-
ISA Transactions Jun 2024In industrial process monitoring, it is always a challenging and practical problem to analyze the causes of the system fault by isolating true fault variables from vast...
In industrial process monitoring, it is always a challenging and practical problem to analyze the causes of the system fault by isolating true fault variables from vast amounts of process data. However, the phenomenon of smearing effect occurs by using the traditional contribution analysis-based isolation methods since the defined isolation indices of different variables affect each other. In this paper, a new fault isolation method is proposed based on local outlier factor and improved k-nearest neighbor rule aiming to improve the isolation accuracy. Firstly, the nearest neighbors of each sample are obtained along the direction of a specific variable. Based on the nearest neighbors, the outlier-degree value of the variable is calculated and regarded as the contribution of the variable. Then, the contribution of the variable in all samples are obtained in the same way, among which the maximum one is selected as the isolation threshold value of this variable. During the online monitoring, the contribution of the variable in the newly collected sample is calculated in real time. Once the contribution is greater than the threshold, the variable is judged to be the dominant factor causing the system fault. Two cases on numerical example and Tennessee Eastman process are conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
PubMed: 38862336
DOI: 10.1016/j.isatra.2024.06.007 -
PloS One 2024Research has substantiated that the presence of outliers in data usually introduces additional errors and biases, which typically leads to a degradation in the precision...
Research has substantiated that the presence of outliers in data usually introduces additional errors and biases, which typically leads to a degradation in the precision of volatility forecasts. However, correcting outliers can mitigate these adverse effects. This study corrects the additive outliers through a weighting method and let these corrected values to replace the original outliers. Then, the model parameters are re-estimated based on this new return series. This approach reduces the extent to which outliers distort volatility estimates, allowing the model to better adapt to market conditions and improving the accuracy of volatility forecasts. This study introduces this approach for the first time to generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity mixed data sampling (GARCH-MIDAS) models, so as to establish an additional outliers corrected GARCH-MIDAS model (AO-GARCH-MIDAS). This pioneering approach marks a unique innovation. The research employs a diverse array of evaluation methods to validate the model's robustness and consistently demonstrates its dependable performance. Findings unequivocally reveal the substantial influence of outliers on the model's predictive capacity, with the AO-GARCH-MIDAS model exhibiting consistent superiority across all evaluation criteria. Additionally, while the GARCH model showcases stronger estimation capabilities compared to the GARCH-MIDAS model, the latter demonstrates heightened predictive prowess. Notably, regarding variable selection, the results underscore the greater predictive informational value inherent in realized volatility over other low-frequency factors.
Topics: Investments; Models, Economic; Forecasting; Models, Statistical; Humans
PubMed: 38861584
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305420 -
Scientific Reports Jun 2024Clinical outcomes of arteriovenous fistulae (AVF) for hemodialysis remain inadequate since biological mechanisms of AVF maturation and failure are still poorly...
Clinical outcomes of arteriovenous fistulae (AVF) for hemodialysis remain inadequate since biological mechanisms of AVF maturation and failure are still poorly understood. Aortocaval fistula creation (AVF group) or a sham operation (sham group) was performed in C57BL/6 mice. Venous limbs were collected on postoperative day 7 and total RNA was extracted for high throughput RNA sequencing and bioinformatic analysis. Genes in metabolic pathways were significantly downregulated in the AVF, whereas significant sex differences were not detected. Since gene expression patterns among the AVF group were heterogenous, the AVF group was divided into a 'normal' AVF (nAVF) group and an 'outliers' (OUT) group. The gene expression patterns of the nAVF and OUT groups were consistent with previously published data showing venous adaptive remodeling, whereas enrichment analyses showed significant upregulation of metabolism, inflammation and coagulation in the OUT group compared to the nAVF group, suggesting the heterogeneity during venous remodeling reflects early gene expression changes that may correlate with AVF maturation or failure. Early detection of these processes may be a translational strategy to predict fistula failure and reduce patient morbidity.
Topics: Animals; Mice; Male; Arteriovenous Shunt, Surgical; Vascular Remodeling; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Female; Down-Regulation; Veins; Renal Dialysis; Arteriovenous Fistula; Gene Expression Regulation; Gene Expression Profiling
PubMed: 38858395
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64075-8 -
Translational Andrology and Urology May 2024The association between psoriasis and erectile dysfunction (ED) is currently inconsistent in epidemiological and observational studies and the causal relationship...
