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Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao = Chinese... Feb 2024Human bocaparvovirus 1 (HBoV1) is one of the two parvoviruses that infect humans and cause diseases. Infection with HBoV1 in infants and young children aged 2-5 years...
Human bocaparvovirus 1 (HBoV1) is one of the two parvoviruses that infect humans and cause diseases. Infection with HBoV1 in infants and young children aged 2-5 years can lead to mild or severe acute respiratory diseases, with the most severe cases posing a life-threatening risk. Similar to other parvoviruses, the HBoV1 DNA genome consists of two terminal reverse repeats (ITRs) at its ends, which are necessary for viral genome replication. However, up to now, it has remained a technical challenge to clone the entire ITRs through PCR amplification. In this study, we successfully constructed a full-length infectious clone of HBoV1, termed as pSKHBoV1, by synthesizing and cloning the terminal ITRs in a stepwise manner. After transfecting HEK293 cells with the infectious clone pSKHBoV1, we were able to reconstitute the viral replication cycle. This included the expression of key non-structural proteins, post-transcriptional modification and processing of viral RNA, viral genome replication, and potentially the production of progeny virions containing the defined DNA genome. The successful construction of the infectious clone pSKHBoV1 lays the foundation for future studies on HBoV1 replication and propagation, virus-host interaction, and the development of viral vaccines.
Topics: Child; Humans; Child, Preschool; HEK293 Cells; Human bocavirus; Virus Replication; Clone Cells; DNA
PubMed: 38369835
DOI: 10.13345/j.cjb.230474 -
Internal Medicine (Tokyo, Japan) Feb 2024Parvovirus B19 infection can cause chronic pure red cell aplasia in immunosuppressed hosts or acute and transient aplastic crises in immunocompetent hosts. In dialysis...
Parvovirus B19 infection can cause chronic pure red cell aplasia in immunosuppressed hosts or acute and transient aplastic crises in immunocompetent hosts. In dialysis patients, only transient aplastic crisis induced by parvovirus B19 infection has been reported. We herein report the first case of an adult dialysis patient who developed chronic pure red cell aplasia associated with parvovirus B19 infection. Repeated pneumonia and heart failure may contribute to an immunocompromised status, making the patient more vulnerable to parvovirus B19 infection. This case expands on the differential diagnosis of chronic anemia in patients undergoing dialysis.
PubMed: 38369359
DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.2631-23 -
Qatar Medical Journal 2024Anemia in kidney transplant recipients can stem from a diverse array of etiologies, including dietary deficiencies, inflammatory processes, allograft dysfunction, as...
Anemia in kidney transplant recipients can stem from a diverse array of etiologies, including dietary deficiencies, inflammatory processes, allograft dysfunction, as well as viral and bacterial infections. We present a case of refractory anemia in a 49-year-old male patient occurring within the initial month following a kidney transplant, which persisted despite numerous transfusions, posing a formidable challenge. The patient was maintained on the standard immunosuppressant regimen-Tacrolimus, Mycophenolate, and Prednisolone. Diagnostic evaluations eliminated well-established causes such as dietary deficiencies, gastrointestinal losses, and prevalent infections. Subsequently, after viral PCR testing, a diagnosis of Pure Red Cell Aplasia (PRCA) due to infection with parvovirus B19 was made. Although the patient had a reduction in the immunosuppression drugs and received a course of Intravenous Immunoglobulins (IVIG) on two separate occasions spanning two months, the anemia relapsed. Subsequently, after an additional dose of IVIG with further modification and reduction of the immunosuppressant regimen, including stopping the mycophenolate and switching tacrolimus with cyclosporine, the patient ultimately achieved successful resolution of his symptoms and a significant decrease in viral load. Our case highlights the significance of unconventional etiologies when confronted with anemia in the setting of kidney transplantation. Furthermore, it also provides further insights into therapeutic avenues for addressing PRCA in kidney transplant recipients.
PubMed: 38344403
DOI: 10.5339/qmj.2024.8 -
PloS One 2024Acute haemorrhagic diarrhoea is a common complaint in dogs. In addition to causes like intestinal parasites, dietary indiscretion, intestinal foreign bodies, canine...
