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Endocrine Practice : Official Journal... May 2024The European Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (EU-TIRADS) allows for selective fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). In 2017, EU-TIRADS was implemented as...
Effects of Implementation of European Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System Risk Stratification in a Thyroid Cancer Program in Western Sweden: A Retrospective Cohort Study.
OBJECTIVE
The European Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (EU-TIRADS) allows for selective fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). In 2017, EU-TIRADS was implemented as part of a nationwide standardized care bundle for thyroid cancer in Western Sweden with a population of approximately 1.7 million. The objective of this study was to investigate the clinical value of EU-TIRADS attempting to reduce the number of unnecessary FNACs in referred patients with thyroid nodules.
METHODS
The study cohort consisted of all patients referred to Sahlgrenska University Hospital due to a palpable, newly detected or growing thyroid nodules or a positron emission tomography-positive finding for examination with thyroid ultrasound and selective cytology between 2018 and 2022. Medical records on EU-TIRADS classification, corresponding FNAC results, and histopathologic diagnosis were retrospectively collected. Adherence to the EU-TIRADS guidelines, use of selective FNAC, and rate of malignancy in patients who underwent surgery were assessed.
RESULTS
In total, 1246 thyroid nodules in 990 patients were evaluated. The distributions of EU-TIRADS 2 to 5 (number [percentage]) for all examined nodules were 63 (5%), 462 (37%), 443 (36%), and 278 (22%), respectively. FNAC was omitted in 7% of the investigated patients. FNAC was performed in 124 nodules (10%) despite not fulfilling the EU-TIRADS criteria or absence of positron emission tomography-positive findings. The rate of malignancy was 33% and 1/50 in patients who underwent "unnecessary" FNAC.
CONCLUSION
Implementation of EU-TIRADS in routine management of thyroid nodules led to the selective use of FNAC; however, the clinical impact was limited. This study provides real-world data on the value and magnitude of diagnostic improvement by implementing EU-TIRADS in clinical practice.
PubMed: 38815693
DOI: 10.1016/j.eprac.2024.05.011 -
World Journal of Gastrointestinal... May 2024Constipation is a significant sociomedical problem, which can be caused by various reasons. In the diagnostic approach to patients with constipation, the following data...
Constipation is a significant sociomedical problem, which can be caused by various reasons. In the diagnostic approach to patients with constipation, the following data are usually sufficient: History, complete physical examination (including rectal examination), and additional diagnostic tests. A colonoscopy is not a necessary diagnostic method for all patients with constipation. However, if patients have alarm symptoms/signs, that suggest an organic reason for constipation, a colonoscopy is necessary. The most important alarm symptoms/signs are age > 50 years, gastrointestinal bleeding, new-onset constipation, a palpable mass in the abdomen and rectum, weight loss, anemia, inflammatory bowel disease, and family history positive for colorectal cancer. Most endoscopists do not like to deal with patients with constipation. There are two reasons for this, namely the difficulty of endoscopy and the adequacy of preparation. Both are adversely affected by constipation. To improve the quality of colonoscopy in these patients, good examination techniques and often more extensive preparation are necessary. Good colonoscopy technique implies adequate psychological preparation of the patient, careful insertion of the endoscope with minimal insufflation, and early detection and resolution of loops. Bowel preparation for colonoscopy often requires prolonged preparation and sometimes the addition of other laxatives.
PubMed: 38813573
DOI: 10.4253/wjge.v16.i5.244 -
Journal of Surgical Case Reports May 2024Intussusception is defined as the telescoping of bowel into itself. Intussusception is the leading cause of bowel obstruction in children, but it is rare in adults [1,...
Intussusception is defined as the telescoping of bowel into itself. Intussusception is the leading cause of bowel obstruction in children, but it is rare in adults [1, 2]. It has a pathological intramural or extramural lead point. In adults, it accounts for 1%-5% of cases of bowel obstruction [3, 4]. Unlike presentation in the paediatric population of cramping abdominal pain, bloody mucus, and palpable mass in right iliac fossa, presentation in adults can be more varied and non-specific [1, 4]. Hence, diagnosis of small bowel intussusception (SBI) can be challenging, requiring a higher degree of clinical suspicion [5]. While cases of paediatric intestinal intussusception are often primary, most adult cases are secondary to structural lesions [5]. This case is of a 57-year-old lady who presented with SBI secondary to a small bowel lipoma (SBL), reflecting the importance of considering SBL as a differential in the causes of SBI.
PubMed: 38812574
DOI: 10.1093/jscr/rjae327 -
Cureus Apr 2024Background A comprehensive understanding of the anatomy of the obturator nerve after its emergence from the obturator foramen is essential when undertaking an obturator...
