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Acta Stomatologica Croatica Mar 2024To compare three different orthodontic adhesives (Transbond XT Light Cure Adhesive, Heliosit Orthodontic, Fuji Ortho LC) bonded to two types of orthodontic brackets:...
OBJECTIVES
To compare three different orthodontic adhesives (Transbond XT Light Cure Adhesive, Heliosit Orthodontic, Fuji Ortho LC) bonded to two types of orthodontic brackets: ceramic brackets (Fascination Roth 0.22) and metallic brackets (Topic Roth 0.22, Dentaurum).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The study was performed on 18 human teeth (6 for each adhesive). The prepared teeth were divided into three groups according to the examination time. Subsequently, they were observed after 1, 2 and 3 weeks following bonding. After the experimental procedure, the teeth samples were cut in half along the longitudinal axis in the vestibulo-oral direction, fixed with conductive carbon cement, placed in a high-vacuum evaporator and then coated with carbon. One half of each sample was observed under a Field-emission gun scanning electron microscope (FEG-SEM Hitachi SU 8030, Japan), while on the second half of the samples qualitative (X-ray line-scans) and semi-quantitative point X-ray energy dispersive analyses (EDX) were performed with Thermo Noran (USA) NSS System 7, equipped with Ultra Dry detector (30 mm window).
RESULTS
Transbond XT had an ideal bond with the enamel and the bracket base, with rare presence of microgaps and cracks in the enamel. Heliosit Orthodontic demonstrated a better bond relationship with the bracket base than the enamel, whereas in the latter the presence of microgaps in the bond was observed. The microphotographs of Fuji Ortho LC demonstrated many cracks inside the adhesive, and some of them continued to move forward into the enamel surface. Therefore, an impression of a very solid bond relationship with the enamel exists, with cracks being present in the enamel surface and never at the enamel-adhesive interface. Microgaps also appeared at the bracket-adhesive interface.
CONCLUSION
Transbond XT is a highly filled composite resin and is an ideal orthodontic adhesive in each aspect examined, with an ideal enamel-adhesive and bracket-adhesive interface. Heliosit Orthodontic provides better bracket-adhesive interface compared to the enamel. Fuji Ortho LC as a solid resin-modified GIC provides a better enamel-adhesive interface, compared to the bracket base.
PubMed: 38562221
DOI: 10.15644/asc58/1/2 -
International Journal of Clinical... Jan 2024The present review was conducted to test whether the addition of titanium dioxide (TiO) nanoparticles (NPs) within orthodontic bracket adhesives would alter their... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
The present review was conducted to test whether the addition of titanium dioxide (TiO) nanoparticles (NPs) within orthodontic bracket adhesives would alter their properties and assess their antimicrobial activity against cariogenic microorganisms in addition to noteworthy mechanical properties.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Using predetermined inclusion criteria, an electronic search was conducted using Dissertations and Thesis Global, the Web of Science, Cochrane, Scopus, and Medline/PubMed. Specific terms were utilized while searching the database.
RESULTS
Only seven of the 10 included studies assessed shear bond strength (SBS). The mean SBS among the control group varied from 9.43 ± 3.03 MPa to 34.4 ± 6.7 MPa in the included studies, while in the experimental group, it varied from 6.33 ± 1.51 MPa to 25.05 ± 0.5 MPa. Antibacterial activity was assessed in five of the 10 included studies using TiO NPs, which could easily diffuse through bacterial media to form the growth inhibition zone.
CONCLUSION
Antibacterial NPs added to orthodontic adhesives at a concentration of 1-5 wt% inhibit bacterial growth and have no effect on bond strength.
HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE
D Tivanani MVD, Mulakala V, Keerthi VS. Antibacterial Properties and Shear Bond Strength of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Incorporated into an Orthodontic Adhesive: A Systematic Review. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2024;17(1):102-108.
