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Heliyon May 2024The demand for cowhide (ponmo) is currently very high, particularly in Nigeria, due to rising commodity prices, including animal proteins, which has forced a larger...
The demand for cowhide (ponmo) is currently very high, particularly in Nigeria, due to rising commodity prices, including animal proteins, which has forced a larger percentage of the population who cannot afford meat, chicken, turkey or eggs to rely on other meat products such as "ponmo," "kundi," and "tinko" as an alternative source of protein. This research aims to identify microorganisms associated with ponmo, determine the antibiogram of the isolates, and assess the nutritional value of ponmo marketed in Ilishan-Remo central market. Six ponmo vendors were sampled for Dry White Ponmo (DWP), Wet White Ponmo (WWP), Wet Brown Ponmo (WBP) and Brown Ponmo Water (BPW) and transported in sterile containers to the Laboratory for analysis to determine the microbial load, sensitivity, and proximate analysis using standardized methods. For microbiological analysis, samples were tested in triplicate. All samples analyzed had a high microbial load count (from 1.1 x 10 to 1.4 x 10). The organisms isolated were (34.21 %) (26.31 %) spp. (18.42 %) spp. (13.15 %) and Coagulase-negative staphylococci (7.89 %). All the isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR). Septrin had the highest resistivity (86.84 %) while gentamicin had the lowest resistance (7.89 %). Pefloxacin sensitivity was observed in 37 of the 38 isolates (97.37 % sensitivity). Ciprofloxacin and gentamicin came second and third (84.2 % and 73.68 % sensitivity) respectively. According to the proximate analysis, the WWP has more protein, fat, and fiber, whereas the WBP has more moisture. Food handlers should follow Good Hygiene Practices and take a Food Handlers Test regularly.
PubMed: 38813194
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30882 -
Micromachines Nov 2023By using melamine as a precursor for the copolymerization process, g-CN and g-CN/TCNQ/Eu complexes with various amounts of doping were created. These complexes were then...
By using melamine as a precursor for the copolymerization process, g-CN and g-CN/TCNQ/Eu complexes with various amounts of doping were created. These complexes were then examined using XRD, FT-IR, SEM, TEM, XPS, PL, UV-vis, and I-T. The degradation rates of pefloxacin (PEF), enrofloxacin (ENR), and ciprofloxacin (CIP) were 91.1%, 90.8%, and 93.2% under visible light (λ > 550 nm). The photocatalytic performance of the composite was analyzed, and the best effect was obtained for CIP photocatalysis when Eu doping was 3 mg at 20 °C and pH 7. Kinetic analysis showed that there was a linear relationship between the sample and the photocatalytic time, and the degradation rate was about 5 times that of g-CN. The cyclic stability of the g-CN/TCNQ/Eu composite sample was found to be good through repeated experiments. UPLC-MS visualizes the degradation process of CIP. The extremely low stability of piperazine ring induced subsequent degradation, followed by the fracture of quinolone ring promoting the complete decomposition of CIP.
PubMed: 38138315
DOI: 10.3390/mi14122146 -
Kansas Journal of Medicine 2023Intra-articular antibiotics have been proposed as a treatment for septic arthritis to allow for high local concentrations without subjecting a patient to the... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Intra-articular antibiotics have been proposed as a treatment for septic arthritis to allow for high local concentrations without subjecting a patient to the toxicity/side effects of systemic therapy. However, there is concern for chondrotoxicity with intra-articular use of these solutions in high concentrations. The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate the intra-articular use of antibiotics and antiseptic solutions, and to determine their association with chondrolysis following or administration.
METHODS
A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines through PubMed, Clinical Key, OVID, and Google Scholar. Studies in English were included if they evaluated for chondrotoxicity following antibiotic exposure.
RESULTS
The initial search resulted in 228 studies, with 36 studies meeting criteria. These 36 studies included manuscripts that studied 24 different agents. Overall, 7 of the 24 (29%) agents were non-chondrotoxic: minocycline, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, teicoplanin, pefloxacin, linezolid, polymyxin-bacitracin. Eight (33%) agents had inconsistent results: doxycycline, ceftriaxone, gentamicin, vancomycin, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, chlorhexidine, and povidone iodine. Chondrotoxicity was evident with 9 (38%) agents, all of which were also dose-dependent chondrotoxic based on reported estimated half maximal inhibitory concentrations (est. IC50): amikacin (est. IC50 = 0.31-2.74 mg/mL), neomycin (0.82), cefazolin (1.67-3.95), ceftazidime (3.16-3.59), ampicillin-sulbactam (8.64 - >25), penicillin (11.61), amoxicillin (14.01), imipenem (>25), and tobramycin (>25). Additionally, chondroprotective effects of doxycycline and minocycline were reported.
