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MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly... Feb 2024
Topics: Child; Humans; Adolescent; United States; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma; Pandemics; COVID-19; Antibodies, Bacterial
PubMed: 38386615
DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7307a3 -
Epidemiology and Infection Feb 2024
Topics: Humans; Mycoplasma pneumoniae; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma; Disease Outbreaks
PubMed: 38380476
DOI: 10.1017/S0950268824000293 -
Veterinary Research Feb 2024A positive Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae PCR result in a clinical specimen may eventually represent the mere detection of non-viable bacteria, complicating the diagnostic...
A positive Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae PCR result in a clinical specimen may eventually represent the mere detection of non-viable bacteria, complicating the diagnostic interpretation. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the PCR detection of non-viable M. hyopneumoniae and its residual cell-free DNA in live pigs. Pigs were inoculated with either active or inactivated M. hyopneumoniae and were sampled for up to 14 days. Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae was not detected by PCR at any timepoint in pigs inoculated with the inactivated bacterium, suggesting that in healthy pigs, the non-viable M. hyopneumoniae DNA was rapidly sensed and cleared.
Topics: Animals; Swine; Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae; Pneumonia of Swine, Mycoplasmal; Respiratory System; Swine Diseases
PubMed: 38360700
DOI: 10.1186/s13567-024-01273-2 -
Frontiers in Pediatrics 2024To investigate the pathogenic characteristics and risk factors of pediatric severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP).
BACKGROUND
To investigate the pathogenic characteristics and risk factors of pediatric severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP).
METHODS
We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of hospitalized children with severe CAP from April 2014 to June 2019 in China. Data of age, sex and pathogenic results were collected: bacterial and fungal cultures, respiratory viruses from sputum or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), serum (MP)-IgM and -IgM, and BALF or blood (1-3)-β-D-glucan/galactomannan test.
RESULTS
A total of 679 children with severe CAP were included in the analysis. The number of cases infected with MP was higher in males than in females. There were significant differences between the ≤1-year and >1-year groups in terms of pathogen. The top three bacteria cultured were (57/679, 8.4%), (50/679, 7.4%), and (25/679, 3.7%). The top three viruses detected were adenovirus (AdV, 124/679, 18.3%), respiratory syncytial virus (24/679, 3.5%), and parainfluenza virus (21/679, 3.1%). AdV and MP were the leading pathogens, detected in 18.3% and 32.6% cases, respectively. MP infection increased the risk of AdV infection (OR 3.77, < 0.0001). MP infection was a risk factor for severe AdV-infected pneumonia, while sex, age, bacteria, , fungal, and AdV infections were risk factors for severe MP-infected pneumonia.
CONCLUSIONS
AdV and MP were dominant pathogens in children with severe CAP. AdV and MP infection predisposed each other to develop severe illness. AdV-MP co-infection may lead to severe pneumonia.
PubMed: 38357505
DOI: 10.3389/fped.2024.1337786 -
Epidemiology and Infection Feb 2024We report an outbreak of confirmed community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in Hospital, France, from 14 November 2023 to 31 January 2024. All 13 inpatients (11 adults with...
We report an outbreak of confirmed community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in Hospital, France, from 14 November 2023 to 31 January 2024. All 13 inpatients (11 adults with a mean age of 45.5 years and 2 children) were diagnosed with positive serology and/or positive reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) on respiratory specimens. All patients were immunocompetent and required oxygen support with a mean duration of oxygen support of 6.2 days. Two patients were transferred to the intensive care unit (ICU) but were not mechanically ventilated. Patients were treated with macrolides (n = 12, 92.3%) with recovery in all cases. No significant epidemiological link was reported in these patients.
Topics: Child; Adult; Humans; Middle Aged; Mycoplasma pneumoniae; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma; Community-Acquired Infections; Hospitals; Oxygen; France; Disease Outbreaks
PubMed: 38356388
DOI: 10.1017/S0950268824000281 -
The Lancet. Microbe Jun 2024
Topics: Humans; Mycoplasma pneumoniae; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma; Disease Outbreaks
PubMed: 38342111
DOI: 10.1016/S2666-5247(23)00406-8 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2023(MP) infection serves as a substantial cofactor in Kawasaki disease (KD) among patients. Although the dominant issue triggering KD has recently focused on MP infection,...
BACKGROUND
(MP) infection serves as a substantial cofactor in Kawasaki disease (KD) among patients. Although the dominant issue triggering KD has recently focused on MP infection, the complete demonstration of the relationship between MP infection and KD remains elusive. This study endeavors to scrutinize and compare the clinical manifestations and cardiac involvement between MP-triggered KD and non-infection-associated KD.
METHOD
This retrospective study (2023-039, approved by the Institutional Review Board of West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University) encompassed 247 consecutive patients diagnosed with KD between June 2017 and December 2022. Patients were categorized into two groups: the MP group (n = 38) and the non-MP group (n = 209). Univariable analysis was utilized to discern differences in clinical features, severity of inflammation, and initial or persistent cardiac complications between the two groups.
RESULTS
The MP group exhibited a more intricate clinical profile compared with the non-MP group, characterized by prolonged hospital stays, a higher incidence of incomplete KD, and elevated comorbidities. In addition, MP infection correlated with severe hematological disorders, coagulation dysfunction, and myocardial injuries. Our findings revealed that MP infection led to prolonged inflammation after initial treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin. Although initial cardiac assessments failed to discern disparities between the two groups, MP infection notably exacerbated coronary artery aneurysms (CAAs), resulting in sustained dilation.