PubMed: 38559855
DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-2729 -
Cureus Mar 2024Achieving the proper buccolingual inclination of teeth is a cornerstone in orthodontic treatment, directly impacting the attainment of ideal occlusal relationships and...
BACKGROUND
Achieving the proper buccolingual inclination of teeth is a cornerstone in orthodontic treatment, directly impacting the attainment of ideal occlusal relationships and long-term stability. A practical torque expression that moves the tooth in its proper position across all three planes is imperative to finish orthodontic cases optimally. The primary focus of this research is to investigate Burstone's hypothesis about Warren torque springs when applied to the rectangular wire. Additionally, it examines the hypothesis of rounding these wires in between the bracket wings of the target tooth to be moved. This study aims to determine whether the rounding of wires, in conjunction with the use of torque springs, influences orthodontic outcomes, addressing a notable gap in current literature and resolving controversies in orthodontic practice.
METHODS
A three-dimensional set of maxillary teeth was modeled. A 0.022" MiniSprint™ brackets and Stainless steel archwires of 0.019" × 0.025" and 0.017" × 0.025" (Forestadent, Pforzheim, Germany) were generated. Warren torque spring was modeled and used in the simulation on the upper right central incisor. Four case scenarios were simulated. In two scenarios, the archwires were untouched for both archwire sizes. In comparison, in the other two scenarios, each archwire size was rounded for the upper right maxillary incisor bracket area. Stresses in the Warren torque springs were calculated, the root tip displacement in the four scenarios was measured in millimeters, and both were analyzed.
RESULTS
The root tip displacement was highly affected by rounding the archwire. The increase in root tip displacement was 1538% for the Warren torque spring on 0.019" × 0.025" and 783% for 0.017" × 0.025". The amount of root tip displacement was about 18.8 mm for 0.017" × 0.025" with rounding and 12.2 mm for 0.019" × 0.025". The concentration of the stresses in the Warren torque spring was in the neck of the spring next to the coils.
CONCLUSION
Rounding the archwires while using the Warren torque spring on a rectangular archwire will increase the efficiency of the spring and, in turn, will exhibit more torque on the tooth. Smaller dimensions of rectangular archwires will give more torque in conjunction with Warren torque springs compared to larger sizes of archwires.
PubMed: 38559510
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.57292 -
Turkish Journal of Orthodontics Mar 2024The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) therapy on pain during the debonding procedure.
OBJECTIVE
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) therapy on pain during the debonding procedure.
METHODS
A placebo-controlled, randomized split - mouth study was conducted on 30 orthodontic patients. The right and left anterior teeth in the maxilla and mandible were randomly allocated to the control and experimental groups (EG) and were stimulated. TENS application was made through a modified electrode probe that was used from an ammeter. The control group (CG) received the mechanical application of the device with no current, whereas the EG received progressively increasing current from 0.1 mA to the point where the patient experienced a mild tingling sensation for 60 s for each tooth. This was followed by a debonding procedure using an orthodontic debonding plier. Pain perception was recorded on a numerical rating scale after debonding each tooth.
RESULTS
The mean pain score was higher in the CG than in the EG, and the difference between the two groups was significant (p=0.001). The pain score was higher in the mandibular teeth than in the maxillary teeth, and the difference between the two groups was also significant (p=0.021). Pain score was higher in female subjects than in male subjects, and the difference between the two groups was significant (p=0.015).
CONCLUSION
The application of TENS therapy results in pain reduction during the debonding procedure. The female subjects experienced more pain. Higher pain scores were recorded for the mandibular anterior teeth than for the maxillary teeth.
PubMed: 38556953
DOI: 10.4274/TurkJOrthod.2023.2022.134 -
Cureus Feb 2024Background This study aimed to determine the antibacterial properties of orthodontic adhesive infused with stannous oxide nanoparticles (NPs) against and bacteria,...
