-
Synthetic and Systems Biotechnology Mar 2024Polymyxin B, produced by is used as the last line of defense clinically. In this study, exogenous mixture of precursor amino acids increased the level and proportion of...
Polymyxin B, produced by is used as the last line of defense clinically. In this study, exogenous mixture of precursor amino acids increased the level and proportion of polymyxin B1 in the total of polymyxin B analogs of CJX518-AC (PPAC) from 0.15 g/L and 61.8 % to 0.33 g/L and 79.9 %, respectively. The co-culture of strain PPAC and recombinant -leu01, which produces high levels of threonine, leucine, and isoleucine, increased polymyxin B1 production to 0.64 g/L. When strains PPAC and -leu01 simultaneously inoculated into an optimized medium with 20 g/L peptone, polymyxin B1 production was increased to 0.97 g/L. Furthermore, the polymyxin B1 production in the co-culture of strains PPAC and -leu01 increased to 2.21 g/L after optimized inoculation ratios and fermentation medium with 60 g/L peptone. This study provides a new strategy to improve polymyxin B1 production.
PubMed: 38348399
DOI: 10.1016/j.synbio.2024.01.015 -
Scientific Reports Jan 2024Accurate identification and typing of microbes are crucial steps in gaining an awareness of the biological heterogeneity and reliability of microbial material within any...
Accurate identification and typing of microbes are crucial steps in gaining an awareness of the biological heterogeneity and reliability of microbial material within any proprietary or public collection. Paenibacillus polymyxa is a bacterial species of great agricultural and industrial importance due to its plant growth-promoting activities and production of several relevant secondary metabolites. In recent years, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) has been widely used as an alternative rapid tool for identifying, typing, and differentiating closely related strains. In this study, we investigated the diversity of three P. polymyxa strains. The mass spectra of ATCC 842, DSM 292, and DSM 365 were obtained, analysed, and compared to select discriminant peaks using ClinProTools software and generate classification models. MALDI-TOF MS analysis showed inconsistent results in identifying DSM 292 and DSM 365 as belonging to P. polimixa species, and comparative analysis of mass spectra revealed the presence of highly discriminatory biomarkers among the three strains. 16S rRNA sequencing and Average Nucleotide Identity (ANI) confirmed the discrepancies found in the proteomic analysis. The case study presented here suggests the enormous potential of the proteomic-based approach, combined with statistical tools, to predict and explore differences between closely related strains in large microbial datasets.
Topics: Paenibacillus polymyxa; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; Proteomics; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Reproducibility of Results
PubMed: 38297004
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50010-w -
Microbial Ecology Dec 2023Sugar beet is the most important crop for sugar production in temperate zones. The plant microbiome is considered an important factor in crop productivity and health....
Sugar beet is the most important crop for sugar production in temperate zones. The plant microbiome is considered an important factor in crop productivity and health. Here, we investigated the bacterial diversity of seeds, roots, and rhizosphere of five sugar beet hybrids named Eduarda (ED), Koala (KO), Tibor (T), Tajfun (TF), and Cercospora-resistant (C). A culture-independent next-generation sequencing approach was used for the further investigation of seed-borne endophytes. Hybrid-associated bacteria were evaluated for their plant growth-promoting (PGP) characteristics, antagonistic activity towards Cercospora beticola and several Fusarium strains in dual culture assays, and drought and salinity tolerance. High-throughput sequencing revealed that the Proteobacteria phylum was most dominant in the seeds of all hybrids, followed by Cyanobacteria and Actinobacteriota. The predominant genus in all hybrids was Pantoea, followed by Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Chalicogloea, Corynebacterium, Enterobacter, Enterococcus, Glutamicibacter, Kosakonia, and Marinilactibacillus. Unique genera in the hybrids were Pleurocapsa and Arthrobacter (T), Klebsiella (TF), Apibacter (ED), and Alloscardovia (KO). The genera that were most represented in one hybrid were Weissella and Staphylococcus (TF); Streptococcus (T); Gardnerella, Prevotella, and Rothia (KO); and Gilliamella, Lactobacillus, and Snodgrassella (ED). Thirty-two bacteria out of 156 isolates from the rhizosphere, roots, and seeds were selected with respect to various plant growth-promoting activities in vitro, i.e., nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilization, siderophore production, indole-3-acetic acid production, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid deaminase activity, hydrogen cyanide production, exoenzymatic activity (amylase, protease, lipase, cellulase, xylanase, mannanases, gelatinase, and pectinase), mitigation of environmental stresses, and antifungal activity. Mixta theicola KO3-44, Providencia vermicola ED3-10, Curtobacterium pusillum ED2-6, and Bacillus subtilis KO3-18 had the highest potential to promote plant growth due to their multiple abilities (nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilization, production of siderophores, and IAA). The best antagonistic activity towards phytopathogenic fungi was found for Bacillus velezensis C3-19, Paenibacillus polymyxa C3-36 and Bacillus halotolerans C3-16/2.1. Only four isolates B. velezensis T2-23, B. subtilis T3-4, B. velezensis ED2-2, and Bacillus halotolerans C3-16/2.1 all showed enzymatic activity, with the exception of xylanase production. B. halotolerans C3-16/2.1 exhibited the greatest tolerance to salinity, while two B. subtilis strains (C3-62 and TF2-1) grew successfully at the maximum concentration of PEG. The current study demonstrates that sugar beet-associated bacteria have a wide range of beneficial traits and are therefore highly promising for the formulation of biological control and PGP agents.
