening procedure. The intervention group starts with an eight-week TaKeTiNa music therapy intervention. The waiting group receives the same therapy program after completing the follow-up period. Blood and saliva sampling as well as responses to questionnaires are obtained at specific time points.
DISCUSSION
Our study investigates the effects of TaKeTiNa music therapy, a non-pharmacological antidepressant treatment option, on depressive symptoms. We also address functional and causal immunological changes; hormonal changes, such as changes in cortisol levels; and metabolic changes, such as changes in serum lipids and sphingolipids, during the course of depression. We expect that this study will provide evidence to expand the range of treatment options available for depression.
PubMed: 38731019
DOI: 10.3390/jcm13092494 -
Medicine May 2024The COVID-19 pandemic, ongoing for over 2 years with evolving viral strains, including the highly infectious Omicron variant, underscores the pivotal role of Traditional... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND
The COVID-19 pandemic, ongoing for over 2 years with evolving viral strains, including the highly infectious Omicron variant, underscores the pivotal role of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) in pandemic intervention. Qingfei Paidu Granules (QFPG) are incorporated into the national TCM diagnosis and treatment protocol. This study aims to assess the clinical effectiveness of QFPG combined with nonpharmacological interventions in asymptomatic novel coronavirus infection.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Using a full-group randomized controlled trial, asymptomatic individuals from 3 wards of Fangcang Hospital were randomly assigned to 3 groups, each comprising 150 cases: F1, the nonpharmacological treatment group, receiving only Five Elements Music Therapy and Gongfa Therapy; F2, the comprehensive treatment group, receiving QFPG treatment combined with Five Elements Music Therapy and Gongfa Therapy; and F3, the pharmacological treatment group, receiving only QFPG treatment. The treatment duration for each group was 6 days. Clinical efficacy and safety among different treatment groups were observed, including the conversion time of COVID-19 nucleic acid detection, duration of hospitalization, conversion rate from mild to moderate cases, and occurrence of adverse events.
RESULTS
All 450 participants were included and completed the study. The conversion rates on the first day of treatment were 10.7%, 30%, and 11.3% for the F1, F2, and F3 groups, respectively. Compared to F1, both F2 and F3 showed shortened first conversion time and time to double negative results, with first conversion times of 1.92 days for F2 and 2.29 days for F3. Additionally, the time in F2 was shorter compared to F3. Hospitalization duration was shortened in both F2 and F3 compared to F1, with no statistically significant difference between F2 and F3. The conversion rate from mild to moderate cases was lower in both F2 and F3 compared to F1, but the difference between F2 and F3 was not significant.
CONCLUSION
Combining QFPG with traditional Chinese nonpharmacological interventions effectively shortened the conversion time of COVID-19 nucleic acid detection and reduced the conversion rate from asymptomatic infection to mild/moderate cases. This treatment approach is worth promoting in the management of asymptomatic patients during pandemics.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
ClinicalTrials.gov, ChiCTR2200059007.
Topics: Humans; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Male; Female; COVID-19; Middle Aged; Adult; SARS-CoV-2; Medicine, Chinese Traditional; COVID-19 Drug Treatment; Treatment Outcome; Combined Modality Therapy; Asymptomatic Infections
PubMed: 38728524
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000038016 -
BMC Psychiatry May 2024Older age and cognitive inactivity have been associated with cognitive impairment, which in turn is linked to economic and societal burdens due to the high costs of... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Virtual reality-based training may improve visual memory and some aspects of sustained attention among healthy older adults - preliminary results of a randomized controlled study.
BACKGROUND/AIMS
Older age and cognitive inactivity have been associated with cognitive impairment, which in turn is linked to economic and societal burdens due to the high costs of care, especially for care homes and informal care. Emerging non-pharmacological interventions using new technologies, such as virtual reality (VR) delivered on a head-mounted display (HMD), might offer an alternative to maintain or improve cognition. The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a VR-based Digital Therapeutics application for improving cognitive functions among healthy older adults.
METHODS
Seventy-two healthy seniors (experimental group N = 35, control group N = 37), aged 65-85 years, were recruited by the Medical University of Lodz (Poland). Participants were randomly allocated to the experimental group (a VR-based cognitive training which consists of a warm-up module and three tasks, including one-back and dual-N-back) or to the control group (a regular VR headset app only showing nature videos). The exercises are performed in different 360-degree natural environments while listening to a preferred music genre and delivered on a head-mounted display (HMD). The 12-week intervention of 12 min was delivered at least three times per week (36 sessions). Compliance and performance were followed through a web-based application. Primary outcomes included attention and working memory (CNS-Vital Signs computerized cognitive battery). Secondary outcomes comprised other cognitive domains. Mixed linear models were constructed to elucidate the difference in pre- and post-intervention measures between the experimental and control groups.
RESULTS
The users performed, on average, 39.8 sessions (range 1-100), and 60% performed more than 36 sessions. The experimental group achieved higher scores in the visual memory module (B = 7.767, p = 0.011) and in the one-back continuous performance test (in terms of correct responses: B = 2.057, p = 0.003 and omission errors: B = -1.950, p = 0.007) than the control group in the post-test assessment. The results were independent of participants' sex, age, and years of education. The differences in CNS Vital Signs' global score, working memory, executive function, reaction time, processing speed, simple and complex attention, verbal memory, cognitive flexibility, motor speed, and psychomotor speed were not statistically significant.
CONCLUSIONS
VR-based cognitive training may prove to be a valuable, efficacious, and well-received tool in terms of improving visual memory and some aspect of sustainability of attention among healthy older adults. This is a preliminary analysis based on part of the obtained results to that point. Final conclusions will be drawn after the analysis of the target sample size.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
Clinicaltrials.gov ID NCT05369897.
Topics: Humans; Aged; Male; Female; Aged, 80 and over; Virtual Reality; Attention; Memory; Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy
PubMed: 38720251
DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05811-2