Background This study aimed to determine the antibacterial properties of orthodontic adhesive infused with stannous oxide nanoparticles (NPs) against and bacteria, along with assessing the shear bond strength (SBS) of this composite when compared to conventional, non-infused composites. Methods A concentration of 1% w/w tin dioxide NPs (SnO NPs) was added to Transbond XT Orthodontic Adhesive. This modified composite material was used to prepare composite discs for the evaluation of its antibacterial properties against bacteria and bacteria using the biofilm inhibition test. To evaluate the SBS of this modified adhesive material, 50 extracted premolar teeth were collected and divided into two groups, with 25 teeth in each group (n = 25). Orthodontic stainless steel brackets were bonded to these extracted teeth using the modified composite. A comparative analysis of the SBS of the nano-infused composite group was then performed against that of the control group using an Instron universal testing machine. Results Growth inhibition zones were produced around the composite discs infused with SnO NPs for both bacterial strains. After performing the biofilm inhibition test, it can be inferred that the nano-infused composite is capable of inhibiting the bacterial count better than the control group. A statistically significant difference was observed between the two groups, with the SBS of the nano-infused composite being higher (16.89 MPa) than the non-infused composite adhesive (15.49 MPa). Conclusion The antibacterial activity of orthodontic composites modified with SnO NPs was significant compared with conventional composites. The control group showed less SBS when compared to the NP-infused composite, with a statistically significant difference in mean SBS values between both groups.
PubMed: 38550454
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.54977 -
Cureus Feb 2024Background With the advent of 3D printing, many more possibilities have arisen for treatment planning. 3D rapid prototyping has enabled us to see a whole other dimension...
Background With the advent of 3D printing, many more possibilities have arisen for treatment planning. 3D rapid prototyping has enabled us to see a whole other dimension that has helped us to give the best possible care for our patients. With more and more advancements being made in this subject, it becomes necessary to check the reliability of the equipment and its effectiveness in the management of the problem at hand. This original study was conducted with the aim of checking the accuracy, dimensional stability, and reliability of orthodontic retainers made on a conventional and digitally fabricated model over a six-month period after debonding. Material and methods The patients were selected from those who have completed fixed orthodontic mechanotherapy from the Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Sri Amritsar. Fifty patients received a clear retainer, which was fabricated for the upper and lower arch after removing the brackets. Patients were included in this study irrespective of their age groups. The manual method used a vacuum-forming machine to fabricate six retainers on stone models. In the digital method, new impressions were taken after three months, and digital models were obtained through 3D scanning and printing, followed by clear retainer fabrication. The data were gathered through a systematic process involving manual and digital methods for clear retainer fabrication and subsequent evaluation. The data obtained was computed for statistical evaluation and comparison. Results Mean and standard deviations of conventional (manual) and digital variables in the two groups were calculated. An ANOVA test was used to evaluate statistically significant differences for mesiodistal width and buccolingual width, and a post hoc Tuckey test was applied for multiple comparisons. The results indicated that most mesiodistal and buccolingual width measurements showed non-significant variations and exhibited a good correlation. Extraction space opening, assessed through an independent t-test for both the maxilla and mandible, also yielded non-significant and comparable results. Additionally, intra-operator and inter-operator measurements using a digital caliper demonstrated high agreement. Intra-class correlation (ICC) values exceeded 0.75, and inter-operator ICC results reflected a high level of agreement ranging from 0.8 to 0.99. Conclusion The primary objective of this study was to establish a correlation between the accuracy, dependability, and clinical efficacy of orthodontic retainers produced using both conventional and digitally created models. This investigation spanned a duration of six months following the removal of orthodontic brackets. The results showed that most of the statistically significant values were due to the inherent potential of the 3D printer for polymerization shrinkage, which, being a stereolithographic 3D printer, had a potential for a slight dimensional shift in the transverse dimension. However, the mean difference between all the models printed was slight and clinically insignificant.