Topics: Beta vulgaris; Plant Development; Bacillus subtilis; Endophytes; Plant Roots; Phosphates
PubMed: 38148389
DOI: 10.1007/s00248-023-02329-0 -
Royal Society Open Science Dec 2023Antimicrobial peptides have the potential to be used in a range of applications, including as an alternative to conventional antibiotics for the treatment of bacterial...
Antimicrobial peptides have the potential to be used in a range of applications, including as an alternative to conventional antibiotics for the treatment of bacterial infections of humans and animals. Therefore, there is interest in identifying novel bacteriocins which have desirable physico-chemical properties or antimicrobial activities. #23, isolated from a marine sponge, has wide spectrum antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. To explore the basis of this antimicrobial activity, the complete genome sequence of the strain was examined. Multiple genes predicted to encode antimicrobial peptides were identified. One gene was predicted to encode a novel sactipeptide bacteriocin, named SacP23. To confirm that SacP23 does have antimicrobial activity and to explore the antimicrobial spectrum of the peptide it was heterologously expressed in . A cluster of eight genes, encoding a full complement of accessory genes as well as the structural gene expressed from the native promoter, was cloned into BS54A. The recombinant strain displayed antimicrobial activity against several Gram-positive bacteria, including multi-drug resistant . Heterologous expression of a whole gene cluster offers a powerful way to interrogate and resolve the various antimicrobial activities expressed by native strains that encode multiple compounds of interest.
PubMed: 38126065
DOI: 10.1098/rsos.231119 -
The Journal of General and Applied... Dec 2023Bacteria represent an attractive source for the isolation and identification of potentially useful microorganisms for lignin depolymerization, a process required for the...
Bacteria represent an attractive source for the isolation and identification of potentially useful microorganisms for lignin depolymerization, a process required for the use of agricultural waste. In this work, ten autochthonous bacteria isolated from straw, cow manure, and composts were characterized for potential use in the biodelignification of the waste. A comparison of the ability to degrade lignin and the efficiency of ligninolytic enzymes was performed in bacteria grown in media with lignin as a sole carbon source (LLM, 3.5g/L lignin-alkali) and in complex media supplemented with All-Ban fiber (FLM, 1.5g/L). Bacterial isolates showed different abilities to degrade lignin, they decreased the lignin concentration from 7.6 to 18.6% in LLM and from 11.1 to 44.8% in FLM. They also presented the activity of manganese peroxidase, lignin peroxidases, and laccases with different specific activities. However, strain 26 identified as Paenibacillus polymyxa by sequencing the 16S rRNA showed the highest activity of lignin peroxidase and the ability to degrade efficiently lignocellulose. In addition, P. polymyxa showed the highest potential (desirability ≥ 0.795) related to the best combination of properties to depolymerize lignin from biomass. The results suggest that P. polymyxa has a coordinated lignin degradation system constituted of lignin peroxidase, manganese peroxidase, and laccase enzymes.
PubMed: 38104982
DOI: 10.2323/jgam.2023.12.001 -
Microbiology Spectrum Jan 2024Polymyxins are considered the last line of defense against multidrug-resistant bacteria. The regulatory mechanism of polymyxin synthesis is poorly studied in . In this...
