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BMC Pediatrics Mar 2024The results of disparate clinical studies indicate abnormally frequent cases of certain microorganisms in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). However, these...
BACKGROUND
The results of disparate clinical studies indicate abnormally frequent cases of certain microorganisms in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). However, these data require clarification and systematization. The study aims to study the structure of the microbial profile in children with ASD and genetic folate cycle deficiency (GFCD) and consider differences in diagnostic approaches for identifying microorganisms of different types.
METHODS
The study analyzed medical data from 240 children (187 boys and 63 girls) with GFCD aged 2 to 9 years. The children had clinical manifestations of ASD (the study group, SG). The control group (CG) included 53 clinically healthy children (37 boys and 16 girls) of the same age but without GFCD. Both groups of children were tested on active herpetic infections (HSV-1/2, VZV, EBV, CMV, HHV-6, HHV-7, HHV-8), ТТV, Streptococcus pyogenes, Candida albicans, Borrelia burgdorferi, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydia pneumoniae, Yersinia enterocolitica, Toxoplasma gondii, congenital CMV neuroinfection and postnatal HSV-1/2 encephalitis. The testing used diagnostic methods specified in PubMed-indexed studies.
RESULTS
In the SG, TTV was found in 196 children (82%), HHV-7 - in 172 (72%), HHV-6 - in 162 (68%), EBV - in 153 (64%), Streptococcus pyogenes - in 127 (53%), Candida albicans - in 116 (48%), Borrelia - in 107 (45%), Mycoplasma pneumoniae - in 94 (39%), Chlamydia pneumoniae - in 85 (35%), Yersinia entеrocolitica - in 71 (30%), Toxoplasma gondii - in 54 (23%), congenital CMV neuroinfection - in 26 (11%), and postnatal HSV-1/2 encephalitis - in 11 children (5% of cases) (p < p; Z < Z). In the SG, there was a higher microbial load in older children (p < p; Z < Z). No gender differences were found.
CONCLUSIONS
The study described and characterized a specific abnormal microbial spectrum with a predominance of viral opportunistic agents in children with ASD associated with GFCD.
Topics: Male; Child; Female; Humans; Herpesviridae Infections; Autism Spectrum Disorder; Cytomegalovirus Infections; Herpesvirus 6, Human; Encephalitis; Folic Acid
PubMed: 38515059
DOI: 10.1186/s12887-024-04687-1 -
Emerging Microbes & Infections Dec 2024After the use of facemasks, other isolation measures enacted during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic were lifted, respiratory pathogens, such as RSV, reappeared, but until the...
After the use of facemasks, other isolation measures enacted during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic were lifted, respiratory pathogens, such as RSV, reappeared, but until the November 2023 WHO alert for China, had virtually disappeared. After observing a similar reappearance in our hospital, a retrospective analysis of the number of positive tests. Between 2018 and December 2023, 1619 PCR tests were ordered and 43 (2.6%) of them were positive. Two outbreaks, one in 2018 and one in 2023, accounted for the majority of cases. Tests were usually ordered in an outpatient setting (53.54%, = 23) and most of them were paediatric patients with a mean age (sd) of 10.2 (6.2) years. As for the severity of the cases, in the 2018 outbreak, of 15 children who tested positive, 53.3% ( = 8) were admitted to the ward and 6.7% ( = 1) at the intensive care unit. Whereas in 2023, 2 patients were tested in the ward (10.5%) and one in the intensive care unit (5.2%) from a total of 19 patients. The positive rate in 2023 was significantly higher in comparison with years 2020, 2021 and 2022 and significantly lower in comparison with 2018 (-value=0.003). The outbreak in late 2023 can be explained by the seasonality of Mycoplasma pneumonia alone, which has shown outbreaks every 3-5 years, and it does not appear to be more severe than the previous one.
Topics: Humans; Child; Mycoplasma pneumoniae; Spain; Retrospective Studies; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma; China
PubMed: 38497329
DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2332680 -
International Journal of General... 2024The Systemic Immune Inflammation Index (SII), as a novel inflammation biomarker that comprehensively reflects the inflammatory and immune status of the body, has not...
The Clinical Value of Systemic Immune Inflammation Index (SII) in Predicting the Severity of Hospitalized Children with Mycoplasma Pneumoniae Pneumonia: A Retrospective Study.