Acute haemorrhagic diarrhoea is a common complaint in dogs. In addition to causes like intestinal parasites, dietary indiscretion, intestinal foreign bodies, canine parvovirus infection, or hypoadrenocorticism, acute haemorrhagic diarrhoea syndrome (AHDS) is an important and sometimes life-threatening differential diagnosis. There is some evidence supporting the link between Clostridium perfringens toxins and AHDS. These toxins may be partially responsible for the epithelial cell injury, but the pathogenesis of AHDS is still not fully understood. Recent studies have suggested that severe damage to the intestinal mucosa and associated barrier dysfunction can trigger chronic gastrointestinal illnesses. Besides bloodwork and classical markers for AHDS such as protein loss and intestinal bacterial dysbiosis, we focused mainly on the plasma-proteome to identify systemic pathological alterations during this disease and searched for potential biomarkers to improve the diagnosis. To accomplish the goals, we used liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. We compared the proteomic profiles of 20 dogs with AHDS to 20 age-, breed-, and sex-matched control dogs. All dogs were examined, and several blood work parameters were determined and compared, including plasma biochemistry and cell counts. We identified and quantified (relative quantification) 207 plasmatic proteins, from which dozens showed significantly altered levels in AHDS. Serpina3, Lipopolysaccharide-binding protein, several Ig-like domain-containing proteins, Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and Serum amyloid A were more abundant in plasma from AHDS affected dogs. In contrast, other proteins such as Paraoxonase, Selenoprotein, Amine oxidases, and Apolipoprotein C-IV were significantly less abundant. Many of the identified and quantified proteins are known to be associated with inflammation. Other proteins like Serpina3 and RPLP1 have a relevant role in oncogenesis. Some proteins and their roles have not yet been described in dogs with diarrhoea. Our study opens new avenues that could contribute to the understanding of the aetiology and pathophysiology of AHDS.
Topics: Dogs; Animals; Proteome; Proteomics; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage; Syndrome; Diarrhea; Dog Diseases
PubMed: 38330002
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297924 -
Transfusion Medicine and Hemotherapy :... Feb 2024Parvovirus B19 transmitted by umbilical cord blood (UCB) products may cause severe disease in allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. Thus, commercially...
INTRODUCTION
Parvovirus B19 transmitted by umbilical cord blood (UCB) products may cause severe disease in allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. Thus, commercially available nucleic acid test (NAT) assays for highly sensitive detection of parvovirus B19 DNA validated for the specimen cord blood plasma (CBP) are required to avoid parvovirus B19 transmission by umbilical hematopoietic stem cell preparations.
METHODS
The multiplex cobas DPX NAT assay was validated for detection of parvovirus B19 DNA in CBP derived from citrate anticoagulated UCB units which have been processed by the Rubinstein method. In total, 363 retained CBP samples pretested negative for parvovirus B19 DNA were prepared for analyzing sensitivity, specificity, and interference of that NAT assay. The 3rd WHO International Standard for parvovirus B19 DNA was used for determining the 95% limit of detection (LOD95) by probit analysis.
RESULTS
The validation of the parvovirus B19 NAT assay for CBP demonstrated high sensitivity, specificity, intra- and inter-assay precision. Dilution series and replicate analyses showed a high linearity of the assay with a coefficient of determination above 0.99 and revealed a LOD95 of 17 International Units (IU)/mL (95% confidence interval, 14-44 IU/mL) for parvovirus B19 DNA in CBP samples.
CONCLUSION
The validation of a commercially available parvovirus B19 NAT assay for the specimen CBP demonstrated a high assay performance fulfilling German guidelines and international regulations.
PubMed: 38314242
DOI: 10.1159/000532073 -
Journal of Veterinary Science Jan 2024Canine parvoviral enteritis (CPE) is a fatal disease worldwide. The treatment of CPE is based mainly on supportive and symptomatic treatment. Antiviral addition to the...
BACKGROUND
Canine parvoviral enteritis (CPE) is a fatal disease worldwide. The treatment of CPE is based mainly on supportive and symptomatic treatment. Antiviral addition to the treatment may result in a higher survival.
OBJECTIVES
This study evaluated the effects of antiviral treatments with a standardized treatment (ST) on the clinical and inflammatory response of dogs with naturally occurring CPE.