Polymyxins are considered the last line of defense against multidrug-resistant bacteria. The regulatory mechanism of polymyxin synthesis is poorly studied in . In this study, we found that Abh and AbrB3 negatively regulated, whereas Spo0A positively regulated polymyxin synthesis in SC2. In addition, a regulatory relationship between Abh, AbrB3, and Spo0A was revealed, which regulate polymyxin synthesis via multiple regulatory mechanisms in .
Topics: Polymyxins; Paenibacillus polymyxa; Paenibacillus
PubMed: 38054717
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02293-23 -
Poultry Science Feb 2024The search for a natural antimicrobial agent is ongoing and critical because of the rise and rapid proliferation of antibiotic-resistant pathogenic bacteria. The current...
Dietary Paenibacillus polymyxa AM20 as a new probiotic: Improving effects on IR broiler growth performance, hepatosomatic index, thyroid hormones, lipid profile, immune response, antioxidant parameters, and caecal microorganisms.
The search for a natural antimicrobial agent is ongoing and critical because of the rise and rapid proliferation of antibiotic-resistant pathogenic bacteria. The current study aims to examine the effect of Paenibacillus polymyxa AM20 as an alternative antibiotic and feed additive on Indian river broiler performance, digestive enzymes, thyroid hormones, lipid profile, hepatosomatic index, immunological response, gut bacteria, and antioxidant parameters. The bacterial isolate AM20 was identified at the gene level by isolating DNA and using PCR to detect genes. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the bacterial isolate was identified as Paenibacillus polymyxa. One hundred twenty Indian river broilers (1-day old) were randomly divided into 4 groups of 10 chicks each, with 3 replicates. The control group was fed a basal diet only, while the other 3 were administered control diets supplemented with P. polymyxa at 3 concentrations: 0.5, 1, and 1.5 mg/kg. The findings revealed that all groups that received graded amounts of P. polymyxa increased all growth parameters throughout the study. P. polymyxa treatment at 1.5 mg/kg increased body gain by 9% compared to the control due to increased feed intake (P = 0.0001), growth rate (P = 0.0001), and decreased feed conversion ratio. Compared to the control group, P. polymyxa (1.5 mg/kg) enhanced kidney functions in chickens by reducing uric acid and creatinine levels (P = 0.0451). Compared to the control group, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate transaminase levels in the liver were significantly reduced at all P. polymyxa doses. Liver function values were highest for P. polymyxa at 1.5 mg/kg. Compared to the control group, those whose diets included P. polymyxa had significantly better blood cholesterol levels, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, immunological response, thyroid function, and gut microbiota. In general, broiler chickens' economic efficiency was improved by including P. polymyxa in their diet, which also improved their growth performance, carcass dressing, specific blood biochemical levels and enzymes, and the composition of the gut microbiota.
Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Chickens; Paenibacillus polymyxa; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Probiotics; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Immunity; Thyroid Hormones; Lipids; Animal Feed
PubMed: 38035472
DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103239 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2023Glycosidases are essential for the industrial production of functional oligosaccharides and many biotech applications. A novel β-galactosidase/α-L-arabinopyranosidase...
Glycosidases are essential for the industrial production of functional oligosaccharides and many biotech applications. A novel β-galactosidase/α-L-arabinopyranosidase (PpBGal42A) of the glycoside hydrolase family 42 (GH42) from KF-1 was identified and functionally characterized. Using NPG as a substrate, the recombinant PpBGal42A (77.16 kD) was shown to have an optimal temperature and pH of 30 °C and 6.0. Using NPαArap as a substrate, the optimal temperature and pH were 40 °C and 7.0. PpBGal42A has good temperature and pH stability. Furthermore, Na, K, Li, and Ca (5 mmol/L) enhanced the enzymatic activity, whereas Mn, Cu, Zn, and Hg significantly reduced the enzymatic activity. PpBGal42A hydrolyzed NP-β-D-galactoside and NP-α-L-arabinopyranoside. PpBGal42A liberated galactose from β-1,3/4/6-galactobiose and galactan. PpBGal42A hydrolyzed arabinopyranose at C20 of ginsenoside Rb2, but could not cleave arabinofuranose at C20 of ginsenoside Rc. Meanwhile, the molecular docking results revealed that PpBGal42A efficiently recognized and catalyzed lactose. PpBGal42A hydrolyzes lactose to galactose and glucose. PpBGal42A exhibits significant degradative activity towards citrus pectin when combined with pectinase. Our findings suggest that PpBGal42A is a novel bifunctional enzyme that is active as a β-galactosidase and α-L-arabinopyranosidase. This study expands on the diversity of bifunctional enzymes and provides a potentially effective tool for the food industry.
