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Foods (Basel, Switzerland) May 2024The preparation of matrix-matched material for elemental quantitative analysis in rice flour matrix is proposed here for the first time as part of a feasibility study...
The preparation of matrix-matched material for elemental quantitative analysis in rice flour matrix is proposed here for the first time as part of a feasibility study using the SN-ICP-MS and LA-ICP-MS methods. It was prepared via the spiking process in colloidal solution of rice flour with different levels of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb), followed by drying in a climatic chamber. Comparative studies of the results on external calibration and gravimetric standard addition ICP-MS approaches through the use of calibration standard solutions were discussed. Method bias from the external calibration method was investigated, demonstrating the systematic effect arising from the sample matrix. Characterizing the concentration of measurands was then reasonably proposed using the gravimetric standard addition ICP-MS. Using powdered rice matrix reference material for ICP-MS calibration following acid digestion, the study showed a good agreement of recovery studies. A feasibility study of the LA-ICP-MS method as a direct solid analysis performed on the matrix-matched standard was then discussed. In the study, large fluctuation of signals was found for constructing calibration curve, generating poor linearity, especially for As and Pb, although yttrium (Y) as internal standard was applied. This might be ascribed to a limited microscale of homogeneity, and particularly laser-induced preferential evaporation of volatile elements. Using a number of measured data points, the mean and median were statistically recommended to improve precision. An attempt to use of similar matrix in both standard and sample is a critical point to consider to minimize the elemental fractionation effect. The proposed approach to prepare matrix-matched material could be a potential means for achieving elemental quantitation.
PubMed: 38890833
DOI: 10.3390/foods13111604 -
EuroIntervention : Journal of EuroPCR... Jun 2024Long-term follow-up is essential to evaluate the impact of polymer degradation in drug-eluting stents (DES). (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND
Long-term follow-up is essential to evaluate the impact of polymer degradation in drug-eluting stents (DES).
AIMS
We aimed to compare durable-polymer DES (DP-DES) and biodegradable-polymer DES (BP-DES) during a 3-year follow-up to evaluate the entire period of polymer resolution (before, during, and after degradation).
METHODS
The HOST REDUCE POLYTECH RCT Trial was a randomised clinical trial enrolling patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and comparing the efficacy and safety of DP-DES and BP-DES. The primary outcome was a patient-oriented composite outcome (POCO), and the key secondary outcome was a device-oriented composite outcome (DOCO).
RESULTS
A total of 3,413 ACS patients were randomised to either the DP-DES (1,713 patients) or BP-DES (1,700 patients) group. During the 3-year follow-up, the risk of the POCO was similar between the DP-DES and BP-DES groups (14.8% vs 15.4%, hazard ratio [HR] 0.96, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.80-1.14; p=0.613). However, the risk of the DOCO was lower in the DP-DES group (6.0% vs 8.0%, HR 0.73, 95% CI: 0.57-0.95; p=0.020). In a landmark analysis, the lower risk of the DOCO for the DP-DES group was evident during the transition from the early to the late period after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) (from 8 to 16 months post-PCI; 1.8% vs 3.3%, HR 0.54, 95% CI: 0.34-0.84; p=0.007), which was mainly driven by a risk reduction of target lesion revascularisation.
CONCLUSIONS
In ACS patients, DP-DES showed similar results to BP-DES regarding the POCO up to 3 years. For the DOCO, DP-DES were superior to BP-DES; this was due to the higher event rate during the period of polymer degradation.
Topics: Humans; Drug-Eluting Stents; Acute Coronary Syndrome; Male; Female; Polymers; Middle Aged; Aged; Absorbable Implants; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention; Treatment Outcome; Prosthesis Design; Time Factors
PubMed: 38887886
DOI: 10.4244/EIJ-D-23-01053 -
Stem Cell Research & Therapy Jun 2024Cartilage is a kind of avascular tissue, and it is difficult to repair itself when it is damaged. In this study, we investigated the regulation of chondrogenic...
BACKGROUND
Cartilage is a kind of avascular tissue, and it is difficult to repair itself when it is damaged. In this study, we investigated the regulation of chondrogenic differentiation and vascular formation in human jaw bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (h-JBMMSCs) by the long-chain noncoding RNA small nucleolar RNA host gene 1 (SNHG1) during cartilage tissue regeneration.