PubMed: 38523938
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.54740 -
Journal of Orthodontic Science 2024Measuring the condylar volume changes after treatment with skeletally anchored type IV Herbst appliance vs. Twin Force Bite Corrector (TFBC) in class II malocclusion in...
Assessment of the condylar response of two differently anchored fixed functional appliances in class II malocclusion in young adult orthodontic patients: A randomized clinical trial.
OBJECTIVE
Measuring the condylar volume changes after treatment with skeletally anchored type IV Herbst appliance vs. Twin Force Bite Corrector (TFBC) in class II malocclusion in young adult patients.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Twenty class II malocclusion participants were randomly involved in our randomized clinical study. They are divided equally into two groups: group I (10 patients with an age range of 16 to 18 years and a mean age of (17.15 ± 0.62) (five males and five females) with a mean Angle formed between (A) point and (Nasion) point and (B) point, to determine anteroposterior relation between maxilla and mandible (ANB) of 6.20 (1.03) and a mean mandibular length of 106.1 (1.7), who were treated by a skeletally anchored type IV Herbst appliance, supported at the mandible by two mini-plates fixed bilaterally at the mandibular symphysis; group II (10 patients with an age range of 15 to 18 years and a mean age of (16.85 ± 0.33) (six males and four females) with a mean ANB of 6.80 (0.89) and a mean mandibular length of 107.3 (2.36), who were treated by a TFBC that was installed just mesial to the tube of the maxillary first permanent molar and distal to the bracket of the lower canine for 4 months. According to the Index of Orthognathic Functional Treatment Need (IOFTN) index, the participants in both groups have grade 4 (great need for treatment) as they have excessive overjet (6-9 mm). Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) was taken just before installing fixed functional appliances and after the removal. The condylar volume was measured using Dolphin software. Parametric measurements were performed by the independent -test, while non-parametric variables (percent change) were compared by the Mann-Whitney U-test.
RESULTS
On the right side, the Herbst group recorded a percent increase (median = 1.23%), while TFBC recorded a median percent decrease (-7.85%). This change is statistically significant ( = 0.008).
CONCLUSIONS
The difference in the condylar volume was significantly higher with the mini-plate anchored Herbst appliance than with the dentally anchored TFBC group.
PubMed: 38516116
DOI: 10.4103/jos.jos_112_23 -
Journal of Orthodontic Science 2024To evaluate and compare the distribution of stress and displacement of teeth during mandibular arch distalization using buccal shelf screws.
BACKGROUND
To evaluate and compare the distribution of stress and displacement of teeth during mandibular arch distalization using buccal shelf screws.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Three three-dimensional finite element models of mandibular arch were constructed with third molars extracted. Models 1, 2, and 3 were constructed on the basis of the lever arm heights of 0 mm, 3 mm, and 6 mm, respectively, between the lateral incisor and canine. A buccal shelf screw was placed at the area in the second molar region with the initial point of insertion being inter-dental between the first and second molars and 2 mm below the mucogingival junction. MBT pre-adjusted brackets (slot size 0.022 × 0.028") were placed over the clinical crown's center with a 0.019 × 0.025" stainless-steel archwire on three models. A retraction force of 300 g was applied with buccal shelf screws and a lever arm bilaterally using nickel-titanium closed coil springs. The displacement of each tooth was calculated on X, Y, and Z axes, and the von Mises stress distribution was visualized using color-coded scales using ANSYS 12.1 software.
RESULT
The maximum von Mises stress in the cortical and cancellous bones was observed in model 1. The maximum von Mises stress in the buccal shelf screw and the cortical bone decreased as the height of the lever arm increased. Applying orthodontic forces at the level of 6 mm lever arm height resulted in greater biomechanical bodily movement in distalization of the mandibular molars compared to when the orthodontic forces were applied at the level of 0 mm lever arm height.
CONCLUSION
Displacement of the entire arch may be dictated by a direct relationship between the center of resistance of the whole arch and the line of action generated between the buccal shelf screw and force application points at the archwire, which makes the total arch movement highly predictable.