BACKGROUND
The association between psoriasis and erectile dysfunction (ED) is currently inconsistent in epidemiological and observational studies and the causal relationship between them has not been established. The aim of our study is to explore the potential genetic association between ED and psoriasis.
METHODS
We explored the putative causality between psoriasis and ED by bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR). The single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with psoriasis were retrieved from a large-scale public genome-wide association study (GWAS). The summary statistics of ED were obtained from individuals of European ancestry with 6,175 cases 217,630 controls. Inverse-variant weighted (IVW), weighted median (WM), MR-Egger, MR-Steiger, and MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR-PRESSO) test were employed in MR analyses to investigate the bidirectional causal relationship between psoriasis and ED. Several sensitivity analyses were employed to confirm the findings of the MR analysis.
RESULTS
Our MR analysis indicated that genetically predicted psoriasis showed no association with a higher risk of ED [odds ratio (OR) 2.878, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.175-47.289, P=0.46]. As for the other direction, no causal association was disclosed between ED and psoriasis (OR 0.999, 95% CI: 0.997-1.002, P=0.62). These findings remained consistent in sensitivity analyses.
CONCLUSIONS
The study revealed a negative genetic association between psoriasis and ED. Certain acquired factors may contribute to a strong clinical connection between the two, highlighting the need for comprehensive management of these risk factors.
PubMed: 38855583
DOI: 10.21037/tau-24-10 -
ArXiv May 2024To quantify how well theoretical predictions of structural ensembles agree with experimental measurements, we depend on the accuracy of forward models. These models are...
To quantify how well theoretical predictions of structural ensembles agree with experimental measurements, we depend on the accuracy of forward models. These models are computational frameworks that generate observable quantities from molecular configurations based on empirical relationships linking specific molecular properties to experimental measurements. Bayesian Inference of Conformational Populations (BICePs) is a reweighting algorithm that reconciles simulated ensembles with ensemble-averaged experimental observations, even when such observations are sparse and/or noisy. This is achieved by sampling the posterior distribution of conformational populations under experimental restraints as well as sampling the posterior distribution of uncertainties due to random and systematic error. In this study, we enhance the algorithm for the refinement of empirical forward model (FM) parameters. We introduce and evaluate two novel methods for optimizing FM parameters. The first method treats FM parameters as nuisance parameters, integrating over them in the full posterior distribution. The second method employs variational minimization of a quantity called the BICePs score that reports the free energy of "turning on" the experimental restraints. This technique, coupled with improved likelihood functions for handling experimental outliers, facilitates force field validation and optimization, as illustrated in recent studies (Raddi et al. 2023, 2024). Using this approach, we refine parameters that modulate the Karplus relation, crucial for accurate predictions of -coupling constants based on dihedral angles between interacting nuclei. We validate this approach first with a toy model system, and then for human ubiquitin, predicting six sets of Karplus parameters for , , , , , . This approach, which does not rely on any predetermined parameterization, enhances predictive accuracy and can be used for many applications.
PubMed: 38855540
DOI: No ID Found -
PeerJ. Computer Science 2024Mixup is an effective data augmentation method that generates new augmented samples by aggregating linear combinations of different original samples. However, if there...
Mixup is an effective data augmentation method that generates new augmented samples by aggregating linear combinations of different original samples. However, if there are noises or aberrant features in the original samples, mixup may propagate them to the augmented samples, leading to over-sensitivity of the model to these outliers. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a new mixup method called AMPLIFY. This method uses the attention mechanism of Transformer itself to reduce the influence of noises and aberrant values in the original samples on the prediction results, without increasing additional trainable parameters, and the computational cost is very low, thereby avoiding the problem of high resource consumption in common mixup methods such as Sentence Mixup. The experimental results show that, under a smaller computational resource cost, AMPLIFY outperforms other mixup methods in text classification tasks on seven benchmark datasets, providing new ideas and new ways to further improve the performance of pre-trained models based on the attention mechanism, such as BERT, ALBERT, RoBERTa, and GPT. Our code can be obtained at https://github.com/kiwi-lilo/AMPLIFY.