CONCLUSIONS
Recognizing MP infection as a significant infectious factor associated with KD is imperative. In patients with KD, MP infection significantly prolongs inflammation and causes hematological disturbances during the initial treatment phase. Moreover, the presence of MP infection exacerbates the progression of CAAs and myocardial injuries during the subacute phase of KD, consequently contributing to the persistence of CAAs.
Topics: Humans; Retrospective Studies; Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome; Heart Diseases; Coronary Aneurysm; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma; Inflammation
PubMed: 38304251
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1310134 -
Infection and Drug Resistance 2024Sangju-Yin, supplemented with some drugs, has frequently demonstrated therapeutic efficacy against colds, albeit its effect on (MP) infection remains unknown....
PURPOSE
Sangju-Yin, supplemented with some drugs, has frequently demonstrated therapeutic efficacy against colds, albeit its effect on (MP) infection remains unknown. Therefore, we aimed to elucidate the treatment efficacy and influencing factors of a Sangju cough mixture on MP infection in adults.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
Between January 2021 and December 2022, 150 adult patients with MP infection at the Lishui Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated with Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine were assigned to the treatment (administered Sangju cough mixture and moxifloxacin tablets) or the control (administered moxifloxacin tablets) groups.
RESULTS
When compared with the control group, the treatment group exhibited significantly improved traditional Chinese medicine syndrome scores, increased CD4 T cell levels, and decreased CD8 T cell levels (all < 0.05). After 7 days of treatment, the negative conversion rate of the MP-specific immunoglobulin M (MP-IgM) antibody of the treatment group was not significantly different from that of the control group ( > 0.05); however, after 14 days of treatment, the rate was significantly higher in the treatment group ( < 0.05). The univariate regression analysis revealed that combined chronic respiratory disease, failure to take Sangju cough mixture, combined pneumonia, Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS 2002) score of at least 3 points, and age were associated with the negative conversion of the MP-IgM antibody (all < 0.05). Nevertheless, the multivariate regression model revealed that the NRS 2002 score of at least 3 points was not an independent risk factor ( > 0.05).
CONCLUSION
Sangju cough mixture can improve symptoms, accelerate the negative conversion time of MP-IgM antibody, and promote rehabilitation of the patients.
PubMed: 38298533
DOI: 10.2147/IDR.S438202 -
Veterinary Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) 2024Dairy farming faces a significant challenge of bacterial infections in dairy calves, which can have detrimental effects on their health and productivity. This review... (Review)
Review
Dairy farming faces a significant challenge of bacterial infections in dairy calves, which can have detrimental effects on their health and productivity. This review offers a comprehensive overview of the most prevalent bacterial infections in dairy calves, including , and . These pathogens can cause various clinical signs and symptoms, leading to diarrhea, respiratory distress, septicemia, and even mortality. Factors such as management practices, environmental conditions, and herd health influence the incidence and severity of the infections. Efficient management and prevention strategies include good colostrum and nutrient feeding, early detection, appropriate treatment, hygiene practices, and supportive care. Regular health monitoring and diagnostic tests facilitate early detection and intervention. The use of antibiotics should be judicious to prevent antimicrobial resistance and supportive care such as fluid therapy and nutritional support promotes recovery. Diagnostic methods, including immunological tests, culture, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and serology, aid in the identification of specific pathogens. This review also explores recent advancements in the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of bacterial infections in dairy calves, providing valuable insights for dairy farmers, veterinarians, and researchers. By synthesizing pertinent scientific literature, this review contributes to the development of effective strategies aimed at mitigating the impact of bacterial infections on the health, welfare, and productivity of young calves. Moreover, more research is required to enhance the understanding of the epidemiology and characterization of bacterial infections in dairy calves.
PubMed: 38288284
DOI: 10.2147/VMRR.S452925 -
Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) Dec 2023is an obligate intracellular parasite with felids, including domestic cats, as definitive hosts. In immunocompetent individuals, infection is usually asymptomatic....
is an obligate intracellular parasite with felids, including domestic cats, as definitive hosts. In immunocompetent individuals, infection is usually asymptomatic. However, under immunosuppression, it may have severe pathological impacts, which often result from the reactivation of a chronic infection. In this case study, a 21-month-old female domestic shorthair cat-diagnosed with primary immune-mediated hemolytic anemia three months prior and treated with cyclosporine and prednisolone-presented with acute tachypnea, dyspnea, diarrhea, and anorexia. Thoracic radiography suggested severe pneumonia. Testing for spp., spp., spp., and lungworm infection was negative. Serology for revealed seroconversion of IgG, but not of IgM, indicating previous exposure to . The cat remained stable but tachypneic for three days, followed by an acute onset of dyspnea and clinical deterioration, after which euthanasia was elected. Numerous protozoa were present in a postmortem transtracheal bronchoalveolar lavage and fine-needle aspiration of the lung. Microsatellite typing classified the extracted DNA as type II variant TgM-A. This case demonstrates that reactivation, leading to fulminant pneumonia, can be a sequela of immunosuppressive treatment in cats and should, therefore, be considered as a differential diagnosis in immunosuppressed cats with acute-onset respiratory signs. Rapid diagnosis may prevent fatal consequences.
PubMed: 38276153
DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13010007