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Indian Journal of Public Health Apr 2024Oropharyngeal cancers (OPCs) in Asia account for 42% of the global burden and over 50% of related deaths. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is involved in over 70% of OPC cases... (Review)
Review
Oropharyngeal cancers (OPCs) in Asia account for 42% of the global burden and over 50% of related deaths. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is involved in over 70% of OPC cases in the Western hemisphere, but its role in the Eastern hemisphere is unclear. This study reviews OPC epidemiology, including prevalence, etiological factors (such as smokeless tobacco and HPV), and their interaction. Among the SEAR countries, India had the highest incidence of HPV-related OPCs at 38.4%, while data were unavailable for most African countries, with only a 14% incidence reported. Conversely, the American region exhibited one of the highest HPV positivity rates, reaching up to 65% in different states of the USA, while Brazil reported an incidence of up to 38%. In the European Union, the UK had the highest incidence of HPV-associated OPC, reaching up to 52%. In the Western Pacific region, New Zealand demonstrated the highest incidence at up to 78%. Smokeless tobacco consumption was higher in SEAR countries, which had a relatively lower incidence of HPV infection, suggesting a negative correlation between the two. Based on our literature search, the most common detection methods used globally are immunohistochemistry for p16 and polymerized chain reaction. OPCs are a global health concern, and proper identification and classification are vital. HPV-driven cancers have better survival rates, emphasizing the need for focused research on specific problem areas based on the burden of HPV-positive or HPV-negative cancers.
Topics: Humans; Oropharyngeal Neoplasms; Papillomavirus Infections; Global Health; Incidence; Prognosis; Prevalence; Tobacco, Smokeless; Papillomaviridae; Human Papillomavirus Viruses
PubMed: 38953816
DOI: 10.4103/ijph.ijph_827_23 -
Indian Journal of Public Health Apr 2024Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine disorders largely affecting women of reproductive age group.
BACKGROUND
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine disorders largely affecting women of reproductive age group.
OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to understand the Indian public health-care systems' preparedness in addressing PCOS.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A multicentric rapid assessment cross-sectional study was undertaken among 173 health-care providers serving across various public health-care facilities in India. This study was a component of a larger task force study that aimed to estimate the community-based prevalence of PCOS in India. Information on PCOS cases reported that knowledge about PCOS diagnosis, management practices, availability of diagnostic facilities, and drugs was explored.
RESULTS
Irregular menstrual cycle was the most commonly reported PCOS symptom. Most of the health-care providers (HCPs) lacked correct knowledge about diagnostic criteria and investigation needed for the diagnosis of PCOS. Diagnostic facilities and drugs were inadequate. However, some facilities had access to investigations through public-private partnerships. Awareness programs on PCOS in the community were negligible, and PCOS cases were not documented. Training HCPs on PCOS along with the availability of specialists and strengthening diagnostic facilities were some major demands from the HCPs.
CONCLUSION
Results suggest the need for training HCPs, strengthening infrastructure with good referral linkages, and adequate supply of drugs to help improve PCOS management at public health-care facilities in India. There is a need to develop national technical and operational guidelines to address PCOS using a multidisciplinary approach across all levels of care. Creating demand for services and advocating healthy lifestyles through community awareness can help early diagnosis and prevention of complications.
Topics: Humans; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; Female; India; Cross-Sectional Studies; Health Personnel; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Adult; Male
PubMed: 38953803
DOI: 10.4103/ijph.ijph_15_23 -
Ugeskrift For Laeger Jun 2024
PubMed: 38953690
DOI: 10.61409/V72034 -
The Chinese Journal of Dental Research Jun 2024To find efficient cuproptosis-related biomarkers to explore the oncogenesis and progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).
OBJECTIVE
To find efficient cuproptosis-related biomarkers to explore the oncogenesis and progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).
METHODS
All the original data were downloaded from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Univariate Cox analysis and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis were used to identify the gene related to survival. Tumor Immune Estimation Resource 2.0 (TIMER 2.0) was used to reveal the different expression of cuproptosis-related gene lipoyltransferase 1 (LIPT1) in various kinds of tumours.
RESULTS
LIPT1, as a cuproptosis-related gene, was found to be differentially expressed in the OSCC group and the control group. It was also found to be related to the prognosis of OSCC. Pan cancer analysis showed LIPT1 was also involved in various kinds of tumours.
CONCLUSION
All the results demonstrate that the cuproptosis-related gene LIPT1 is highly involved in the oncogenesis and progression of OSCC. These findings give new insight for further research into the cuproptosis-related biomarkers in OSCC.
Topics: Humans; Mouth Neoplasms; Biomarkers, Tumor; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Prognosis; Acyltransferases; Kaplan-Meier Estimate
PubMed: 38953478
DOI: 10.3290/j.cjdr.b5459587 -
Cancer Medicine Jul 2024Sarcopenic obesity (SO) in patients with gastrointestinal cancer is associated with a poor prognosis. We aimed to investigate the prognostic impact of SO in patients...
