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International Journal of Biomaterials 2024Periodontitis therapy employing nanomaterials with submicron sizes holds promise for enhancing osteogenesis and facilitating periodontal cell proliferation. This study...
INTRODUCTION
Periodontitis therapy employing nanomaterials with submicron sizes holds promise for enhancing osteogenesis and facilitating periodontal cell proliferation. This study aims to assess the potential of nanoparticle-based rice husk liquid smoke (-RHLS) in an animal model of periodontitis by evaluating the expression of osteoprotegerin (OPG), receptor activator of nuclear factor-k (RANK), and receptor activator of nuclear factor-k ligand (RANKL).
METHODS
Twenty-eight male Wistar rats were inoculated with 10 CFU/ml of in the sulcus mandibular incisor region to create periodontitis and subsequently treated with n-RHLS while the control with saline. Immunohistochemical staining was performed on the mandibular incisor to assess OPG, RANK, and RANKL expression 2 and 7 days after treatment.
RESULTS
OPG expression exhibited a significant increase at both 2 and 7 days, while RANKL expression decreased notably after 7 days of treatment using n-RHLS ( < 0.05). In contrast, RANK expression did not show significant differences compared to the control groups ( > 0.05).
CONCLUSION
Nanostructured liquid smoke derived from rice husk nanoparticles (-RHLS) demonstrates potential as a therapeutic agent for periodontitis, especially on OPG/RANK/RANKL expression, by modulating OPG and RANKL expression to support periodontal tissue health.
PubMed: 38912518
DOI: 10.1155/2024/5015893 -
Heliyon Jun 2024Dental follicle cells (DFCs) promote bone regeneration and Circular RNAs (circRNAs) play crucial roles in bone development and regeneration. Our previous study...
Dental follicle cells (DFCs) promote bone regeneration and Circular RNAs (circRNAs) play crucial roles in bone development and regeneration. Our previous study demonstrated the upregulation of circFgfr2 expression during the osteogenic differentiation of DFCs. However, the molecular mechanisms and functional roles of circFgfr2 in DFCs osteogenesis remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the subcellular localization of circFgfr2 in DFCs using fluorescence hybridization. investigations demonstrated that circFgfr2 overexpression promoted osteogenic differentiation, as evidenced by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. By integrating the outcomes of bioinformatics analyses, dual luciferase reporter experiments, and chromatin isolation by RNA purification, we identified circFgfr2 as a sponge for miR-133a-3p, a key regulator of osteogenic differentiation. Moreover, miR-133a-3p suppressed osteogenic differentiation by targeting DLX3 and RUNX2 in DFCs. We validated that circFgfr2 promoted the osteogenic differentiation of DFCs through the miR-133a-3p/DLX3 axis. To further investigate the therapeutic potential of circFgfr2 in bone regeneration, we conducted experiments and histological analyses. Overall, these results confirmed the crucial role of circFgfr2 in promoting osteogenesis. In summary, our findings demonstrated that the circFgfr2/miR-133a-3p/DLX3 pathway acts as a cascade, thereby identifying circFgfr2 as a promising molecular target for bone tissue engineering.
PubMed: 38912473
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32498 -
Cureus May 2024Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ankylosis results in malocclusion, poor feeding, difficulty in maintaining oral hygiene, and facial esthetic deformity. The basic surgical...
Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ankylosis results in malocclusion, poor feeding, difficulty in maintaining oral hygiene, and facial esthetic deformity. The basic surgical objectives in the treatment of TMJ ankylosis are to establish joint movement, prevent relapse, and achieve normal growth and development. Here, we present an operated case ofsurgical correction of mandibular hypoplasia; however, the patient came back after three years due to unsatisfactory results and underwent bilateral coronoidectomy and gap arthroplasty. Bones were osteotomized at the LeFort I level and the maxillary segment was down-fractured and mobilized to bring into occlusion with the mandible. In the present case, the lower pharyngeal airway changed from 5 mm pre-treatment to 10 mm post-treatment, and the facial angle was changed from 73 to 84 post-treatment. Assessment of the pharyngeal airway is done with a high suspicion of obstructive sleep apnea and facial deformity is mandatory in the management of TMJ ankylosis.
PubMed: 38910750
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.60857 -
Cureus May 2024Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ankylosis is generally characterised by a complex aetiology, with several contributing causes, including infections, autoimmune diseases,...
Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ankylosis is generally characterised by a complex aetiology, with several contributing causes, including infections, autoimmune diseases, trauma, and congenital anomalies. This case report describes a three-year-old female suffering from traumatic temporomandibular ankylosis with retrognathia, severe mouth-opening restriction, and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The present case highlights the difficulties with TMJ ankylosis, especially when access to healthcare is sought out late and delayed diagnosis is prevalent. Mandibular distraction osteogenesis and awake fiberoptic intubation were used in the surgical and anaesthetic management of this case, with the otorhinolaryngology team on standby to perform a tracheostomy if required, highlighting the necessity of a multidisciplinary approach in such cases. Patients with TMJ ankylosis have significant life-altering changes, including psychological stress, chewing difficulty, speech difficulties, facial distortion, and speech impediment. When OSA progresses, it also presents more health risks. For the purpose of treating TMJ ankylosis, avoiding serious problems, and enhancing patient well-being, prompt diagnosis and therapy are crucial. In order to optimise patient results, this case study highlights the need for knowledge and research in the treatment of TMJ ankylosis as well as the requirement of medical professionals working together in a synergistic way.