PubMed: 38516113
DOI: 10.4103/jos.jos_82_23 -
Journal of Orthodontic Science 2024Demineralization of the enamel surface, which appears as white spot lesions during and after removal of the fixed orthodontic appliance, is the most common disadvantage...
BACKGROUND
Demineralization of the enamel surface, which appears as white spot lesions during and after removal of the fixed orthodontic appliance, is the most common disadvantage of the orthodontic treatment course. Using the remineralizing agents during and after orthodontic treatment helps to avoid those enamel defects.
OBJECTIVE
The present study aims to assess the remineralizing effect of the chicken eggshell powder on the demineralized enamel surfaces after debonding the orthodontic bracket system.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The current study was performed on 80 prepared premolar crowns embedded into acrylic molds. The samples were prepared to receive routine steps of the bonding process for the bracket system. The paste of the chicken eggshell powder was added to the samples after the debonding process. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) were used to evaluate the remineralization effect of the chicken eggshell powder. Also, the Vickers microhardness tester was used to assess the enamel surface microhardness.
RESULTS
It was found that the mean value of the Ca/P ratio for the samples before bonding of the orthodontic bracket system was (4.17 ± 2.2). This value significantly decreased to (2 ± 1.3) after debonding of the orthodontic bracket system and then showed a significant increase to (4.79 ± 2.65) after remineralization. These results were assured by the values of the Vickers microhardness tester.
CONCLUSION
The chicken eggshell powder has an excellent remineralization effect for the demineralized enamel surface after debonding the orthodontic enamel surface.
PubMed: 38516108
DOI: 10.4103/jos.jos_194_23 -
BMC Oral Health Mar 2024This study aimed to evaluate enamel surface integrity and time consumed during residual cement removal after bracket debonding using different adhesive removal burs with... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to evaluate enamel surface integrity and time consumed during residual cement removal after bracket debonding using different adhesive removal burs with and without a dental loupe.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Sixty human-extracted premolars were collected, cleaned, mounted, and prepared for orthodontic bracket bonding. Teeth were randomly divided into three main groups (n = 20) based on the adhesive removal method: tungsten carbide system (TC), sof-lex discs system (SD), and diamond system (DB) groups. Then, each group was subdivided into two subgroups (naked eye and magnifying loupe subgroups). The brackets were bonded and then debonded after 24 h, and the Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI) was assessed. The adhesive remnants were removed by different systems, and the final polishing was performed by Silicone OneGloss. The enamel surface roughness was evaluated before bracketing (T0), after residual cement removal (T1), and finally after polishing (T2) using surface Mitutoyo SJ-210 profilometry and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to determine the Enamel Damage Index (EDI) score. The time consumed for adhesive removal was recorded in seconds.
RESULTS
The Kruskal Wallis test showed a statistically significant difference in roughness values at T1 compared to T2 between subgroups (p < 0.001). When comparing EDI at T1 and T2, the Kruskal-Wallis H-test showed statistically significant differences in all subgroups. The pairwise comparisons revealed that EDI scores showed a statistically significant difference at T1 and T2 between DB vs. TC and SD (p = 0.015) but not between TC vs. SD (p = 1.000), indicating the highest roughness value observed in the DB group. The time for cement removal was significantly shorter in the magnifying loupe group than in the naked eye group and was shortest with the TC group, whereas the time was the longest with the DB group (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
All three systems were clinically satisfactory for residual orthodontic adhesive removal. However, TC system produced the lowest enamel roughness, while the DB system created the greatest. The polishing step created smoother surfaces regardless of the systems used for resin removal.
Topics: Humans; Bicuspid; Dental Cements; Dental Debonding; Dental Enamel; Glass Ionomer Cements; Orthodontic Brackets; Surface Properties; Tungsten Compounds
PubMed: 38509532
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04138-4