OBJECTIVE
The Systemic Immune Inflammation Index (SII), as a novel inflammation biomarker that comprehensively reflects the inflammatory and immune status of the body, has not been reported in studies on Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) in children. This study aims to investigate whether SII can serve as an effective indicator for evaluating the condition of MPP.
METHODS
This study recruited a total of 304 hospitalized patients with mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP), including 78 patients with severe MPP (SMPP) and 226 patients with non-SMPP. Univariate analysis using chi-square test, -test, and Mann-Whitney -test was conducted to analyze the clinical data of the patients. Logistic regression analysis was employed to identify the main risk factors for SMPP. Receiver operating characteristic curves were plotted to evaluate the potential of using neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), and systemic immune response index (SIRI) to predict the severity of MPP.
RESULTS
The ROC curve results show that patients with SII values ≥ 699.00 are more likely to develop severe MPP (sensitivity=0.876, specificity=0.987, AUC=0.940), and the predictive value of SII is significantly better than that of NLR, PLR, and SIRI. The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis indicate that SII can serve as a major risk factor for distinguishing non-SMPP from SMPP.
CONCLUSION
This study suggests that SII may be an effective indicator for predicting the severity of MPP in children. SII is more sensitive and specific than NLR, PLR, and SIRI in evaluating the condition of MPP.
PubMed: 38495920
DOI: 10.2147/IJGM.S451466 -
Medicine Mar 2024Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) infections occur in regional outbreaks every 3 to 7 years, lasting up to 2 years. Since this fall, there has been a significant rise in MP...
BACKGROUND
Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) infections occur in regional outbreaks every 3 to 7 years, lasting up to 2 years. Since this fall, there has been a significant rise in MP infections among children in China, indicating a regional epidemiological trend that imposes an increased national public health burden. To date, bibliometric methods have not been applied to studies on MP infection in children.
METHODS
We searched for all relevant English publications on MP pneumonia in children published from 2011 to 2023 using Web of Science. Analytical software tools such as Citespace and VOSviewer were employed to analyze the collected literature.
RESULTS
993 articles on MP pneumonia in children were published in 338 academic journals by 5062 authors affiliated with 1381 institutions across 75 countries/regions. China led in global productivity with 56.19%. Among the top 10 prolific organizations, 8 were Chinese institutions, with Soochow University being the most active, followed by Capital Medical University and Zhejiang University. Zhimin Chen from Zhejiang University School of Medicine exhibited the highest H-index of 32. Keyword co-occurrence network analysis revealed 7 highly relevant clusters.
CONCLUSION
The current research hotspots and frontiers in this field are primarily MP pneumonia, refractory MP pneumonia, lactate dehydrogenase, asthma, and biomarker. We anticipate that this work will provide novel insights for advancing scientific exploration and the clinical application of MP pneumonia in children.
Topics: Child; Humans; Asian People; Bibliometrics; Mycoplasma pneumoniae; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma; Public Health; China
PubMed: 38489686
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000037521 -
Microbiology Spectrum Apr 2024Non-pharmacologic interventions (NPIs), such as universal masking, implemented during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic have reduced respiratory infections among children. This...
UNLABELLED
Non-pharmacologic interventions (NPIs), such as universal masking, implemented during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic have reduced respiratory infections among children. This study evaluated the impact of NPIs on infections in children, analyzing data from two hospitals in Arkansas and examining age-related differences and co-infections with other respiratory viruses. The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board and included patients (≤18 years) with upper respiratory tract symptoms. Data generated from the FilmArray Respiratory Panel were divided into pre-NPI, NPI, and post-NPI periods for analysis. Overall test positivity rate and positivity rate interval changes were evaluated. Statistical differences were determined by Chi-square (χ independence) analysis. A total of 100,077 tests were performed, with a statistical increase in testing volume during the NPI and post-NPI periods. The number of positive tests decreased by 77% (77 to 18) during the NPI period, then increased by 50% (18 to 27) during the post-NPI period. Preschool and elementary school age groups had the highest number of positive tests during the study at 59 (48%) and 40 (33%), respectively. Reduced infections were consistent across age groups. Co-infections with other respiratory viruses, particularly human rhinovirus/enterovirus, were observed at much lower levels. Pediatric infections in Arkansas were temporally associated with implementation and discontinuation of NPIs. Specific viral co-infections still occurred, albeit at lower levels during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Because of the slower growth of this bacterium, we expect infections to return to pre-pandemic levels within approximately 2 years.