Background A comprehensive understanding of the anatomy of the obturator nerve after its emergence from the obturator foramen is essential when undertaking an obturator nerve block effectively. This study was conducted to provide precise anatomical guidance of the obturator nerve block with surface landmarks in the inguinal region. Materials and methods A cross-sectional observational study was carried out on 34 dissected embalmed cadaveric lower limbs to investigate anatomic variability of obturator nerve localization concerning bony/ligamentous landmarks viz. the pubic tubercle, anterior superior iliac spine, inguinal ligament, and femoral artery as well as the adductor longus. Results The pubic tubercle and inguinal ligament were found to be the "least variable indicator" and palpable landmark for localization of the main trunk of the obturator nerve exhibiting lesser standard deviation of the mean distance from the obturator nerve exit. Among the soft tissue (vessel/muscle) parameters, the shortest distance of the adductor longus muscle from the obturator nerve exit was found to have the lowest standard deviation, thus making it the most reliable parameter for obturator nerve localization. Conclusion High anatomic variability in the obturator nerve's localization does exist, and this explains the difficulty frequently encountered in the application of regional anesthetic techniques. The pubic tubercle and inguinal ligament points were found to be the least variable and most reliable landmarks for localization of the main trunk of the obturator nerve.
PubMed: 38803737
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.59125 -
Clinical Case Reports Jun 2024Giant pedunculated hepatic hemangiomas, mostly seen in women, are considered a rare type of giant hepatic hemangioma, with challenging diagnosis. Unlike other types of...
KEY CLINICAL MESSAGE
Giant pedunculated hepatic hemangiomas, mostly seen in women, are considered a rare type of giant hepatic hemangioma, with challenging diagnosis. Unlike other types of liver hemangiomas, they can manifest different kinds of symptoms, and are prone to life-threatening manifestations like rupture or torsion.
ABSTRACT
Hemangioma is the most common benign liver primary tumor. Hepatic hemangioma >4 cm (some studies suggest >10 cm) is referred to as a giant hemangioma. Although hepatic hemangioma does not manifest symptoms in most cases, a giant hepatic hemangioma can manifest different kinds of symptoms. Giant pedunculated hepatic hemangiomas are considered a rare type of giant hepatic hemangioma, with challenging diagnosis, as the thin pedicle could be hard to be detected on imaging. A 41-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital, with dull discomfort of the right upper quadrant and epigastric region and early satiety for the past 7 months, with the history of taking oral contraceptive (OCP) for 10 years. Ultrasound and computed tomography revealed a 130 × 124 × 76 mm solid mass, with central cystic lesion, located in the midline of the epigastric region, attaching to the inferior surface of the third segment of the left lobe of the liver. Due to the potential risk for torsion, and rupture of the hemangioma, the management of the patient proceeded to surgical excision. Pathological examination of the specimen confirmed the diagnosis of hepatic hemangioma. Giant pedunculated hepatic hemangioma is a rare benign tumor. It demonstrates higher incidence rate in women, as some hemangiomas have estrogen receptors, and estrogen can lead to endothelial cell proliferation and organization in vascular structure. Most hemangiomas do not express any symptoms; therefore, no treatment is needed except for the patients who manifest symptoms, or in giant pedunculated hemangiomas, as they are prone to rupture or torsion. In this review most cases were female, and most of them presented with abdominal pain, in most cases the tumor located in the left lobe of the liver. Almost all the reviewed cases underwent surgery. Giant hepatic hemangioma is a differential diagnosis of palpable mass, or other symptoms of the right upper quadrant, and epigastric region specially in women taking OCP. Imaging is needed to rule out these tumors, and most often, pedunculated hemangioma is harder to be defined on imaging. It requires surgery because of the risk of acute problems, such as torsion and rupture.
PubMed: 38803323
DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.8995 -
Cureus Apr 2024Adult intussusception is an infrequent occurrence typically resulting from an identifiable lead point of a benign or malignant etiology. Here, we present a case of a...
Adult intussusception is an infrequent occurrence typically resulting from an identifiable lead point of a benign or malignant etiology. Here, we present a case of a 19-year-old male who presented to the emergency department with complaints of abdominal pain, intractable nausea, and fluctuations between bloody diarrhea and constipation. These symptoms had begun two months prior and had increased in severity, resulting in significant appetite changes. An abdominal and pelvic computed tomography scan without contrast was obtained, which showed evidence of intussusception of the ileocecum into the transverse colon with resultant small bowel obstruction. The patient underwent an exploratory laparotomy, which resulted in a partial ileocolectomy due to the presence of a 6.8 cm cecal mass with palpable mesenteric lymphadenopathy. The pathologic specimen was identified as Burkitt lymphoma based on a combination of histologic, immunohistochemical, and fluorescence in situ hybridization findings. Currently, the patient is undergoing three cycles of rituximab, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin, high-dose methotrexate, ifosfamide, etoposide, and high-dose cytarabine (R-CODOX-M/IVAC) per Magrath protocol for low-risk Burkitt lymphoma.
PubMed: 38800252
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.58937 -
Cureus Apr 2024Preputial calculus is an infrequent manifestation of urolithiasis, primarily observed in ageing individuals with an uncircumcised penis and not maintaining proper...
