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Frontiers in Microbiology 2024causes respiratory tract infections, affecting both children and adults, with varying degrees of severity ranging from mild to life-threatening. In recent years, a new... (Review)
Review
causes respiratory tract infections, affecting both children and adults, with varying degrees of severity ranging from mild to life-threatening. In recent years, a new class of regulatory RNAs called long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) has been discovered to play crucial roles in regulating gene expression in the host. Research on lncRNAs has greatly expanded our understanding of cellular functions involving RNAs, and it has significantly increased the range of functions of lncRNAs. In lung cancer, transcripts associated with lncRNAs have been identified as regulators of airway and lung inflammation in a process involving protein complexes. An excessive immune response and antibacterial immunity are closely linked to the pathogenesis of . The relationship between lncRNAs and infection largely involves lncRNAs that participate in antibacterial immunity. This comprehensive review aimed to examine the dysregulation of lncRNAs during infection, highlighting the latest advancements in our understanding of the biological functions and molecular mechanisms of lncRNAs in the context of infection and indicating avenues for investigating lncRNAs-related therapeutic targets.
PubMed: 38585701
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1330660 -
JAAD Case Reports May 2024
PubMed: 38576904
DOI: 10.1016/j.jdcr.2024.02.013 -
World Journal of Clinical Cases Mar 2024Secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (sHLH) triggered by serovar Typhimurium is rare in pediatric patients. There is no consensus on how to treat -triggered...
BACKGROUND
Secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (sHLH) triggered by serovar Typhimurium is rare in pediatric patients. There is no consensus on how to treat -triggered sHLH.
CASE SUMMARY
A 9-year-old boy with intermittent fever for 3 d presented to our hospital with positive results for , human rhinovirus, and infections. At the time of admission to our institution, the patient's T helper 1/T helper 2 cytokine levels were 326 pg/mL for interleukin 6 (IL-6), 9.1 pg/mL for IL-10, and 246.7 pg/mL for interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), for which the ratio of IL-10 to IFN-γ was 0.04. In this study, the patient received meropenem, linezolid, and cefoperazone/sulbactam in combination with high-dose methylprednisolone therapy (10 mg/kg/d for 3 d) and antishock supportive treatment twice. After careful evaluation, this patient did not receive HLH chemotherapy and recovered well.
CONCLUSION
Typhimurium infection-triggered sHLH patient had a ratio of IL-10 to IFN-γ ≤ 1.33, an IL-10 concentration ≤ 10.0 pg/mL, and/or an IFN-γ concentration ≤ 225 pg/mL at admission. Early antimicrobial and supportive treatment was sufficient, and the HLH-94/2004 protocol was not necessary under these conditions.
PubMed: 38576747
DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v12.i9.1660 -
Emerging Infectious Diseases May 2024During a 2023 outbreak of Mycoplasma pneumoniae-associated community-acquired pneumonia among children in northern Vietnam, we analyzed M. pneumoniae isolated from...
During a 2023 outbreak of Mycoplasma pneumoniae-associated community-acquired pneumonia among children in northern Vietnam, we analyzed M. pneumoniae isolated from nasopharyngeal samples. In almost half (6 of 13) of samples tested, we found known A2063G mutations (macrolide resistance) and a novel C2353T variant on the 23S rRNA gene.
Topics: Mycoplasma pneumoniae; Humans; Vietnam; RNA, Ribosomal, 23S; Mutation; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma; Child; Child, Preschool; Community-Acquired Infections; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Resistance, Bacterial
PubMed: 38573165
DOI: 10.3201/eid3005.231632 -
BMC Pulmonary Medicine Apr 2024Anti-synthetase syndrome (ASS) is a group of rare clinical subtypes within inflammatory myopathies, predominantly affecting adult females. Instances of critical illness... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Anti-synthetase syndrome (ASS) is a group of rare clinical subtypes within inflammatory myopathies, predominantly affecting adult females. Instances of critical illness associated with ASS in children are even rarer.
CASE PRESENTATION
We report the case of a 7-year-old boy finally diagnosed with ASS, combined with pneumomediastinum. He presented with intermittent fever persisting for 12 days, paroxysmal cough for 11 days, chest pain, and shortness of breath for 4 days, prompting admission to our hospital. Pre-admission chest CT revealed diffuse pneumomediastinum, subcutaneous pneumatosis in the neck and bilateral chest wall, consolidation, atelectasis, and reticular nodular shadowing in both lungs, as well as pericardial effusion and bilateral pleural effusions. Laboratory tests revealed a positive result for serum MP immunoglobulin M (MP-IgM) and MP immunoglobulin G (MP-IgG). The patient was initially diagnosed with mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) infection, and following 3 days of antibiotic treatment, the patient's tachypnea worsened. Positive results in muscle enzyme antibody tests included anti-PL-12 antibody IgG, anti-Jo-1 antibody IgG, and anti-RO-52 antibody IgG. Ultrasonography detected moderate effusions in the right shoulder, bilateral elbow, and knee joints. Corticosteroids pulse therapy was initiated on the 27th day following disease onset, and continued for 3 days, followed by sequential therapy for an additional 12 days. The child was discharged on the 43rd day, and subsequent follow-up revealed a significant improvement in consolidation and interstitial lesions in both lungs.