IMPORTANCE
Non-pharmacologic interventions (NPIs) effectively curtailed the spread of SARS-CoV-2 and, fortuitously, many other aerosol-transmitted respiratory pathogens. This study included the largest data set of symptomatic, pediatric patients from within the United States spanning a period from November 2017 through December 2023, and encompassed individuals residing in both rural and urban settings. We observed a strong correlation between the implementation and cessation of NPIs with the rate of respiratory infections due to and viral co-infections. These infections are returning to baseline levels approximately 2 years following NPI cessation. This observation was not unexpected since the replication time for viruses is exponentially faster than that of bacteria. The resurgence of and likely other atypical bacterial pathogens is currently in process. Healthcare providers should strongly consider these pathogens in individuals presenting with respiratory tract illnesses.
Topics: Child, Preschool; Humans; Child; Arkansas; Mycoplasma pneumoniae; SARS-CoV-2; Coinfection; Pandemics; COVID-19; Respiratory Tract Infections
PubMed: 38488365
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02908-23 -
China CDC Weekly Feb 2024Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) are a significant contributor to illness and death in children. There has been a notable rise in the occurrence of ARIs and the...
WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS TOPIC?
Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) are a significant contributor to illness and death in children. There has been a notable rise in the occurrence of ARIs and the associated pathogens in China, which has garnered worldwide attention.
WHAT IS ADDED BY THIS REPORT?
This study conducted a retrospective analysis of the clinical characteristics of children with ARIs in Wuhan City from September to November 2023. The study evaluated the epidemiological patterns of common respiratory viruses and (MP), revealing a continued prevalence of MP and a growing trend of influenza. Our findings emphasize that the circulation of respiratory viruses and MP has not returned to pre-pandemic levels, underscoring the importance of enhancing surveillance for respiratory pathogens.
WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS FOR PUBLIC HEALTH PRACTICE?
The epidemiology of ARIs and the pathogens involved need to be emphasized. This highlights the importance of developing policies to protect children from respiratory pathogens such as MP, influenza, and respiratory syncytial virus.
PubMed: 38476821
DOI: 10.46234/ccdcw2024.027 -
Frontiers in Public Health 2024This study aimed to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of common pathogens contributing to childhood lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) in Xiangtan...
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of common pathogens contributing to childhood lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) in Xiangtan City, Hunan Province before and during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.
METHODS
A total of 11,891 enrolled patients, aged 1 month to 14 years, diagnosed with LRTIs and admitted to Xiangtan Central Hospital from January 2018 to December 2021 were retrospectively reviewed in this study. Specifically, the epidemiological characteristics of these pathogens before and during the COVID-19 pandemic were analyzed.
RESULTS
There was a significant decrease in the number of children hospitalized with LRTIs during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020-2021) compared to data from 2018 to 2019 (before the COVID-19 pandemic). Of these cases, 60.01% (7,136/11,891) were male and 39.99% (4,755/11,891) were female. 78.9% (9,381/11,891) cases occurred in children under 4 years of age. The average pathogen detection rate among 11,891 hospitalized LRTIs children was 62.19% (7,395/11,891), with the average pathogen detection rate of 60.33% (4,635/7,682) and 65.57% (2,670/4,209) before and during COVID-19 pandemic, respectively. The detection rates of adenovirus (ADV), (BP) and () decreased dramatically, while the detection rates of influenza viruses (IFV), parainfluenza viruses (PIV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), (), (), and () increased significantly during the COVID-19 pandemic. Overall, RSV, (MP), , and IFV were the major pathogens causing LRTIs in hospitalized children before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.
CONCLUSION
Public health interventions for COVID-19 prevention are beneficial to reduce the incidence of LRTIs in children by limiting the prevalence of ADV, MP, BP, and , but which have limited restrictive effects on other common LRTIs-associated pathogens. Collectively, the data in this study comprehensively investigated the effects of COVID-19 pandemic on the epidemiological characteristics of respiratory pathogens, which will be beneficial for improving early preventive measures.