Topics: Paenibacillus polymyxa; Lactose; Molecular Docking Simulation; Galactose; Glycoside Hydrolases; Cloning, Molecular; beta-Galactosidase; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Substrate Specificity; Paenibacillus
PubMed: 38005185
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28227464 -
Plants (Basel, Switzerland) Oct 2023Clubroot is one of the most serious soil-borne diseases on crucifer crops worldwide. Seed treatment with biocontrol agents is an effective and eco-friendly way to...
Clubroot is one of the most serious soil-borne diseases on crucifer crops worldwide. Seed treatment with biocontrol agents is an effective and eco-friendly way to control clubroot disease. However, there is a big challenge to inoculating the seed with bacterial cells through seed pelleting due to the harsh environment on the seed surface or in the rhizosphere. In this study, a method for microbial seed pelleting was developed to protect pak choi seedlings against clubroot disease. Typically, a biocontrol bacterium, ZF129, was encapsulated by the spray-drying method with gum arabic as wall material, and then pak choi seeds were pelleted with the microencapsulated ZF129 (ZF129m). The morphology, storage stability, and release behavior of ZF129 microcapsules were evaluated. Compared with the naked ZF129 cells, encapsulated ZF129 cells showed higher viability during ambient storage on pak choi seeds. Moreover, ZF129m-pelleted seeds showed higher control efficacy (71.23%) against clubroot disease than that of nonencapsulated ZF129-pelleted seeds (61.64%) in pak choi. Seed pelleting with microencapsulated biocontrol ZF129 proved to be an effective and eco-friendly strategy for the control of clubroot disease in pak choi.
PubMed: 37960058
DOI: 10.3390/plants12213702 -
Poultry Science Dec 2023Nanomedicine is a critical therapeutic approach for treating most poultry illnesses, particularly parasitic infections. Coccidiosis is a severe protozoan infection...
Supplementing broiler diets with bacterial selenium nanoparticles enhancing performance, carcass traits, blood indices, antioxidant status, and caecal microbiota of Eimeria tenella-infected broiler chickens.
Nanomedicine is a critical therapeutic approach for treating most poultry illnesses, particularly parasitic infections. Coccidiosis is a severe protozoan infection affecting poultry; the emergence of drug-resistant Eimeria strains demands the development of new, safe therapies. Consequently, the objective of this work was to investigate the efficacy of the biosynthesized selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) by Paenibacillus polymyxa (P. polymyxa) against Eimeria tenella (E. tenella) experimental infection in broiler chickens. The prepared SeNPs absorbed the UV at 270 nm were spherical with a size of 26 nm, and had a surface negative charge of -25 mV. One hundred and fifty, 1-day-old male broiler chicks were randomly allocated into 5 groups (30 birds/group with triplicates each) as follows: T1: negative control (noninfected and nontreated with SeNPs); T2: delivered SeNPs (500 µg/kg diet) for 35 successive days, T3: E. tenella-infected (positive control birds), T4: E. tenella-infected and treated with SeNPs (500 µg/kg diet) and T5: E. tenella-infected chicks and treated with anticoccidial agent (sulfadimidine, 16% solution 8 mL/L of drinking water) for 5 successive days. At 14 d of age, each bird in infected groups was orally treated with 3 × 10 sporulated oocyst of E. tenella. SeNPs considerably decreased the number of oocysts in broiler feces compared to positive control and anticoccidial drug, followed by a substantial reduction of parasite phase count in the cecum (15, 10, and 8 for meronts, gamonts, and developing oocysts) when compared with positive control birds. The Eimeria experimental infection lowered the activity of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and reduced glutathione (GSH) while increasing the stress parameters nitric oxide (NO) and malonaldehyde (MDA). Moreover, the production of proinflammatory (TNF-α and IL-6) and apoptotic genes (BcL2 and Cas-3) were significantly elevated. Administrating SeNPs to chicks significantly decreased oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptotic markers in the cecum tissue. Therefore, growth performance, carcass weights, antioxidant enzymes, and blood properties of infected chicks were enhanced. The findings compared the protecting role of Se-nanoparticles against cecum damages in E. tenella-infected broilers.
Topics: Animals; Male; Eimeria tenella; Chickens; Antioxidants; Selenium; Coccidiosis; Diet; Eimeria; Cecum; Poultry Diseases; Oocysts
PubMed: 37866222
DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103111