METHODS
JBMMSCs were isolated from the jaws via the adherent method. The effects of lncRNA SNHG1 on the chondrogenic differentiation of JBMMSCs in vitro were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), Pellet experiment, Alcian blue staining, Masson's trichrome staining, and modified Sirius red staining. RT-qPCR, matrix gel tube formation, and coculture experiments were used to determine the effect of lncRNA SNHG1 on the angiogenesis in JBMMSCs in vitro. A model of knee cartilage defects in New Zealand rabbits and a model of subcutaneous matrix rubber suppositories in nude mice were constructed for in vivo experiments. Changes in mitochondrial function were detected via RT-qPCR, dihydroethidium (DHE) staining, MitoSOX staining, tetramethyl rhodamine methyl ester (TMRM) staining, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) detection. Western blotting was used to detect the phosphorylation level of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3).
RESULTS
Alcian blue staining, Masson's trichrome staining, and modified Sirius Red staining showed that lncRNA SNHG1 promoted chondrogenic differentiation. The lncRNA SNHG1 promoted angiogenesis in vitro and the formation of microvessels in vivo. The lncRNA SNHG1 promoted the repair and regeneration of rabbit knee cartilage tissue. Western blot and alcian blue staining showed that the JAK inhibitor reduced the increase of STAT3 phosphorylation level and staining deepening caused by SNHG1. Mitochondrial correlation analysis revealed that the lncRNA SNHG1 led to a decrease in reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, an increase in mitochondrial membrane potential and an increase in ATP levels. Alcian blue staining showed that the ROS inhibitor significantly alleviated the decrease in blue fluorescence caused by SNHG1 knockdown.
CONCLUSIONS
The lncRNA SNHG1 promotes chondrogenic differentiation and angiogenesis of JBMMSCs. The lncRNA SNHG1 regulates the phosphorylation of STAT3, reduces the level of ROS, regulates mitochondrial energy metabolism, and ultimately promotes cartilage regeneration.
Topics: RNA, Long Noncoding; Humans; Animals; Cell Differentiation; Rabbits; Mitochondria; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Chondrogenesis; Mice; Mice, Nude; Regeneration; Neovascularization, Physiologic; Cartilage; STAT3 Transcription Factor; Angiogenesis
PubMed: 38886785
DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03793-2 -
BMC Oral Health Jun 2024This study evaluated the clinical benefits of adding NanoBone with split-crest technique and simultaneous implant placement covered with platelet-rich fibrin membrane in... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
Tomographic assessment of bone changes in atrophic maxilla treated by split-crest technique and dental implants with platelet-rich fibrin and NanoBone versus platelet-rich fibrin alone: Randomized controlled trial.
BACKGROUND
This study evaluated the clinical benefits of adding NanoBone with split-crest technique and simultaneous implant placement covered with platelet-rich fibrin membrane in horizontally deficient maxillary ridges in terms of crestal and horizontal bone changes and patient morbidity.
METHODS
Forty patients indicated for maxillary ridge splitting and simultaneous implant placement were assigned randomly to the study groups: control group (Platelet Rich Fibrin membrane) and test group (Platelet Rich Fibrin membrane + Nanobone). The Cone Beam Computed Tomography Fusion technique was utilized to assess crestal and horizontal bone changes after five months of the surgical procedure. Patient morbidity was recorded for one week post-surgical.
RESULTS
Five months post-surgical, buccal crestal bone resorption was 1.26 ± 0.58 mm for the control group and 1.14 ± 0.63 mm for the test group. Lingual crestal bone resorption was 1.40 ± 0.66 mm for the control group and 1.47 ± 0.68 mm for the test group. Horizontal bone width gain was 1.46 ± 0.44 mm for the control group and 1.29 ± 0.73 mm for the test group. There was no significant statistical difference between study groups regarding crestal and horizontal bone changes and patient morbidity.
CONCLUSIONS
The tomographic assessment of NanoBone addition in this study resulted in no statistically significant difference between study groups regarding crestal and horizontal bone changes and patient morbidity. More randomized controlled clinical trials on gap fill comparing different bone grafting materials versus no grafting should be conducted.
GOV REGISTRATION NUMBER
NCT02836678, 13 January 2017.
Topics: Humans; Platelet-Rich Fibrin; Male; Female; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; Maxilla; Middle Aged; Alveolar Bone Loss; Dental Implants; Adult; Alveolar Ridge Augmentation; Dental Implantation, Endosseous; Aged; Minerals; Follow-Up Studies; Drug Combinations; Silicon Dioxide; Durapatite
PubMed: 38877464
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04420-5 -
Laryngoscope Investigative... Jun 2024To establish audiological and other outcomes following cochlear implantation in humans and animals with eluting electrodes. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
To establish audiological and other outcomes following cochlear implantation in humans and animals with eluting electrodes.
METHODS
Systematic review and narrative synthesis. Databases searched (April 2023): MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Web of Science. Studies reporting outcomes in either humans or animals following cochlear implantation with a drug-eluting electrode were included. No limits were placed on language or year of publication. Risk of bias assessment was performed on all included studies using either the Brazzelli or Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory animal Experimentation (SYRCLE) assessment tools. The review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 statement.