CONCLUSIONS
ASS in children may combine with rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease (RPILD) and pneumomediastinum. It is crucial to promptly identify concurrent immunologic abnormalities during the outbreak of MP, particularly when the disease exhibits rapid progression with ineffective conventional antibiotic therapy.
Topics: Child; Humans; Male; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Immunoglobulin G; Lung; Mediastinal Emphysema; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 38561741
DOI: 10.1186/s12890-024-02984-0 -
PeerJ 2024This study aimed to create a predictive model based on machine learning to identify the risk for tracheobronchial tuberculosis (TBTB) occurring alongside pneumonia in...
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to create a predictive model based on machine learning to identify the risk for tracheobronchial tuberculosis (TBTB) occurring alongside pneumonia in pediatric patients.
METHODS
Clinical data from 212 pediatric patients were examined in this retrospective analysis. This cohort included 42 individuals diagnosed with TBTB and pneumonia (combined group) and 170 patients diagnosed with lobar pneumonia alone (pneumonia group). Three predictive models, namely XGBoost, decision tree, and logistic regression, were constructed, and their performances were assessed using the receiver's operating characteristic (ROC) curve, precision-recall curve (PR), and decision curve analysis (DCA). The dataset was divided into a 7:3 ratio to test the first and second groups, utilizing them to validate the XGBoost model and to construct the nomogram model.
RESULTS
The XGBoost highlighted eight significant signatures, while the decision tree and logistic regression models identified six and five signatures, respectively. The ROC analysis revealed an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.996 for XGBoost, significantly outperforming the other models ( < 0.05). Similarly, the PR curve demonstrated the superior predictive capability of XGBoost. DCA further confirmed that XGBoost offered the highest AIC (43.226), the highest average net benefit (0.764), and the best model fit. Validation efforts confirmed the robustness of the findings, with the validation groups 1 and 2 showing ROC and PR curves with AUC of 0.997, indicating a high net benefit. The nomogram model was shown to possess significant clinical value.
CONCLUSION
Compared to machine learning approaches, the XGBoost model demonstrated superior predictive efficacy in identifying pediatric patients at risk of concurrent TBTB and pneumonia. The model's identification of critical signatures provides valuable insights into the pathogenesis of these conditions.
Topics: Humans; Child; Retrospective Studies; Mycoplasma pneumoniae; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma; Area Under Curve; Tuberculosis
PubMed: 38560467
DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17164 -
Journal of Infection and Public Health May 2024Pyometra is a disease characterized by the collection of pus in the uterus. The clinical characteristics and etiology of pyometra have not been sufficiently described....
BACKGROUND
Pyometra is a disease characterized by the collection of pus in the uterus. The clinical characteristics and etiology of pyometra have not been sufficiently described. In this study, we investigated the clinical characteristics, epidemiology, outcomes, and risk factors of septic shock in patients with pyometra.
METHODS
Patients with pyometra admitted to one of four university-affiliated hospitals between January 2010 to August 2022 were enrolled. Pyometra cases associated with peripartum infection and surgical site infection were excluded. Clinical characteristics and outcomes of pyometra were described, and pyometra patients with or without septic shock were compared.
RESULTS
A total of 192 patients was included. Twenty-eight-day all-cause mortality was 5.0%, and the 1-year recurrence rate was 6.3%. Median patient age was 77.5 years. The two most common symptoms were abdominal pain (49.0%) and vaginal discharge (47.9%). Escherichia coli (40.1%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (16.7%), and Streptococcus spp.(16.0%) were the pathogens most frequently isolated by conventional culture; those isolated from polymerase chain reaction were Mycoplasma hominis (48.0%), and Ureaplasma spp. (32.0%). In multivariable analysis, fever, uterine perforation, and dementia were associated with increased incidence of septic shock, while vaginal discharge was associated with a lower incidence of septic shock.
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings suggest that pyometra is a unique gynecological infectious syndrome in post-menopausal individuals. The most common associated pathogens are similar to those involved in urinary tract infections rather than those of sexually transmitted diseases. Decreased cognitive function could delay early diagnosis of pyometra and lead to septic shock and higher mortality.
