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Cureus Feb 2024Introduction is an edible fruit that contains numerous significant bioactive compounds that hold important biological properties and are categorized as nutraceuticals...
Introduction is an edible fruit that contains numerous significant bioactive compounds that hold important biological properties and are categorized as nutraceuticals owing to the health benefits it imparts including decreasing the risk of chronic diseases like diabetes mellitus, cancer, heart disease, and many other diseases. The objective of the present research was to explore the antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory characteristics of the aqueous raspberry extract through in vitro assays. Materials and methods aqueous extract was prepared and examined for its antimicrobial activity against bacteria and fungi using the agar-well diffusion method, and the antioxidant activity was evaluated using the DPPH (2, 2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl hydrate) radical scavenging assay and the hydrogen peroxide radical scavenging assay. The anti-inflammatory activity of the prepared extract was investigated using bovine serum albumin (BSA) and egg albumin denaturation assays. Results fruit extract displayed strong antimicrobial activity at a higher concentration of 100 µL with a 26 mm zone of inhibition against and 24 mm for The extract showed 87.42% hydrogen peroxide free radical scavenging activity and inhibited 91.12% DPPH free radicals at the highest concentration of 50 µg/mL. The extract showed effective anti-inflammatory activity by preventing the denaturation of bovine serum albumin (80%) and egg albumin proteins (77%) at the highest concentration of 50 μg/mL. The free radical scavenging activity positively correlates with the increased concentration of the prepared extract against DPPH and hydrogen peroxide free radicals, thus showing the raspberry extract's potent antioxidant activity. Similarly, the anti-inflammatory assay result shows that the prepared raspberry aqueous extract has excellent anti-inflammatory activity by preventing the denaturation of bovine serum albumin and egg albumin protein in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion The meticulously prepared raspberry extract exhibited noteworthy antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory characteristics, and owing to its astounding therapeutic benefits it holds a tremendous promise as a natural alternative in the field of oral medicine especially in the management of oral mucosal lesions, oral potentially malignant lesions such as lichen planus and leukoplakia, candidiasis, oral cancer and oral mucositis. Further animal studies and clinical trials are recommended to fully reap the therapeutics potential of raspberry extract.
PubMed: 38481926
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.54045 -
MBio Apr 2024The emergence and evolutionary path of auris poses an intriguing scientific enigma. Its isolation from a pet dog's oral cavity in Kansas, reported by White et al. (T....
The emergence and evolutionary path of auris poses an intriguing scientific enigma. Its isolation from a pet dog's oral cavity in Kansas, reported by White et al. (T. C. White, B. D. Esquivel, E. M. Rouse Salcido, A. M. Schweiker, et al., mBio 15:e03080-23, 2024, https://doi.org/10.1128/mbio.03080-23), carries significant implications. This discovery intensifies concerns about its hypothetical capacity for zoonotic transmission, particularly considering the dog's extensive human contact and the absence of secondary animal/human cases in both animals and humans. The findings challenge established notions of transmissibility and underscore the need for further investigation into the transmission dynamics, especially zooanthroponotic pathways. It raises concerns about its adaptability in different hosts and environments, highlighting potential role of environmental and animal reservoirs in its dissemination. Critical points include the evolving thermal tolerance and the genetic divergence in the isolate. This case exemplifies the necessity for an integrated One Health approach, combining human, animal, and environmental health perspectives, to unravel the complexities of 's emergence and behavior.
Topics: Dogs; Humans; Animals; Candida; Candidiasis; Candida auris; Kansas; Climate Change; Fungi; Zoonoses; Mouth
PubMed: 38477572
DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00146-24 -
Journal of Investigative Medicine High... 2024Cases of vulvovaginitis caused by genus are exceedingly uncommon, with only a handful of instances having been described for this causative species. This report...
Cases of vulvovaginitis caused by genus are exceedingly uncommon, with only a handful of instances having been described for this causative species. This report describes a rare case of vulvovaginitis suspected to be caused by in a 58-year-old woman residing in an urban area of Hanoi city, Vietnam. The patient with a 10-year history of depression and type 2 diabetes mellitus was admitted to the hospital due to vulvar itching and vaginal discharge. Vaginal swabs confirmed the presence of a yeast infection by direct microscopic examination with 10% KOH and culture on CHROMagar Candida. The yeast was identified as using genetic sequencing tools. The patient's treatment plan involved topical clotrimazole and a daily oral dose of 200 mg of itraconazole for 7 days. This comprehensive treatment approach resulted in the patient's full recovery. This is the first reported case of vulvovaginitis attributed to in humans worldwide.