RESULTS
Searches identified 146 abstracts and 108 full texts. Of these, 18 studies met the inclusion criteria, reporting outcomes in 523 animals (17 studies) and 24 humans (1 study). Eluting electrodes included dexamethasone (16 studies), aracytine (1 study), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (1 study), the growth factors insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) (1 study), and neurotrophin-3 (1 study). All included studies compare outcomes following implantation with an eluting electrode with a control non-eluting electrode. In the majority of studies, audiological outcomes (e.g., auditory brainstem response threshold) were superior following implantation with an eluting electrode compared with a standard electrode. Most studies which investigated post-implantation impedance reported lower impedance following implantation with an eluting electrode. The influence of eluting electrodes on other reported outcomes (including post-implantation cochlear fibrosis and the survival of hair cells and spiral ganglion neurons) was more varied across the included studies.
CONCLUSIONS
Eluting electrodes have shown promise in animal studies in preserving residual hearing following cochlear implantation and in reducing impedance, though data from human studies remain lacking. Further in-human studies will be required to determine the clinical usefulness of drug-eluting cochlear implants as a future treatment for sensorineural hearing loss.
PubMed: 38855776
DOI: 10.1002/lio2.1263 -
International Journal of Nanomedicine 2024Poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) stents have broad application prospects in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases due to their excellent mechanical properties and...
BACKGROUND
Poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) stents have broad application prospects in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases due to their excellent mechanical properties and biodegradability. However, foreign body reactions caused by stent implantation remain a bottleneck that limits the clinical application of PLLA stents. To solve this problem, the biocompatibility of PLLA stents must be urgently improved. Albumin, the most abundant inert protein in the blood, possesses the ability to modify the surface of biomaterials, mitigating foreign body reactions-a phenomenon described as the "stealth effect". In recent years, a strategy based on albumin camouflage has become a focal point in nanomedicine delivery and tissue engineering research. Therefore, albumin surface modification is anticipated to enhance the surface biological characteristics required for vascular stents. However, the therapeutic applicability of this modification has not been fully explored.
METHODS
Herein, a bionic albumin (PDA-BSA) coating was constructed on the surface of PLLA by a mussel-inspired surface modification technique using polydopamine (PDA) to enhance the immobilization of bovine serum albumin (BSA).
RESULTS
Surface characterization revealed that the PDA-BSA coating was successfully constructed on the surface of PLLA materials, significantly improving their hydrophilicity. Furthermore, in vivo and in vitro studies demonstrated that this PDA-BSA coating enhanced the anticoagulant properties and pro-endothelialization effects of the PLLA material surface while inhibiting the inflammatory response and neointimal hyperplasia at the implantation site.
CONCLUSION
These findings suggest that the PDA-BSA coating provides a multifunctional biointerface for PLLA stent materials, markedly improving their biocompatibility. Further research into the diverse applications of this coating in vascular implants is warranted.
Topics: Polyesters; Animals; Serum Albumin, Bovine; Coated Materials, Biocompatible; Stents; Polymers; Biomimetic Materials; Indoles; Surface Properties; Humans; Materials Testing; Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells
PubMed: 38855731
DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S462691 -
Journal of the Endocrine Society May 2024Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)-secreting tumors (VIPomas) are digestive neuroendocrine tumors in which the hormonal secretion is life-threatening. Biological...
BACKGROUND
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)-secreting tumors (VIPomas) are digestive neuroendocrine tumors in which the hormonal secretion is life-threatening. Biological confirmation is obtained by demonstrating an elevation in plasma VIP, usually using radioimmunoassay (RIA). In some cases, analytical interference is suspected. We developed 3 different techniques to detect interference in VIP RIA.
METHODS
Three techniques were used: RIA after Sephadex column chromatography separation, RIA after polyethylene glycol precipitation, and I-labeled VIP binding test. We included patients with suspicion of false positive VIP (FPV) elevation. We then compared results with those of a group of "real," proven VIPoma (RV).
RESULTS
A total of 15 patients with FPV elevation and 9 RV patients were included. Interference was detected in all FPV patients vs none in RV. Clinical and biochemical parameters did not differ between FPV and RV patients, but VIP concentration in RIA was significantly higher in FPV patients than in RV patients (228 pmol/L vs 66 pmol/L, = .038). Using a I-labeled VIP binding test, median proportion of radioactivity in the pellet was significantly higher in FPV than in RV patients (53% vs 13%, < .0001). A 20.5% threshold presented excellent performances (sensitivity 100% [79.6-100], specificity 100% [70.1-100]).