Topics: Child; Humans; Male; Female; Child, Preschool; Child, Hospitalized; Retrospective Studies; Staphylococcus aureus; Pandemics; COVID-19; Respiratory Tract Infections; Respiratory Syncytial Viruses
PubMed: 38476493
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1367614 -
La Tunisie Medicale Nov 2023Ocular manifestations of Mycoplasma Pneumoniae infection are rare. We present a case of Mycoplasma Pneumoniae infection revealed by a recurrent retro-bulbar optic...
INTRODUCTION
Ocular manifestations of Mycoplasma Pneumoniae infection are rare. We present a case of Mycoplasma Pneumoniae infection revealed by a recurrent retro-bulbar optic neuritis.
CASE DESCRIPTION
A 38-year-old woman, initially treated for a typical retro-bulbar optic neuritis of the right eye with corticosteroid therapy at high doses, presented for a recurrent decreased vision in the same eye, associated with blepharospasm and conjunctival hyperemia. The etiological assessment revealed a recent Mycoplasma Pneumoniae infection. The patient was treated with corticosteroids and fluorquinolones. Her visual acuity improved to 20/20 and the other symptoms disappeared. She did not develop any recurrence during follow-up.
CONCLUSIONS
Management of atypical optic neuritis in a young adult requires consideration and serologic testing for Mycoplasma Pneumoniae especially in endemic regions.
Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Mycoplasma pneumoniae; Optic Neuritis; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma; Visual Acuity
PubMed: 38468588
DOI: No ID Found -
American Journal of Translational... 2024To explore the clinical significance of detecting mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP)-DNA, C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, and IL-10 in children with...
OBJECTIVE
To explore the clinical significance of detecting mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP)-DNA, C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, and IL-10 in children with mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP).
METHODS
The data from 106 children who received treatment or underwent health examination in the Children's Medical Center of Anhui Medical University from January 2021 to October 2022 were collected and analyzed retrospectively. The observation group (OG) consisted of 64 children with MPP, while the control group (CG) consisted of 42 healthy children. The levels of IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, CRP, and MP-DNA were compared between the two groups. The diagnostic value of MP-DNA in patients with MPP and its correlation with the levels of IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and CRP were analyzed.
RESULTS
The level of MP-DNA in the OG was notably higher than that in the CG (P<0.05). Additionally, the levels of IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and CRP in the OG were significantly higher than those in the CG (P<0.05). MP-DNA was positively correlated with the levels of IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and CRP (P<0.05). The area under the curve of MP-DNA in diagnosing MPP was 0.979, with a specificity of 92.19% and a sensitivity of 97.62%.
CONCLUSION
Indicators such as MP-DAN, IL-6, IL-8 are crucial in the development and progression of MPP, playing an important role in diagnosing and treating patients with MPP.
PubMed: 38463592
DOI: 10.62347/VCVW7593 -
Scientific Reports Mar 2024This study aimed to investigate differences in clinical characteristics and laboratory findings between children infected with Macrolide-Sensitive Mycoplasma pneumoniae... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
This study aimed to investigate differences in clinical characteristics and laboratory findings between children infected with Macrolide-Sensitive Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MSMP) and Macrolide-Resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MRMP). Additionally, the research sought to identify laboratory markers for rapidly distinguishing refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (RMPP) from ordinary Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (OMPP). In total, 265 Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) patients were included, with MRMP identified by specific point mutations in domain V of the 23S rRNA gene. A retrospective analysis compared the clinical courses and laboratory data, revealing that MRMP patients experienced prolonged febrile days (P = 0.004), elevated CRP levels (P < 0.001), and higher MP DNA loads than MSMP patients (P = 0.037). Based on clinical symptoms, MRMP was divided into RMPP (n = 56) and OMPP (n = 70), with RMPP demonstrating significantly increased IL-18, community-acquired respiratory distress syndrome (CARDS) toxins in nasopharyngeal aspirate, and serum CRP levels (P < 0.001; P = 0.006; P < 0.001). In conclusion, timely recognition of RMPP is crucial for enhancing prognosis. The identification of MRMP, coupled with proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-18, CARDS toxins, and CRP, emerges as promising markers with the potential to contribute significantly to diagnostic accuracy and prognosis assessment.
Topics: Child; Humans; Anti-Bacterial Agents; China; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Interleukin-18; Macrolides; Mycoplasma pneumoniae; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma; Respiratory Distress Syndrome; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 38453960
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55311-2