Topics: Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Vietnam; Vulvovaginitis; Basidiomycota
PubMed: 38462914
DOI: 10.1177/23247096241237756 -
Medical Mycology Case Reports Mar 2024is emerging as a highly resistant species of the complex causing invasive and mucocutaneous infections. In this study, three cases of vulvovaginal candidiasis caused...
is emerging as a highly resistant species of the complex causing invasive and mucocutaneous infections. In this study, three cases of vulvovaginal candidiasis caused by are described and identified by Internal Transcribed Spacer 1-2 sequencing. All isolates were susceptible in vitro to anidulafungin, micafungin, caspofungin, 5-flucytosine, posaconazole, voriconazole, itraconazole, amphotericin B, and showed dose-dependent susceptibility to fluconazole. In two patients, three doses of oral fluconazole were effective, while one patient developed clinical fluconazole resistance with a new relapse after 6 months. Increasing the weekly dose of fluconazole showed to be effective in this patient.
PubMed: 38444800
DOI: 10.1016/j.mmcr.2024.100640 -
Dental and Medical Problems 2024Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease with various oral manifestations, including ulceration, white keratotic plaques, oral discoid lupus...
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease with various oral manifestations, including ulceration, white keratotic plaques, oral discoid lupus erythematosus, oral lichen planus (OLP)-like lesions, non-specific erythema, purpura, petechiae, and cheilitis, which resemble lesions of other systemic diseases. Recognizing the oral manifestation of SLE is essential for comprehensive patient management. This study reports 4 cases of SLE with various oral lesions, underlying conditions and diagnostic methods.In September 2019, 2 adult SLE patients and 2 juvenile SLE patients were consulted at the Oral Medicine Clinic. The assessment of systemic diseases was conducted by the Internal Medicine and Pediatrics resident, whereas the Oral Medicine resident performed the intraoral examinations. The medical history, clinical findings and laboratory results were analyzed to establish the diagnosis.The first patient was a 38-year-old female presenting with multiple white keratotic plaques throughout the mucosa, an OLP-like lesion on the right buccal mucosa, petechiae on the hard palate, and petechiae and purpura on the upper and lower extremities. The second case was a 24-year-old female with a malar rash and multiple ulcerations on the vermilion zone, an OLP-like lesion on the left buccal mucosa, and a palatal ulcer. The third and fourth cases were 16-year-old females with a prominent butterfly rash. The patients presented with acute pseudomembranous candidiasis, an aphthous-like ulcer and keratotic plaques. They received antimicrobial therapy for the intraoral lesions and showed promising results.The oral lesions in adultand juvenile-onset SLE patients varied depending on the disease severity and treatment received.
Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Child; Young Adult; Adolescent; Ulcer; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Mouth Mucosa; Purpura; Exanthema
PubMed: 38441309
DOI: 10.17219/dmp/132242 -
PLoS Pathogens Mar 2024The opportunistic fungal pathogen Candida albicans thrives on human mucosal surfaces as a harmless commensal, but frequently causes infections under certain predisposing...
The opportunistic fungal pathogen Candida albicans thrives on human mucosal surfaces as a harmless commensal, but frequently causes infections under certain predisposing conditions. Translocation across the intestinal barrier into the bloodstream by intestine-colonizing C. albicans cells serves as the main source of disseminated candidiasis. However, the host and microbial mechanisms behind this process remain unclear. In this study we identified fungal and host factors specifically involved in infection of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) using dual-RNA sequencing. Our data suggest that host-cell damage mediated by the peptide toxin candidalysin-encoding gene ECE1 facilitates fungal zinc acquisition. This in turn is crucial for the full virulence potential of C. albicans during infection. IECs in turn exhibit a filamentation- and damage-specific response to C. albicans infection, including NFκB, MAPK, and TNF signaling. NFκB activation by IECs limits candidalysin-mediated host-cell damage and mediates maintenance of the intestinal barrier and cell-cell junctions to further restrict fungal translocation. This is the first study to show that candidalysin-mediated damage is necessary for C. albicans nutrient acquisition during infection and to explain how IECs counteract damage and limit fungal translocation via NFκB-mediated maintenance of the intestinal barrier.
Topics: Humans; Candida albicans; Zinc; Candidiasis; Epithelial Cells; Intestines
PubMed: 38427950
DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1012031 -
Clinical Oral Investigations Mar 2024To investigate the oral manifestations in women of reproductive age using hormonal contraceptive methods. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
To investigate the oral manifestations in women of reproductive age using hormonal contraceptive methods.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This review is based on the PRISMA statement. A literature search incorporated observational studies from the last 21 years. An investigative question was formulated using the PICO model, studies were selected, and a quality analysis was performed using the modified STROBE guidelines. A bibliometric analysis was performed, and the data were examined.