PubMed: 38855226
DOI: 10.7717/peerj-cs.2011 -
International Dental Journal Jun 2024Studies have increasingly focussed on the relationship between periodontitis (PD) and preeclampsia (PE). However, conclusions have not been consistent, and it is unclear...
OBJECTIVES
Studies have increasingly focussed on the relationship between periodontitis (PD) and preeclampsia (PE). However, conclusions have not been consistent, and it is unclear whether any causal relationship exists between them and whether causality is bidirectional. This study employed Mendelian randomisation (MR) analysis to investigate the potential bidirectional causal relationship between PD and PE.
METHODS
Genetic variants strongly linked to PD (17,353 cases and 28,210 controls), chronic periodontitis (CP; 1817 cases and 2215 controls), aggressive periodontitis (AgP; 851 cases and 6580 controls), and PE (7212 cases and 194,266 controls) in the genome-wide association study (GWAS) of European ancestry were used as instrumental variables (IVs). Inverse variance weighting (IVW) served as the primary method for causal inference. MR Pleiotropy RESidual Sum and Outlier (MR-PRESSO) was utilised to analyse horizontal pleiotropy. Cochrane Q tests and leave-one-out analyses were used to assess heterogeneity and stability amongst IVs.
RESULTS
The MR analysis revealed no causal impacts of PD or its 2 subtypes-CP and AgP-on PE. Similarly, no significant causal effect of PE on PD was found in the reverse-MR analysis (IVW odds ratio, 0.97; 95% confidence interval, 0.91-1.05; P = .58). The findings from MR-Egger, weighted median, weighted mode, and the simple modelling approaches, as well as the pleiotropy and sensitivity analyses, aligned with those of the IVW method.
CONCLUSIONS
The MR analysis suggests no bidirectional causal relationship between PD and PE; hence, PD and PE might not increase or prevent the risk of one other.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Genetically, periodontitis or its subtypes chronic periodontitis and aggressive periodontitis may not require specific clinical attention to prevent the development of preeclampsia.
PubMed: 38853053
DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2024.05.004 -
Brain and Behavior Jun 2024Observational studies have found that most patients with arthritis have depression. We aimed to determine the causal relationship between various types of arthritis and...
INTRODUCTION
Observational studies have found that most patients with arthritis have depression. We aimed to determine the causal relationship between various types of arthritis and depression.
METHODS
We conducted a two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomized (MR) analysis to determine whether there was a significant causal relationship between depression and multiple types of arthritis. The data of our study were derived from the publicly released genome-wide association studies (GWASs) and the largest GWAS meta-analysis. MR analysis mainly used inverse-variance weighted method; supplementary methods included weighted median, weighted mode, and MR-Egger using MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier to detect and correct for the presence of pleiotropy.
RESULTS
After adjusting for heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy, we found that depression was associated with an increased risk of osteoarthritis (OA) (OR = 1.02, 95%CI: 1.01-1.02, p = 2.96 × E - 5). In the reverse analysis, OA was also found to increase the risk of depression (OR = 1.10, 95%CI: 1.04-1.15, p = .0002). Depression only increased the risk of knee OA (KOA) (OR = 1.25, 95%CI: 1.10-1.42, p = 6.46 × E - 4). Depression could potentially increase the risk of spondyloarthritis (OR = 1.52, 95%CI: 1.19-1.94, p ≤ 8.94 × E - 4).
CONCLUSION
There is a bidirectional causal relationship of depression with OA. However, depression only augments the risk of developing KOA. Depression may increase the risk of spondyloarthritis and gout.
Topics: Humans; Mendelian Randomization Analysis; Genome-Wide Association Study; Depression; Osteoarthritis; Osteoarthritis, Knee; Arthritis; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Gout; Risk Factors; Spondylarthritis
PubMed: 38849983
DOI: 10.1002/brb3.3551 -
Frontiers in Oral Health 2024Betel quid (BQ) chewing is a prevalent habit in the Asian and Pacific regions. It is deeply intertwined within cultural customs, and has been reported to result in oral...
The association between betel quid use and oral potentially malignant and malignant disorders in Southeast Asian and Pacific regions: a systematic review and meta-analysis with GRADE evidence profile.