CONCLUSION
We developed 3 different laboratory techniques to reveal interference in RIA VIP assays. The diagnostic performance of all 3 was excellent. These techniques must be employed in cases of discordance between VIP elevation and clinical presentation.
PubMed: 38854908
DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvae102 -
Turkish Journal of Obstetrics and... Jun 2024Endometriosis is a prevalent condition in women that causes pelvic pain and fertility issues due to the growth of endometrial tissue outside the uterus during menstrual...
Endometriosis is a prevalent condition in women that causes pelvic pain and fertility issues due to the growth of endometrial tissue outside the uterus during menstrual cycles. Steroid hormones play a crucial role in the development and growth of endometriosis lesions; therefore, researchers have investigated several effective drugs that target hormones for treating this disease. One such drug is bazedoxifene, but despite several animal studies, there has yet to be a comprehensive evaluation of their combined results. A systematic search was conducted across several databases (Embase, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Sciences) to identify studies investigating the effectiveness of bazedoxifene in animal models of endometriosis. Meta-analysis was performed using the size of endometriosis implants before and after drug administration in the case and control groups, along with the p-value of the associations. Begg's and Egger's tests were used to assess publication bias. This study included four eligible studies consisting of 45 endometrial animal models and 35 control subjects. The meta-analysis showed that bazedoxifene significantly reduced the size of endometriosis implants in animal models compared with the control group (odds ratio: 0.122, 95% confidence interval: 0.050-0.298, p<0.001). Detailed investigation determined that there was no significant heterogeneity between the studies (I2=38.81, and p-value of the Q test=0.179). However, according to Egger's test, the study showed publication bias (p=0.035). This study found that bazedoxifene is a promising treatment option for endometriosis in animal models. However, more research on animals and humans is required to confirm these results.
PubMed: 38853494
DOI: 10.4274/tjod.galenos.2024.82610 -
The Science of the Total Environment Sep 2024In this article, we demonstrate detection and identification of ten microplastic types directly in a water sample using an identification table derived from microplastic...
In this article, we demonstrate detection and identification of ten microplastic types directly in a water sample using an identification table derived from microplastic hyperspectral images. We selected a total of fourteen wavelengths which can be used to distinguish these ten microplastic types. We enhanced the visibility of these wavelengths by computationally removing water and baseline correcting with reflectance at 1550 nm. This method avoids, prevents, and eases most of the laborious sample preparation mandatory prior to analysis with robust techniques such as Raman spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The ten different plastics were studied in water, first separately and then in a mixture. The microplastic concentrations varied depending on microplastic type and were kept <12 mg/ml per type. Finally, detection and identification were confirmed pixel-wise in a hyperspectral image of a realistic water matrix simulant including mixtures of only a few microplastic particles. All measurements have been performed with microplastics of different sizes and irregular shapes made in-house by milling commercial pellets and sheets. It enabled the establishment of a procedure for the identification of these vicious particles in real water samples. The present measurement setup of hyperspectral imaging and method of data analysis of a mixture of microplastics directly from a water-based sample may open a path towards fast, reliable, and on-site detection.
PubMed: 38852867
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173811 -
European Journal of Medical Research Jun 2024Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a diverse disease with a complex pathophysiology. The presence of extracellular β-amyloid deposition as neuritic plaques and intracellular... (Review)
Review
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a diverse disease with a complex pathophysiology. The presence of extracellular β-amyloid deposition as neuritic plaques and intracellular accumulation of hyper-phosphorylated tau as neurofibrillary tangles remain the core neuropathologic criteria for diagnosing Alzheimer's disease. Nonetheless, several recent basic discoveries have revealed significant pathogenic roles for other essential cellular and molecular processes. Previously, there were not so many disease-modifying medications (DMT) available as drug distribution through the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is difficult due to its nature, especially drugs of polypeptides nature and proteins. Recently FDA has approved lecanemab as DMT for its proven efficacy. It is also complicated to deliver drugs for diseases like epilepsy or any brain tumor due to the limitations of the BBB. After the advancements in the drug delivery system, different techniques are used to transport the medication across the BBB. Other methods are used, like enhancement of brain blood vessel fluidity by liposomes, infusion of hyperosmotic solutions, and local intracerebral implants, but these are invasive approaches. Non-invasive approaches include the formulation of nanoparticles and their coating with polymers. This review article emphasizes all the above-mentioned techniques, procedures, and challenges to transporting medicines across the BBB. It summarizes the most recent literature dealing with drug delivery across the BBB.
Topics: Humans; Blood-Brain Barrier; Alzheimer Disease; Drug Delivery Systems; Animals; Biological Transport
PubMed: 38849950
DOI: 10.1186/s40001-024-01915-3