PubMed: 38910731
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.60828 -
Cureus May 2024Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a rare inherited skeletal disease, characterized by bone fragility and low bone density. There are several types of OI, varying in...
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a rare inherited skeletal disease, characterized by bone fragility and low bone density. There are several types of OI, varying in severity from benign to severe. We report a case of type II OI, which is a lethal form according to the Sillence classification. At birth, the newborn presented immediate respiratory distress. Postnatal examination and bone radiography confirmed the diagnosis of OI type IIA. The genetic analysis was done along with genetic counseling. Death occurred on day nine of life due to respiratory failure secondary to pulmonary hypoplasia.
PubMed: 38910652
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.60945 -
Journal of Nanobiotechnology Jun 2024Recently, environmental temperature has been shown to regulate bone homeostasis. However, the mechanisms by which cold exposure affects bone mass remain unclear. In our...
Recently, environmental temperature has been shown to regulate bone homeostasis. However, the mechanisms by which cold exposure affects bone mass remain unclear. In our present study, we observed that exposure to cold temperature (CT) decreased bone mass and quality in mice. Furthermore, a transplant of exosomes derived from the plasma of mice exposed to cold temperature (CT-EXO) can also impair the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs and decrease bone mass by inhibiting autophagic activity. Rapamycin, a potent inducer of autophagy, can reverse cold exposure or CT-EXO-induced bone loss. Microarray sequencing revealed that cold exposure increases the miR-25-3p level in CT-EXO. Mechanistic studies showed that miR-25-3p can inhibit the osteogenic differentiation and autophagic activity of BMSCs. It is shown that inhibition of exosomes release or downregulation of miR-25-3p level can suppress CT-induced bone loss. This study identifies that CT-EXO mediates CT-induced osteoporotic effects through miR-25-3p by inhibiting autophagy via targeting SATB2, presenting a novel mechanism underlying the effect of cold temperature on bone mass.
Topics: Animals; Autophagy; Mice; Exosomes; MicroRNAs; Cold Temperature; Osteogenesis; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Osteoporosis; Cell Differentiation; Bone and Bones; Female; Bone Density; Sirolimus
PubMed: 38910236
DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02640-z -
Journal of Ovarian Research Jun 2024Teratomas are a common type of germ cell tumor. However, only a few reports on their genomic constitution have been published. The study of teratomas may provide a...
Amplifications of EVX2 and HOXD9-HOXD13 on 2q31 in mature cystic teratomas of the ovary identified by array comparative genomic hybridization may explain teratoma characteristics in chondrogenesis and osteogenesis.
BACKGROUND
Teratomas are a common type of germ cell tumor. However, only a few reports on their genomic constitution have been published. The study of teratomas may provide a better understanding of their stepwise differentiation processes and molecular bases, which could prove useful for the development of tissue-engineering technologies.
METHODS
In the present study, we analyzed the copy number aberrations of nine ovarian mature cystic teratomas using array comparative genomic hybridization in an attempt to reveal their genomic aberrations.
RESULTS
The many chromosomal aberrations observed on array comparative genomic hybridization analysis reveal the complex genetics of this tumor. Amplifications and deletions of large DNA fragments were observed in some samples, while amplifications of EVX2 and HOXD9-HOXD13 on 2q31.1, NDUFV1 on 11q13.2, and RPL10, SNORA70, DNASE1L1, TAZ, ATP6AP1, and GDI1 on Xq28 were found in all nine mature cystic teratomas.
CONCLUSIONS
Our results indicated that amplifications of these genes may play an important etiological role in teratoma formation. Moreover, amplifications of EVX2 and HOXD9-HOXD13 on 2q31.1, found on array comparative genomic hybridization, may help to explain the characteristics of teratomas in chondrogenesis and osteogenesis.
Topics: Humans; Female; Teratoma; Comparative Genomic Hybridization; Ovarian Neoplasms; Transcription Factors; Homeodomain Proteins; Osteogenesis; Chondrogenesis; Adult; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Proteins
PubMed: 38907278
DOI: 10.1186/s13048-024-01458-5 -
Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and... Jun 2024Long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) are recognized as a pivotal element in the processes of fracture healing and the osteogenic differentiation of stem cells. This study...
BACKGROUND
Long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) are recognized as a pivotal element in the processes of fracture healing and the osteogenic differentiation of stem cells. This study investigated the molecular mechanism and regulatory significance of lncRNA MAGI2-AS3 (MAGI2-AS3) in fracture healing.
METHODS
Serum levels of MAGI2-AS3 in patients with normal and delayed fracture healing were verified by RT-qPCR assays. The predictive efficacy of MAGI2-AS3 for delayed fracture healing was analyzed by ROC curve. Osteogenic markers were quantified by RT-qPCR assays. MC3T3-E1 cell viability was detected using CCK-8 assay, and flow cytometry was utilized to measure cell apoptosis. The dual-luciferase reporter gene assay was used to determine the targeted binding between MAGI2-AS3 and miR-223-3p.