BACKGROUND
Betel quid (BQ) chewing is a prevalent habit in the Asian and Pacific regions. It is deeply intertwined within cultural customs, and has been reported to result in oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) and malignant disorders (MDs).
OBJECTIVE
We aim to present a summative and broad overview of the burden that BQ chewing has imposed on the residents of the Southeast Asian, Pacific, and Australasian regions, allowing us to quantify the level of impact it is currently causing on the risk of people developing oral cancer.
METHODS
This scoping review and meta-analysis screened databases such as PubMed, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar for publications that investigated the association between BQ and OPMDs and MDs. The search strategy involved MeSH headings relating to BQ, OPMDs, and MDs, and a search for results during the period between January 2010 and June 2023 within the set geographical boundaries of the Southeast Asian and Pacific regions. This systematic review was reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Statement for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). R software was used to screen outliers. The included studies were further analysed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system.
RESULTS
Nine articles ( = 19,312 participants) presented odds ratio outcomes from 11 regionally different study groups. We indicated a strong correlation between BQ chewing and the increased risk of OMPDs and MDs. The risk was quantified through meta-analyses with an odds ratio (OR) of 8.18 (5.27-12.72) and an increased OR of 9.93 (7.36-13.39) when the outlier was removed. BQ chewing was further identified within various Australian communities and discovered to be produced locally in North Queensland.
DISCUSSION
A meta-analysis of two outcomes revealed substantial heterogeneity and minor evidence of publication bias, thus the association effect was included with and without these articles. The overall GRADE quality of evidence ranged from moderate to very high and highlighted five studies with a high level of imprecision.
CONCLUSION
The lingering high prevalence of BQ in the Southeast Asia and Pacific regions, as well as its rising acceptance among non-ethnic Australians, is alarming and requires prompt and rigorous intervention to prevent the risk of oral cancer.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
PROSPERO (CRD42023429694).
PubMed: 38846318
DOI: 10.3389/froh.2024.1397179 -
Cureus May 2024Appropriate assessment of nutritional status of adolescents as a population group is an important area of focus, considering the age of culminating growth, the size of...
The Assessment of Nutritional Status of Adolescents Aged 15-18 Years Using BMI Cutoffs and BMI Z Scores: A Secondary Analysis of National Family Health Survey-5 (2019-21) Data.
BACKGROUND
Appropriate assessment of nutritional status of adolescents as a population group is an important area of focus, considering the age of culminating growth, the size of the age group, the changing nutrition patterns, and as a window of opportunity for corrections before adulthood sets in. Nutritional status is now recognized to be a prime indicator of the health of individuals. The World Health Organization (WHO) emphasizes the importance of employing age- and sex-specific reference values (body mass index-for-age Z scores {BAZ} scores) for nutritional assessment in this age group. However, the National Family Health Survey (NFHS), the major source of data in India for the policymakers, reports the nutritional status of adolescents based on adult body mass index (BMI) cutoffs, which might not be as appropriate as compared to body mass index-for-age Z scores (BAZ) scores. Misclassification of nutrition status has impacts on public health policies, intervention programs, and long-term health outcomes for adolescents.
METHODS
This secondary analysis of NFHS-5 data was performed with the objective of estimating the degree of agreement between BMI and BAZ cutoffs in classifying the nutritional status among Indian adolescents. The NFHS-5 data were collected from over 636,000 households across the country. Height and weight were measured for adolescents using standardized instruments. BMI and BAZ scores were derived to assess nutritional status. World Health Organization's classifications were used to categorize nutritional status based on BMI and BAZ scores. The final analysis included data from 109,340 adolescents (13,040 males and 96,300 females) after excluding subjects having BAZ outliers and those whose age was 179 months or less.
RESULTS
Substantial discrepancies emerged between the two methods. BMI classifications underestimated nutritional status in almost 30% of adolescents compared to BAZ. Over one-third of normal-weight individuals by BAZ are classified as thin by BMI. Conversely, nearly 78% of obese adolescents by BMI are classified as overweight by BAZ. The agreements between the classifications improved with age and were better among males.
CONCLUSION
This analysis highlights the limitations of BMI for assessing adolescent nutritional status and suggests that BAZ offers a more accurate and age-appropriate alternative.
PubMed: 38846183
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.59800