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Frontiers in Medicine 2023The urea breath test (UBT) is often used to diagnose infection and for its eradication. However, this text can give positive results even for other urease-active...
The urea breath test (UBT) is often used to diagnose infection and for its eradication. However, this text can give positive results even for other urease-active bacteria other than . Even after the successful eradication , the presence of other urease-active bacteria in the gut and oral cavity can lead to positive UBT results in patients with decreased gastric acid secretion. Herein, a 15-year-old boy was diagnosed with infection through the testing and treatment program for for third-year junior high-school students in Saga Prefecture initiated in 2016. He underwent triple therapy comprising vonoprazan; however, UBT was found to be positive even after therapy. The results remained positive even after fourth-line eradication therapy. Stool antigen, PCR using gastric fluid, microscopy, culture, and rapid urease tests were all negative. Pepsinogen levels were normal, and none of the findings suggested autoimmune gastritis. Gastric microflora analysis revealed oral flora showing urease activity. UBT is considered useful for determining the successful eradication of ; however, it may give false-positive results for both infection and eradication judgment. Although the patient did not have autoimmune gastritis or decreased gastric acid secretion, it is presumed that oral commensal bacteria showing urease activity inhabited the stomach, resulting in the persistently positive UBT results. In conclusion, repeated false-positive UBT results for may occur even without gastric acid hyposecretion. If eradication is unsuccessful based on UBT, additional test by stool antigen tests should be considered.
PubMed: 37724177
DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1267180 -
Gut and Liver Jan 2024: A latex agglutination turbidity (LA) assay to test for serum antibodies has been approved in Japan and Korea for mass screening of infection. In this study, we...
BACKGROUND/AIMS
: A latex agglutination turbidity (LA) assay to test for serum antibodies has been approved in Japan and Korea for mass screening of infection. In this study, we evaluated the LA assay for diagnosing infection and predicting gastric mucosal changes in a Mongolian population.
METHODS
: In total, 484 individuals were classified into -positive (n=356) and -negative (n=128) groups, as determined by histology and culture.
RESULTS
: The best cutoff, sensitivity, and specificity values for the LA assay were 18.35 U/mL, 74.2%, and 65.6%, respectively. The LA values in the atrophic gastritis group were statistically higher than those in the other groups (healthy, chronic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia, and gastric cancer, p<0.0001). The cutoff value to distinguish the atrophic gastritis group from the other four groups was 32.0 U/mL, and its area under the curve was 0.673, which was the highest among the E-plate, pepsinogen (PG) I, PG II, and PG I/II ratio tests in our data. The odds ratios for atrophic gastritis determined by the LA assay and PG I test in multiple logistic regression were 2.5 and 1.9, respectively, which were significantly higher than for the other tests.
CONCLUSIONS
: The LA assay can determine the risk of atrophic gastritis, which in turn is a considerable risk factor for gastric cancer. We propose using this assay in combination with the PG I/II ratio to avoid missing gastric cancer patients who have a low LA value (less than 32.0 U/mL).
Topics: Humans; Gastritis, Atrophic; Helicobacter pylori; Stomach Neoplasms; Helicobacter Infections; Latex Fixation Tests; Pepsinogen A; Pepsinogen C
PubMed: 37720994
DOI: 10.5009/gnl220464 -
Journal of Clinical Medicine Aug 2023() infection causes a progression to atrophic gastritis and results in gastric cancer. Cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA), a major virulence factor of , is injected...
() infection causes a progression to atrophic gastritis and results in gastric cancer. Cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA), a major virulence factor of , is injected into gastric epithelial cells using the type IV secretion system. On the other hand, gastric epithelial cells degrade CagA using an autophagy system, which is strictly regulated by the autophagy-related (ATG) genes. This study aimed to identify SNPs in , , , and associated with gastric mucosal atrophy (GMA). Here, two-hundred -positive participants without gastric cancer were included. The degree of GMA was evaluated via the pepsinogen method. Twenty-five SNPs located in the four candidate genes were selected as tag SNPs. The frequency of each SNP between the GMA and the non-GMA group was evaluated. The rs6431655, rs6431659, and rs4663136 in and rs26537 in were independently associated with GMA. Of these four SNPs, the G/G genotype of rs6431659 in has the highest odd ratio (Odds ratio = 3.835, 95% confidence intervals = 1.337-1.005, = 0.008). Further functional analyses and prospective analyses with a larger sample size are required.
PubMed: 37629426
DOI: 10.3390/jcm12165384 -
Saudi Medical Journal Aug 2023To study the levels of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigen (CA) 199, CA724, CA242, pepsinogen (PG) I, PGII, gastrin-17 (G-17), the PGI/PGII ratio (PGR),...