METHODS
Twenty-eight dogs with CPE caused by canine parvovirus type 2 were divided randomly into treatment groups. The ST group received fluid, antibiotic, antiemetic, and deworming treatments. The antiviral treatment groups received the same ST with an additional antiviral drug, recombinant feline interferon omega (rFeIFN-ω), oseltamivir (OSEL) or famciclovir (FAM).
RESULTS
Compared to the healthy control, the tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, interferon (IFN)-α, IFN-γ, haptoglobin, and C-reactive protein values were high ( < 0.05) on day zero. At presentation, mild lymphopenia, neutropenia, and a high neutrophil to lymphocyte (LYM) ratio (NLR) were also observed. Adding rFeIFN-ω to the ST produced the best improvement in the clinical score with a decreased NLR, while leucocytes remained low and inflammatory markers stayed high on day three. The survival rates of the groups were 85.7% in ST+IFN, 71.4% in ST+OSEL, 71.4% in ST+FAM, and 57.1% in ST groups on day seven.
CONCLUSIONS
Antiviral drugs may be valuable in treating CPE to improve the clinical signs and survival. In addition, the decrease in NLR in favor of LYM may be an indicator of the early prognosis before the improvement of leukocytes, cytokines, and acute phase proteins in CPE.
Topics: Animals; Dogs; Cats; Parvoviridae Infections; Parvovirus, Canine; Oseltamivir; Antiviral Agents; Enteritis; Dog Diseases; Cat Diseases
PubMed: 38311324
DOI: 10.4142/jvs.23139 -
Anales de Pediatria Feb 2024Hydrops fetalis (HF) is a rare condition with a high mortality. This study analysed the obstetric and perinatal outcomes of antenatally diagnosed HF according to its...
INTRODUCTION
Hydrops fetalis (HF) is a rare condition with a high mortality. This study analysed the obstetric and perinatal outcomes of antenatally diagnosed HF according to its aetiology and the possibility of intrauterine treatment (IUT).
PATIENTS AND METHODS
We carried out a retrospective review of the health records of 164 pregnant women with a prenatal diagnosis of HF in a tertiary care centre between 2011-2021. We analysed prenatal interventions, clinical findings, aetiologies and obstetric and live-born infant outcomes.
RESULTS
An invasive prenatal study had been performed in 79.3% cases. The most common aetiologies were genetic disorders (31%), TORCH and parvovirus B19 infections (9.7%) and structural heart diseases (9.1%). Intrauterine treatment was performed in 25.6%, and 74.4% of pregnancies were terminated. Pregnancies with a prenatal diagnosis of genetic or chromosomal disorders had higher rates of elective termination compared to other aetiologies (P < .01). Among all pregnancies, only 25.6% resulted in live births (LBs), most of them preterm. Perinatal and 1-year survival rates were higher in the group that received IUT (P < .001). Among the LBs, structural heart diseases had the worst survival rates, while the aetiology with the best outcomes was tachyarrhythmia. Survival at 1 year of life among those born alive was 70%, but 58.6% of these infants had significant morbidity at discharge.
CONCLUSIONS
Despite advances in the management of FH, the poor obstetric prognosis, perinatal mortality and morbidity of survivors is still significant. These data are important for the purpose of counselling families when HF is diagnosed antenatally.
Topics: Infant, Newborn; Humans; Pregnancy; Female; Hydrops Fetalis; Tertiary Care Centers; Prenatal Diagnosis; Retrospective Studies; Heart Diseases
PubMed: 38307752
DOI: 10.1016/j.anpede.2024.01.006 -
Epidemiology and Infection Feb 2024Women infected during pregnancy with TORCH (Toxoplasmosis, Other, Rubella, Cytomegalovirus, and Herpes simplex viruses) pathogens have a higher risk of adverse birth...