BACKGROUND
Sarcopenic obesity (SO) in patients with gastrointestinal cancer is associated with a poor prognosis. We aimed to investigate the prognostic impact of SO in patients with gastrointestinal cancer, as well as the diagnostic cut-off value of SO in patients with gastrointestinal cancer among Chinese population.
METHODS
We conducted a consecutive cohort study. Between January 2017 and January 2019, 289 patients diagnosed with gastrointestinal cancer were included in our study. Skeletal muscle area, total fat area, and subcutaneous fat area were measured by CT scan. All patients were followed up for 5 years. Receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC) were adopted to determine the cut-off values of visceral fat obesity for the prediction of sarcopenia. Based on the cut-off values, patients with sarcopenia combined with visceral fat obesity were divided into the SO group, and the others were divided into the non-sarcopenic obesity (NSO) group. Kaplan-Meier curves and univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard models were employed to explore the associations of body composition profiles with 5-year overall survival and disease-specific survival.
RESULTS
Obtained from Youden's Index for ROC for the prediction of 5-year survival, skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) ≤40.02 cm/m with VFA ≥ 126.30 cm in men and SMI ≤32.05 cm/m with VFA ≥72.42 cm in women indicate a risk of poor prognosis in patients diagnosed with gastrointestinal cancer. Patients with SO had poorer 5-year overall survival (OS) than patients with NSO (6.74% vs. 82.84%, p < 0.001), and poorer 5-year DFS (6.74% vs. 81.82%, p < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, we found that the long-term mortality risk was approximately 13-fold higher among patients in the SO group compared to those with no conditions.
CONCLUSIONS
Preoperative assessment of SO is useful not only for monitoring nutritional status but also for predicting 5-year OS in gastrointestinal cancer patients.
Topics: Humans; Sarcopenia; Male; Female; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms; Prognosis; Middle Aged; Obesity; Aged; Body Composition; ROC Curve; Muscle, Skeletal; Kaplan-Meier Estimate; Intra-Abdominal Fat
PubMed: 38953401
DOI: 10.1002/cam4.7452 -
Cancer Medicine Jul 2024Lenvatinib (LEN) and atezolizumab + bevacizumab (A + B) have drastically changed the treatment paradigm for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Before these... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
BACKGROUND
Lenvatinib (LEN) and atezolizumab + bevacizumab (A + B) have drastically changed the treatment paradigm for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Before these landmark trials, sorafenib (SOR) served as the standard first-line treatment for a decade. Our study aimed to assess the outcomes of HCC patients treated during the SOR era (2008-2018) in contrast to those in the post-SOR era (2018-2021), of which the predominant first-line treatments were LEN or A + B.
METHODS
Inclusion criteria of the study were all HCC patients in the Canadian province of Alberta who started first-line systemic therapy at cancer centers between 1 January 2008 and 31 December 2021. Survival outcomes, including overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS), along with clinician-assessed response rate (RR), were subject to retrospective analysis.
RESULTS
Of 372 total patients, 230 received treatment in the SOR era and 142 in the post-SOR era. The demographic and clinical characteristics for the SOR era and post-SOR era groups are as follows, respectively: the median age was 63 and 64 years, 80% and 81% were male, and 24% and 11% were of East Asian ethnicity. Before receiving systemic treatment, 40% and 33% received TACE, 7% and 9% received TARE, and 3% and 14% received SBRT in the two eras, respectively. In the post-SOR era, patients received A + B (23%), LEN (51%), and SOR (23%) as first-line treatment. There was a statistically significant improvement in RR (15% vs. 26%; p = 0.02), median PFS (3.8 months vs. 7.9 months; p < 0.0001), and median OS (9.8 months vs. 17.0 months; p < 0.0001).
CONCLUSIONS
In this retrospective multicenter real-world study, HCC patients treated in the post-SOR era, where LEN and A + B were commonly used first-line treatments, exhibited superior OS, PFS, and RR compared to patients treated in the SOR era. The findings of this study affirm the tangible progress achieved in the real world in enhancing outcomes for HCC patients through advancements in treatments over the past 15 years.
Topics: Humans; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Liver Neoplasms; Quinolines; Phenylurea Compounds; Male; Female; Middle Aged; Sorafenib; Retrospective Studies; Aged; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Progression-Free Survival; Bevacizumab; Treatment Outcome; Immunotherapy
PubMed: 38953381
DOI: 10.1002/cam4.7415 -
MBio Jul 2024Dimorphism is known among the etiologic agents of endemic mycoses as well as in filamentous . Under appropriate thermal conditions, mononuclear yeast forms alternate...