OBJECTIVES
To study the levels of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigen (CA) 199, CA724, CA242, pepsinogen (PG) I, PGII, gastrin-17 (G-17), the PGI/PGII ratio (PGR), as well as the expression of p27 and Ki67, in patients suffering from early gastric cancer and intraepithelial neoplasia and to provide new markers for the diagnosis of early gastric cancer and precancerous lesions.
METHODS
A retrospective study where the blood serum concentration of CEA, CA199, CA724, CA242, PGI, PGII, G-17 and PGR were tested and also the protein expression of p27 and Ki67 was detected in patients tissues by immunohistochemistry in the Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Center of the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China, from March 2018 to March 2021.
RESULTS
Carbohydrate antigen 242 and CA199 levels in tumor tissue significantly differed among the groups. Pepsinogen I levels decreased with increasing disease severity, G-17 levels increased with the aggravation of severity, and p27 expression decreased with the severity.
CONCLUSION
The combination of serum gastric function markers (PGI and G-17) and p27 digestive tumor indices can serve as markers for the diagnosis of early gastric cancer and intraepithelial neoplasia.
Topics: Humans; Stomach Neoplasms; Carcinoembryonic Antigen; Retrospective Studies; Ki-67 Antigen; Biomarkers, Tumor; Pepsinogen A; Precancerous Conditions; Carbohydrates
PubMed: 37582570
DOI: 10.15537/smj.2023.44.8.20230231 -
World Journal of Gastrointestinal... Jul 2023Pepsinogen, secreted from the gastric mucosa, is the precursor of pepsin. It is categorized as pepsinogen 1 and pepsinogen 2 based on its immunogenicity. The pepsinogen... (Review)
Review
Pepsinogen, secreted from the gastric mucosa, is the precursor of pepsin. It is categorized as pepsinogen 1 and pepsinogen 2 based on its immunogenicity. The pepsinogen content that can enter the blood circulation through the capillaries of the gastric mucosa is approximately 1% and remains stable all the time. The pepsinogen content in serum will change with the pathological changes of gastric mucosa. Therefore, the level of pepsinogen in serum can play a role in serologic biopsy to reflect the function and morphology of different regions of gastric mucosa and serve as an indicator of gastric disease. This study conducts relevant research on serum pepsinogen 1, pepsinogen 2, and the ratio of pepsinogen 1 to pepsinogen 2, and reviews their important value in clinical diagnosis of infection, gastric ulcer, and even gastric carcinoma, providing ideas for other researchers.
PubMed: 37546552
DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v15.i7.1174 -
Contrast Media & Molecular Imaging 2023[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1155/2022/1092695.].
[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1155/2022/1092695.].
PubMed: 37502511
DOI: 10.1155/2023/9838051 -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Jul 2023The -Ab ELISA assay is widely used as a diagnostic tool for monitoring gastrointestinal (GI) nematodes using milk samples from adult dairy cows. This assay is...
The -Ab ELISA assay is widely used as a diagnostic tool for monitoring gastrointestinal (GI) nematodes using milk samples from adult dairy cows. This assay is potentially also useful to analyse serum samples from first-season grazing (FSG) calves, providing a more cost-effective and robust diagnostic technique than the current serum pepsinogen assay. However, a comprehensive evaluation of its use in serum samples from FSG calves has not yet been conducted. In this study, we first reviewed the available scientific literature in which the Ab ELISA was applied to serum samples from FSG calves. Then, a field study was conducted to compare results from the -Ab ELISA assay with a serum pepsinogen assay on a set of 230 serum samples from 11 commercial dairy herds (seven in Belgium and four in Sweden). The literature review showed an increase in mean antibody levels, expressed as optical density ratio (ODR) values, from <0.4 (early grazing season) to values of 0.7-1.1 (late grazing season). Three out of five studies found a negative correlation between antibody levels measured during the late grazing season and weight gain, while the other two studies found no correlation between the two variables. Our field studies showed a good correlation between antibody levels and the results from the pepsinogen assay. Both indicators were negatively related to average daily weight gain in the Belgian herds, but not in the Swedish herds. Overall, the results suggest that the -Ab ELISA test can be a useful tool in FSG calves and could replace the use of the serum pepsinogen assay at the end of the grazing season for general monitoring purposes.
PubMed: 37444024
DOI: 10.3390/ani13132226 -
Preventive Medicine Sep 2023Gastric cancer continues to be a significant health concern in China, with a high incidence rate. To mitigate its impact, early detection and treatment is key. However,...
Development and validation of LightGBM algorithm for optimizing of Helicobacter pylori antibody during the minimum living guarantee crowd based gastric cancer screening program in Taizhou, China.