Women infected during pregnancy with TORCH (Toxoplasmosis, Other, Rubella, Cytomegalovirus, and Herpes simplex viruses) pathogens have a higher risk of adverse birth outcomes including stillbirth / miscarriage because of mother-to-child transmission. To investigate these risks in pregnant women in Kenya, we analyzed serum specimens from a pregnancy cohort study at three healthcare facilities. A sample of 481 participants was selected for TORCH pathogen antibody testing to determine seroprevalence. A random selection of 285 from the 481 participants was selected to measure seroconversion. These sera were tested using an IgG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay against 10 TORCH pathogens. We found that the seroprevalence of all but three of the 10 TORCH pathogens at enrollment was >30%, except for (3.8%), (11.4%), and varicella zoster virus (0.5%). Conversely, very few participants seroconverted during their pregnancy and were herpes simplex virus type 2 ( = 24, 11.2%), parvovirus B19 ( = 14, 6.2%), and rubella ( = 12, 5.1%). For birth outcomes, 88% of the participant had live births and 12% had stillbirths or miscarriage. Cytomegalovirus positivity at enrolment had a statistically significant positive association with a live birth outcome ( = 0.0394). Of the 10 TORCH pathogens tested, none had an association with adverse pregnancy outcome.
Topics: Humans; Female; Pregnancy; Seroepidemiologic Studies; Kenya; Adult; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Rubella; Cytomegalovirus Infections; Young Adult; Seroconversion; Herpes Simplex; Cohort Studies; Toxoplasmosis; Adolescent; Antibodies, Viral
PubMed: 38305089
DOI: 10.1017/S0950268824000165 -
Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2024Feline parvovirus (FPV), a single-stranded DNA virus, is accountable for causing feline panleukopenia, a highly contagious and often lethal disease that primarily...
INTRODUCTION
Feline parvovirus (FPV), a single-stranded DNA virus, is accountable for causing feline panleukopenia, a highly contagious and often lethal disease that primarily affects cats. The epidemiology prevalence and pathogenicity of FPV in certain regions of China, however, remains unclear. The aim of this research was to investigate the epidemiology of FPV in different regions of China in 2021 and compare its infectivity and pathogenicity.
METHODS
In this research, a total of 36 FPV strains were obtained from diverse regions across China. Phylogenetic analysis was performed based on the VP2 and NS1 sequences, and two representative strains, FPV027 and FPV072, which belonged to different branches, were selected for comparative assessment of infectivity and pathogenicity.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The results revealed that all strains were phylogenetically classified into two groups, G1 and G2, with a higher prevalence of G1 strains in China. Both and experiments demonstrated that FPV072 (G1 group) exhibited enhanced infectivity and pathogenicity compared to FPV027 (G2 Group). The structural alignment of the VP2 protein between the two viruses revealed mutations in residues 91, 232, and 300 that may contribute to differences in infectivity and pathogenicity. The findings from these observations will contribute significantly to the overall understanding of the molecular epidemiology of FPV in China and facilitate the development of an effective FPV vaccine.
PubMed: 38288138
DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1328244 -
Viruses Jan 2024Successful reproductive performance is key to farm competitiveness in the global marketplace. Porcine parvovirus 1 (PPV1) has been identified as a major cause of...
Successful reproductive performance is key to farm competitiveness in the global marketplace. Porcine parvovirus 1 (PPV1) has been identified as a major cause of reproductive failure, and since 2001 new species of porcine parvoviruses, namely PPV2-7, have been identified, although their role is not yet fully understood yet. The present study aimed to investigate PPVs' presence in reproductive failure outbreaks occurring in 124 farms of northern Italy. Fetuses were collected from 338 sows between 2019 and 2021 and tested for PPVs by real-time PCR-based assays and for other viruses responsible for reproductive disease. At least one PPV species was detected in 59.7% (74/124) of the tested farms. In order, PPV1, PPV5, PPV6, PPV7 and PPV4 were the most frequently detected species, whereas fewer detections were registered for PPV2 and PPV3. Overall, the new PPV2-7 species were detected in 26.6% (90/338) of the cases, both alone or in co-infections: PCV-2 (7.1%, 24/338), PCV-3 (8.2%, 28/338), and PRRSV-1 (6.2%, 21/338) were frequently identified in association with PPVs. Single PPVs detections or co-infections with other agents commonly responsible for reproductive failure should encourage future studies investigating their biological, clinical, and epidemiological role, for a better preparedness for potential emerging challenges in intensive pig production.
Topics: Swine; Animals; Female; Parvovirus, Porcine; Swine Diseases; Coinfection; Parvoviridae Infections; Prevalence; Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus
PubMed: 38275967
DOI: 10.3390/v16010157