RESULTS
Serum MAGI2-AS3 expression was decreased in patients with delayed fracture healing compared with patients with normal healing. Elevated MAGI2-AS3 resulted in an upregulation of the proliferative capacity of MC3T3-E1 cells and a decrease in mortality, along with increased levels of both osteogenic markers. However, after transfection silencing MAGI2-AS3, the trend was reversed. Additionally, miR-223-3p was the downstream target of MAGI2-AS3 and was controlled by MAGI2-AS3. miR-223-3p mimic reversed the promoting effects of MAGI2-AS3 overexpression on osteogenic marker levels and cell growth, and induced cell apoptosis.
CONCLUSION
The upregulation of MAGI2-AS3 may expedite the healing of fracture patients by targeting miR-223-3p, offering a novel biomarker for diagnosing patients with delayed healing.
Topics: MicroRNAs; RNA, Long Noncoding; Fracture Healing; Humans; Down-Regulation; Mice; Animals; Osteogenesis; Male; Female; Apoptosis; Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; Adult; Cell Proliferation; Cell Differentiation
PubMed: 38907263
DOI: 10.1186/s13018-024-04850-5 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2024Caloric restriction (CR) is a nutritional intervention that increases life expectancy while lowering the risk for cardio-metabolic disease. Its effects on bone health,...
INTRODUCTION
Caloric restriction (CR) is a nutritional intervention that increases life expectancy while lowering the risk for cardio-metabolic disease. Its effects on bone health, however, remain controversial. For instance, CR has been linked to increased accumulation of bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) in long bones, a process thought to elicit detrimental effects on bone. Qualitative differences have been reported in BMAT in relation to its specific anatomical localization, subdividing it into physiological and potentially pathological BMAT. We here examine the local impact of CR on bone composition, microstructure and its endocrine profile in the context of aging.
METHODS
Young and aged male C57Bl6J mice were subjected to CR for 8 weeks and were compared to age-matched littermates with free food access. We assessed bone microstructure and BMAT by micro-CT, bone fatty acid and transcriptomic profiles, and bone healing.
RESULTS
CR increased tibial BMAT accumulation and adipogenic gene expression. CR also resulted in elevated fatty acid desaturation in the proximal and mid-shaft regions of the tibia, thus more closely resembling the biochemical lipid profile of the distally located, physiological BMAT. In aged mice, CR attenuated trabecular bone loss, suggesting that CR may revert some aspects of age-related bone dysfunction. Cortical bone, however, was decreased in young mice on CR and remained reduced in aged mice, irrespective of dietary intervention. No negative effects of CR on bone regeneration were evident in either young or aged mice.
DISCUSSION
Our findings indicate that the timing of CR is critical and may exert detrimental effects on bone biology if administered during a phase of active skeletal growth. Conversely, CR exerts positive effects on trabecular bone structure in the context of aging, which occurs despite substantial accumulation of BMAT. These data suggest that the endocrine profile of BMAT, rather than its fatty acid composition, contributes to healthy bone maintenance in aged mice.
Topics: Animals; Male; Caloric Restriction; Mice; Aging; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Cancellous Bone; Adipocytes; Bone Marrow; Tibia
PubMed: 38904042
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1394263 -
International Journal of Medical... 2024Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which are capable of differentiating into osteoblasts, are used in effective regenerative therapies. MSCs must be...
Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which are capable of differentiating into osteoblasts, are used in effective regenerative therapies. MSCs must be prompted to differentiate into osteoblasts for MSC transplantation to be effective. In this study, osteoblast differentiation markers involved in bone formation were evaluated to investigate the stress resistance of bone marrow-derived rat MSCs to dexamethasone and hypoxia and their ability to differentiate into osteoblasts. MSCs were allowed to differentiate into osteoblasts for 21 days in three different environments (dexamethasone treatment, hypoxic conditions [1% oxygen], or both). Osteoblast differentiation potential was evaluated according to alkaline phosphatase levels and a mineralisation assay. Immunofluorescence staining was used to determine the protein expression of the osteoblast differentiation markers type I collagen and osteopontin. MSCs differentiated into osteoblasts under hypoxic conditions but differentiated more slowly upon treatment with dexamethasone and dexamethasone plus hypoxia relative to the control. MSCs preconditioned with dexamethasone or hypoxia and then allowed to differentiate into osteoblasts under similar conditions differentiated comparably to control MSCs. MSCs that developed resistance to dexamethasone or hypoxia differentiated more quickly into osteoblasts than those that did not. The findings suggest that increasing the resistance of MSCs to stress by preconditioning them via dexamethasone or hypoxia exposure could result in more rapid differentiation into osteoblasts following transplantation.
Topics: Dexamethasone; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Animals; Osteoblasts; Cell Differentiation; Rats; Cell Hypoxia; Osteogenesis; Cells, Cultured; Alkaline Phosphatase; Humans; Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation; Collagen Type I; Male
PubMed: 38903930
DOI: 10.7150/ijms.91222