Dimorphism is known among the etiologic agents of endemic mycoses as well as in filamentous . Under appropriate thermal conditions, mononuclear yeast forms alternate with multi-nucleate hyphae. Here, we describe a dimorphic mucoralean fungus obtained from the sputum of a patient with Burkitt lymphoma and ongoing graft-versus-host reactions. The fungus is described as sp. nov. Laboratory studies were performed to simulate temperature-dependent dimorphism, with two environmental strains and as controls. Both strains could be induced to form multinucleate arthrospores and subsequent yeast-like cells . Multilateral yeast cells emerge in all three at elevated temperatures. This morphological transformation appears to occur at body temperature since the yeast-like cells were observed in the lungs of our immunocompromised patient. The microscopic appearance of the yeast-like cells in the clinical samples is easily confused with that of . The ecological role of yeast forms in is discussed.IMPORTANCEMucormycosis is a devastating disease with high morbidity and mortality in susceptible patients. Accurate diagnosis is required for timely clinical management since antifungal susceptibility differs between species. Irregular hyphal elements are usually taken as the hallmark of mucormycosis, but here, we show that some species may also produce yeast-like cells, potentially being mistaken for or . We demonstrate that the dimorphic transition is common in species and can be driven by many factors. The multi-nucleate yeast-like cells provide an effective parameter to distinguish mucoralean infections from similar yeast-like species in clinical samples.
PubMed: 38953355
DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00144-24 -
Cancer Medicine Jul 2024Recent studies provide compelling evidence linking the gut microbiota to most cancers. Nevertheless, further research is required to establish a definitive causal...
BACKGROUND
Recent studies provide compelling evidence linking the gut microbiota to most cancers. Nevertheless, further research is required to establish a definitive causal relationship between the gut microbiota and malignant cardiac tumors.
METHODS
The genome-wide association studies (GWAS) data on the human gut Microbiota, included in the IEU Open GWAS project, was initially collected by the MiBioGen consortium. It encompasses 14,306 individuals and comprises a total of 5,665,279 SNPs. Similarly, the GWAS data on malignant cardiac tumors, also sourced from the IEU Open GWAS project, was initially stored in the finnGen database, including 16,380,303 SNPs observed within a cohort of 174,108 individuals within the European population. Utilizing a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) methodology, we examined whether there exists a causal association between the gut microbiota and cardiac tumors. Additionally, to bolster the credibility and robustness of the identified causal relationships, we conducted an extensive array of sensitivity analyses, encompassing Cochran's Q test, MR-PRESSO tests, MR-Egger interpret test, directionality test and leave-one-out analysis.
RESULTS
Our analysis unveiled seven distinct causal associations between genetic susceptibility in the gut microbiota and the incidence of malignant cardiac tumors. Among these, the Family Rikenellaceae, genus Eubacterium brachy group, and genus Ruminococcaceae UCG009 exhibited an elevated risk of cardiac tumors, while the phylum Verrucomicrobia, genus Lactobacillus, genus Ruminiclostridium5, and an unknown genus id.1868 were genetically linked to a reduced risk of cardiac tumors. The causal relationship between these two bacteria, belonging to the phylum Verrucomicrobia (OR = 0.178, 95% CI: 0.052-0.614, p = 0.006) and the genus Ruminococcaceae UCG009 (OR = 3.071, 95% CI: 1.236-7.627, p = 0.016), and cardiac tumors was further validated through sensitivity analyses, reinforcing the robustness and reliability of the observed associations.
CONCLUSION
Our MR analysis confirms that the phylum Verrucomicrobia displays significant protection against cardiac tumor, and the genus Ruminococcaceae UCG009 leads to an increasing risk of cardiac tumor.
Topics: Humans; Mendelian Randomization Analysis; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Genome-Wide Association Study; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Heart Neoplasms; Risk Factors
PubMed: 38953300
DOI: 10.1002/cam4.7455 -
Zhongguo Yi Xue Ke Xue Yuan Xue Bao.... Jun 2024Intraspinal metastasis from malignant carcinomas in other body parts is rarely reported.Intraspinal metastases are often epidural,with primary tumors mostly from the...
Intraspinal metastasis from malignant carcinomas in other body parts is rarely reported.Intraspinal metastases are often epidural,with primary tumors mostly from the lung and prostate.The extramedullary subdural metastasis of thymic carcinoma is particularly rare and prone to misdiagnosis due to overlapping imaging features with primary intraspinal tumors.This article reports one case of intraspinal metastasis of thymic carcinoma,with the main diagnostic clues including a history of thymic carcinoma,fast growth rate,and irregular shape.
Topics: Humans; Thymus Neoplasms; Male; Thymoma; Spinal Neoplasms; Middle Aged
PubMed: 38953272
DOI: 10.3881/j.issn.1000-503X.15805 -
Zhongguo Yi Xue Ke Xue Yuan Xue Bao.... Jun 2024Intestinal mantle cell lymphoma complicated with intussusception is rare in clinical practice,lacking specific clinical manifestations.CT and colonoscopy are helpful for...
Intestinal mantle cell lymphoma complicated with intussusception is rare in clinical practice,lacking specific clinical manifestations.CT and colonoscopy are helpful for the diagnosis of this disease,which need to be distinguished from colorectal cancer,Crohn's disease,and other pathological subtypes of lymphoma.The diagnosis still needs to be confirmed by pathological examination.This paper reports a case of intestinal mantle cell lymphoma complicated with ileocecal intussusception in an adult,aiming to improve the clinical and imaging doctors' understanding of this disease.
Topics: Humans; Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell; Intussusception; Male; Ileal Diseases; Intestinal Neoplasms; Middle Aged; Ileocecal Valve
PubMed: 38953271
DOI: 10.3881/j.issn.1000-503X.15783