Topics: Aged; Female; Humans; Cohort Studies; Escherichia coli; Pyometra; Risk Factors; Shock, Septic; Vaginal Discharge; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 38554592
DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2024.03.019 -
Clinical Case Reports Apr 2024Although it is very uncommon, SLE may initially present with recurrent episodes of EM-like rash. Despite the various possibilities underlying their association, prompt...
KEY CLINICAL MESSAGE
Although it is very uncommon, SLE may initially present with recurrent episodes of EM-like rash. Despite the various possibilities underlying their association, prompt identification, and treatment of SLE in patients presenting with EM is important to prevent death or serious organ damage.
ABSTRACT
Rowell's syndrome (RS) is an uncommon presentation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with erythema multiforme (EM)-like lesions associated with specific serological changes, including positive rheumatoid factor (RF), speckled antinuclear antibody (ANA), positive rheumatoid factor, or anti-La antibodies in the serum. Our case, a 41-year-old male, presented with features of EM. Upon investigation, we identified underlying systemic lupus erythematosus, marking a rare instance of SLE presenting for the first time as EM. Classical or true EM is precipitated by trigger factors such as infective agents like the herpes simplex virus, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, drugs like anticonvulsants, antibiotics, and non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs, any underlying malignancy, or connective tissue disorders, and is not associated with any specific serological abnormalities. EM cases associated with LE lesions where an EM trigger factor is missing are considered an RS diagnostic criterion. In this case report, the importance of considering SLE in patients presenting initially with recurrent episodes of EM-like rash is emphasized. RS should be considered, especially when there is no evidence of triggering factors. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment of SLE are crucial to preventing death and irreversible organ damage.
PubMed: 38550727
DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.8677 -
Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) Mar 2024The rebound characteristics of respiratory infections after lifting pandemic control measures were uncertain. From January to November 2023, patients presenting at a...
The rebound characteristics of respiratory infections after lifting pandemic control measures were uncertain. From January to November 2023, patients presenting at a teaching hospital were tested for common respiratory viruses and using a combination of antigen, nucleic acid amplification, and targeted next-generation sequencing (tNGS) tests. The number and rate of positive tests per month, clinical and microbiological characteristics were analyzed. A rapid rebound of SARS-CoV-2 was followed by a slower rebound of with an interval of 5 months between their peaks. The hospitalization rate was higher, with infections caused by respiratory viruses compared to . Though the pediatric hospitalization rate of respiratory viruses (66.1%) was higher than that of (34.0%), the 4094 cases of within 6 months posed a huge burden on healthcare services. Multivariate analysis revealed that -infected adults had more fatigue, comorbidities, and higher serum C-reactive protein, whereas children had a higher incidence of other respiratory pathogens detected by tNGS or pathogen-specific PCR, fever, and were more likely to be female. A total of 85% of -positive specimens had mutations detected at the 23rRNA gene, with 99.7% showing A2063G mutation. Days to defervescence were longer in those not treated by effective antibiotics and those requiring a change in antibiotic treatment. A delayed but significant rebound of was observed after the complete relaxation of pandemic control measures. No unusual, unexplained, or unresponsive cases of respiratory infections which warrant further investigation were identified.
PubMed: 38534697
DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13030262 -
The Journal of International Medical... Mar 2024Acute respiratory infections are a major global public health concern. However, there are few epidemiological studies investigating pathogens associated with respiratory...
OBJECTIVE
Acute respiratory infections are a major global public health concern. However, there are few epidemiological studies investigating pathogens associated with respiratory tract infections in Guizhou Province, China.
METHODS
We collected 17,850 blood samples from Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital between November 2018 and May 2023 to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of respiratory pathogens and their spread during the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in Guizhou Province.
RESULTS
We identified influenza virus and as the predominant pathogens involved in acute respiratory infections in the study area. Immunoglobulin M positivity for respiratory syncytial virus, influenza virus, and showed a strong correlation with the clinical diagnosis of pneumonia. Seasonal epidemic patterns were observed for influenza A and B viruses. Following the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak, there was a significant decrease in the positive rates for most respiratory pathogens, particularly influenza A and B, , and respiratory syncytial virus.
CONCLUSION
This retrospective study contributes to the epidemiological evidence regarding respiratory pathogens in Guizhou Province, thereby enhancing the surveillance network for respiratory pathogens in China and providing valuable guidance for local hospitals.
Topics: Humans; Influenza, Human; SARS-CoV-2; Retrospective Studies; COVID-19; Respiratory Tract Infections; China; Mycoplasma pneumoniae
PubMed: 38520253
DOI: 10.1177/03000605241236050