CONCLUSIONS
This systematic review identified agents that may be used in the treatment of septic arthritis. Nine agents should be avoided due to their dose-dependent chondrotoxic effects. Further studies are needed to clarify the safety of these medications for human intra-articular use.
PubMed: 37954883
DOI: 10.17161/kjm.vol16.20357 -
Journal of Global Antimicrobial... Dec 2023This study reports the genomic characterization of the multidrug resistant Salmonella Newport strain 195_20 recovered from the diarrheic faeces of a foal in Brazil and...
OBJECTIVES
This study reports the genomic characterization of the multidrug resistant Salmonella Newport strain 195_20 recovered from the diarrheic faeces of a foal in Brazil and co-harbouring the mcr-9, bla and qnrB19 antibiotic resistance genes.
METHODS
Bacterial isolate positive for mobile colistin resistance gene (mcr-9) was submitted to antimicrobial susceptibility testing by disk diffusion and broth microdilution for colistin and polymyxin B. The isolate was submitted to whole genome sequencing by Illumina technology and Nanopore Sequencing. Conjugation assays, plasmid sizes determined by S1-PFGE and plasmid content were investigated by hybrid assembly after MinIon long reads sequencing.
RESULTS
Isolate 195_20 was identified as sequence type ST45, resistant to penicillin and cephalosporins (ampicillin, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone and cefotaxime), aminoglycosides (streptomycin and gentamicin), phenicol (chloramphenicol), quinolones and fluoroquinolones (nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, and pefloxacin), folate pathway antagonists (sulfonamides and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole), and tetracycline. A transferable IncHI2/IncHI2A plasmid sized ca. 262kb was found to carry the mcr-9 gene in a module consisting of IS903-mcr-9-wbuC-IS26. In addition, an 174kb IncC and a 48kb IncN plasmid were also identified in the 195_20 isolate, carrying bla and qnrB19, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
Not surprisingly, isolate 195_20 was susceptible to polymyxins, possibly due to absence of qseBC regulatory operon. Presence of mobile colistin resistance (mcr-9), third-generation cephalosporins (bla) and quinolone (qnrB19) resistance determinants in zoonotic pathogens from animals in close contact with humans alerts for the possible route of transmission between these different reservoirs.
Topics: Animals; Horses; Humans; Colistin; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Proteins; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Genomics; Salmonella; Feces; Cephalosporins
PubMed: 37805072
DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2023.09.019 -
Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry Oct 2023The present work aimed to develop an accurate analytical method for the simultaneous analysis of twenty-four antimicrobials in soil:compost and animal manure samples by...
The present work aimed to develop an accurate analytical method for the simultaneous analysis of twenty-four antimicrobials in soil:compost and animal manure samples by means of ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to a triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer (UHPLC-QqQ). For this purpose, the effectiveness of two extraction techniques (i.e. focused ultrasound solid-liquid extraction (FUSLE) and QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe)) was evaluated, and the clean-up step using solid-phase extraction (SPE) was also thoroughly studied. The method was successfully validated at 10 μg·kg, 25 μg·kg, and 50 μg·kg showing adequate trueness (70-130%) and repeatability (RSD < 30%), with few exceptions. Procedural limits of quantification (LOQ) were determined for soil:compost (0.45 to 7.50 μg·kg) and manure (0.31 to 5.53 μg·kg) samples. Pefloxacin could not be validated at the lowest level since LOQ ≥ 10 μg·kg. Sulfamethazine (7.9 ± 0.8 µg·kg), danofloxacin (27.1 ± 1.4 µg·kg) and trimethoprim (4.9 ± 0.5 µg·kg) were detected in soil samples; and tetracycline (56.8 ± 2.8 µg·kg), among other antimicrobials, in the plants grown on the surface of the studied soil samples. Similarly, sulfonamides (SAs), tetracyclines (TCs) and fluoroquinolones (FQs) were detected in sheep manure in a range of 1.7 ± 0.3 to 93.3 ± 6.8 µg·kg. Soil and manure samples were also analysed through UHPLC coupled to a high-resolution mass-spectrometer (UHPLC-qOrbitrap) in order to extend the multitarget method to suspect screening of more than 22,281 suspects. A specific transformation product (TP) of sulfamethazine (formyl-sulfamethazine) was annotated at 2a level in manure samples, among others. This work contributes to the efforts that have been made in the last decade to develop analytical methods that allow multitarget analysis of a wide variety of antimicrobials, including TPs, which is a complex task due to the diverse physicochemical properties of the antimicrobials.
PubMed: 37610438
DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04905-2