Preputial calculus is an infrequent manifestation of urolithiasis, primarily observed in ageing individuals with an uncircumcised penis and not maintaining proper hygiene, which can further be complicated by co-morbidities such as phimosis. On the contrary, phimosis and other neurological/urological malformations have also been reported in children to cause preputial calculus. Overall clinical presentations include a palpable mass within the prepuce, dysuria, hematuria, obstructive uropathy, diminished urine flow, and malodorous discharge. This is a case of a 65-year-old male presented with a complaint of obstructed urinary flow. The patient was diagnosed with obstructive uropathy due to the presence of preputial stone/s. This case illustrates both singular and multiple stones in the affected patient. The patient was managed by surgical intervention by circumcision followed by calculus removal. As per the available published literature, this case can be noted as the first report of the largest preputial stone in an elderly in any rural setup of central India.
PubMed: 38800222
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.58968 -
Radiology Case Reports Aug 2024This case report aims to describe the clinical presentation, imaging findings, histopathological features and therapeutic approach of a patient diagnosed with coexisting...
This case report aims to describe the clinical presentation, imaging findings, histopathological features and therapeutic approach of a patient diagnosed with coexisting breast sarcoma and thymoma. A 64-year-old woman presented with a palpable lump in her left breast, and subsequent imaging studies (ultrasound, mammography, and MRI) revealed breast sarcoma, a rare and aggressive subtype of breast cancer. At the same time, the MRI revealed the presence of a thymoma. A multidisciplinary approach involving surgeon, breast specialist and oncologist is essential for optimal management and favorable outcomes in patients with this rare diagnosis.
PubMed: 38800081
DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2024.04.077 -
Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery.... May 2024Nipple adenomas (NAs) are rare benign proliferative tumors presenting as palpable nodules, erosive lesions, or nipple discharge, mimicking other conditions. This...
BACKGROUND
Nipple adenomas (NAs) are rare benign proliferative tumors presenting as palpable nodules, erosive lesions, or nipple discharge, mimicking other conditions. This systematic review categorizes cases into sole NA (ONA) or co-diagnoses with other conditions (CONA) to enhance clinical recognition, diagnosis, and treatment efficacy.
METHODS
Following PRISMA guidelines, a PubMed search was conducted for NA. Inclusion criteria covered original research, excluding reviews or other breast diseases. Bias risk was assessed through a thorough search, authors independently evaluated studies, and data were synthesized using varied measures. Subgroups ONA and CONA were formed. Analyses were conducted in Excel and R, complemented by a qualitative review due to case report predominance. Biases in case reports were transparently addressed.
RESULTS
Of the 86 studies, 387 cases were analyzed, showing 10.34% with co-diagnoses of malignant or premalignant conditions. Mean age was 44, with a female predominance (97%). ONA (347 cases) and CONA (40 cases) subgroups exhibited variations in symptoms, physical findings, and imaging. Treatment modalities included excision (51.39%), biopsy alone (11.1%), and mastectomy (8.6%). Mean follow-up of 56.73 months revealed recurrence (2.87%) and malignancy development (1.79%), notably in CONA cases (33.33%).
CONCLUSIONS
This study provides insights into the broader age range of NA and its associations. Higher co-diagnosis rates were correlated with older age, highlighting the necessity for thorough investigation, with excision as the primary treatment. Follow-up emphasizes the significance of identifying and monitoring CONA cases, which pose a higher malignancy risk. Recurrence is presumed to be linked to proper lesion excision and co-diagnosis.
PubMed: 38798941
DOI: 10.1097/GOX.0000000000005827 -
Narra J Apr 2024Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common hereditary polycystic kidney disease characterized by renal enlargement, resulting in renal...
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common hereditary polycystic kidney disease characterized by renal enlargement, resulting in renal failure. In Indonesia, the exact prevalence of ADPKD is unknown due to limited reports on the disease. The aim of this study was to report a case of a patient with ADPKD with multiple complications. A 54-year-old male presented to the emergency room of Dr. Soetomo Academic General Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia, with a chief complaint of dark-red-colored urine for one week. There was a progressive abdominal enlargement over the past five years, which had become more tense and rigid for the past one month. The patient had a history of fatigue and hypertension with routine follow-up. Physical examination on admission showed normal vital signs, and the abdominal assessment revealed a palpable hard mass approximately 4 cm in size in the right upper abdomen. Laboratory test indicated anemia, leukocytosis, lymphopenia, proteinuria, hematuria, leukocyturia, and elevated serum creatinine and urea levels. Abdominal imaging using ultrasonography, computed tomography (CT) scan, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed bilateral kidney and liver enlargement containing multiple cysts, suggesting polycystic kidney and liver disease. There was a ruptured cyst in the middle of the left kidney pole with minimal ascites found in the CT scan. The MRI exhibited the presence of multiple cysts in both kidneys, partially filled with blood. The patient was diagnosed with ADPKD, gross hematuria, acute or chronic kidney disease (CKD), urinary tract infection (UTI), normochromic-normocytic anemia, and metabolic acidosis. Dietary control with high-calorie, high-protein, and low-salt diet; fluid balance; and other symptomatic medications were initiated. It is critical to be aware of risk factors associated with the rapid progression of ADPKD in order to be able to provide a favorable impact on the disease prevention and management.
Topics: Humans; Polycystic Kidney, Autosomal Dominant; Male; Middle Aged; Indonesia; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 38798842
DOI: 10.52225/narra.v4i1.584