RESULTS
Thirteen articles were included, with the majority evaluating periodontal status. Others analyzed factors such as the presence of alveolar osteitis, oral candidiasis, and salivary microbiome dysbiosis. Ten articles were deemed to have a low risk of bias.
CONCLUSIONS
Hormonal contraceptives may increase the risk of alveolar osteitis following tooth extraction and increase the presence of the Candida species in the oral cavity. They also affect the periodontium, such as the frequent development of gingivitis, but do not lead to changes in the salivary microbiome.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
The increasing number of women using hormonal contraceptives and the knowledge that these contraceptives can produce oral cavity alterations underscore the need to evaluate the oral manifestations found in these women.
Topics: Female; Humans; Dry Socket; Contraceptives, Oral, Hormonal; Periodontium; Gingivitis; Contraception
PubMed: 38427087
DOI: 10.1007/s00784-024-05573-x -
Journal of Oral Microbiology 2023is a normal resident of the human oral cavity. It is also the most common fungal pathogen, causing various oral diseases, particularly in immunocompromised individuals....
is a normal resident of the human oral cavity. It is also the most common fungal pathogen, causing various oral diseases, particularly in immunocompromised individuals. Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHG) is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent widely used in dental practice and has been recommended to treat oral candidiasis. However, its action mechanism against the fungal pathogen remains poorly understood. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of CHG at sub-lethal concentrations against . CHG inhibited the growth of in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Cells treated with CHG exhibited altered membrane permeability, reduced metabolic activity, and enhanced metal ion and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. Copper-sensing transcription factor Mac1, iron-sensing transcription factors Sfu1 and Sef2, and copper transporter Ctr1 regulated intracellular metal ion and ROS homeostasis in response to CHG. Deletion of , , or increased intracellular ROS production and cell susceptibility to CHG. This study revealed a novel mechanism by which CHG induced apoptosis of cells through the disruption of metal ion and ROS homeostasis, which may help to identify new targets for fungal infections.
PubMed: 38415078
DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2023.2278937 -
Infection and Drug Resistance 2024The clinical manifestation of superficial candidiasis varies depending on the infectious sites and causative species that brings a great challenge to diagnose or treat...
The clinical manifestation of superficial candidiasis varies depending on the infectious sites and causative species that brings a great challenge to diagnose or treat without mycological or pathological evidence in clinical settings. Oral mucosal candidiasis and onychomycosis are most common types of superficial candidiasis. Typically, oral mucosal candidiasis manifests as white or erythematous thrush coated on the tongue and other interior oral cavity; and onychomycosis caused by spp. presents with thick, fragile, or cracked fingernails or toenails in yellow or white discoloration. Here, we report one case of patient with a black hairy tongue caused by and one case of greenish discolored onychomycosis caused by . The cases of superficial candidiasis with the same discolored lesions were searched in literature and compared with our cases in clinical manifestation, causative pathogen and treatment. These cases highlight the importance of mycological diagnosis for identifying non- species (NCAC) in superficial infections to guide an effective therapy.
PubMed: 38405052
DOI: 10.2147/IDR.S438079 -
Pharmaceutics Feb 2024This research aimed to develop miconazole-based microemulsions using oleic acid as a natural lipophilic phase and a stabilizer mixture comprising Tween 20 and PEG 400 to...
This research aimed to develop miconazole-based microemulsions using oleic acid as a natural lipophilic phase and a stabilizer mixture comprising Tween 20 and PEG 400 to solubilize miconazole as an antifungal agent known for its activity in oral candidiasis and to improve its bioavailability. The formulation and preparation process was combined with a mathematical approach using a 2-full factorial plan. Fluid and gel-like microemulsions were obtained and analyzed considering pH, conductivity, and refractive index, followed by extensive analyses focused on droplet size, zeta potential, rheological behavior, and goniometry. In vitro release tests were performed to assess their biopharmaceutical characteristics. Independent variables coded X-Oleic acid (%, /), X-Tween 20 (%, /), and X-PEG 400 (%, /) were analyzed in relationship with three main outputs like mean droplet size, work of adhesion, and diffusion coefficient by combining statistical tools with response surface methodology. The microemulsion containing miconazole base-2%, oleic acid-5%, Tween 20-40%, PEG 400-20%, and water-33% exhibited a mean droplet size of 119.6 nm, a work of adhesion of 71.98 mN/m, a diffusion coefficient of 2.11·10 cm/s, and together with remarked attributes of two gel-like systems formulated with higher oil concentrations, modeled the final optimization step of microemulsions as potential systems for buccal delivery.
PubMed: 38399325
DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16020271