Gastric cancer continues to be a significant health concern in China, with a high incidence rate. To mitigate its impact, early detection and treatment is key. However, conducting large-scale endoscopic gastric cancer screening is not feasible in China. Instead, a more appropriate approach would be to initially screen high-risk groups and follow up with endoscopic testing as needed. We conducted a study on 25,622 asymptomatic participants aged 45-70 years from a free gastric cancer screening program in the Taizhou city government's Minimum Living Guarantee Crowd (MLGC) initiative. Participants completed questionnaires, blood tests, and underwent gastrin-17 (G-17), pepsinogen I and II (PGI and PGII), and H. pylori IgG antibody (IgG) assessments. Using the light gradient boosting machine (lightGBM) algorithm, we developed a predictive model for gastric cancer risk. In the full model, F1 score was 2.66%, precision was 1.36%, and recall was 58.14%. In the high-risk model, F1 score was 2.51%, precision was 1.27%, and recall was 94.55%. Excluding IgG, the F1 score was 2.73%, precision was 1.40%, and recall was 68.62%. We conclude that H. pylori IgG appears to be able to be excluded from the prediction model without significantly affecting its performance, which is important from a health economic point of view. It suggests that screening indicators can be optimized, and expenditures reduced. These findings can have important implications for policymakers, as we can focus resources on other important aspects of gastric cancer prevention and control.
Topics: Humans; Stomach Neoplasms; Helicobacter pylori; Pepsinogen A; Early Detection of Cancer; Pepsinogen C; Immunoglobulin G
PubMed: 37419420
DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2023.107605 -
Revista Argentina de Microbiologia 2023Gastric adenocarcinoma is associated with Helicobacter pylori infection. The transition to a carcinogenic process is preceded by glandular atrophy and serum levels of...
Gastric adenocarcinoma is associated with Helicobacter pylori infection. The transition to a carcinogenic process is preceded by glandular atrophy and serum levels of pepsinogen I and II (PGI and PGII) correlate with this type of gastric lesions. Possible associations of serum PG levels in relation to the frequency of serological activity against H. pylori antigens were studied. Serum samples from patients with gastric pathology associated with H. pylori (n=26) and asymptomatic individuals as controls (n=37) were used. Seroactive antigens were identified by immunoblot using a protein extract of H. pylori. The antibody titers anti-H. pylori and the concentration of PGs in serum was determined by ELISA. Thirty-one seroactive antigens were identified, nine of which exhibited a differential frequency between both groups (116.7, 68.8, 61.9, 54.9, 45.6, 38.3, 36.5, 33.8 and 30.1kDa) and only 3 were related to altered levels of PGs in serum. In the control group, the seropositivity of the 33.8kDa antigen was related to an increase in PGII, while the 68.8kDa antigen was related to normal PG values (decreased PGII and elevated PGI/PGII levels) indicating that seropositivity to this antigen could be a protective factor to gastric pathology. The seropositivity of the 54.9kDa antigen was related to altered values of PGs indicative of inflammation and gastric atrophy (increased in PGII and decreased in PGI/PGII). The identification of serum alterations in pepsinogen levels related to seropositivity to H. pylori 33.8, 54.9 and 68.8kDa antigens sets a precedent for further study as possible prognostic serological biomarkers.
Topics: Humans; Pepsinogen A; Helicobacter pylori; Helicobacter Infections; Stomach; Pepsinogen C; Atrophy
PubMed: 37385833
DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2023.04.003 -
Journal of Gastroenterology Sep 2023We previously demonstrated that the Kyoto classification of gastritis was useful for judging the status of Helicobacter pylori infection in a population-based screening...
Endoscopic evaluation by the Kyoto classification of gastritis combined with serum anti-Helicobacter pylori antibody testing reliably risk-stratifies subjects in a population-based gastric cancer screening program.
BACKGROUND
We previously demonstrated that the Kyoto classification of gastritis was useful for judging the status of Helicobacter pylori infection in a population-based screening program, and that adding H. pylori antibody test improved its accuracy (UMIN000028629). Here, we tested whether our endoscopic diagnosis of H. pylori infection status reliably estimated gastric cancer risk in the program.
METHODS
Data were collected from1345 subjects who underwent endoscopic follow-up 4 years after the end of the registration. We analyzed the association of three diagnostic methods of H. pylori infection with gastric cancer detection: (1) endoscopic diagnosis based on the Kyoto classification of gastritis; (2) serum diagnosis according to the ABC method (H. pylori antibody and pepsinogen I and II); and (3) endoscopic diagnosis together with H. pylori antibody test.
RESULTS
During the follow-up, 19 cases of gastric cancer were detected. By Kaplan-Meier analysis, the detection rates of cancer were significantly higher in the past or current H. pylori infection groups than in the never-infected group with all 3 methods. By the Cox proportional hazards model, the hazard ratio for cancer detection was highest in evaluation with the combined endoscopic diagnosis and the antibody test (method 3; hazard ratio 22.6, 95% confidence interval 2.99-171) among the three methods (the endoscopic diagnosis (method 1); 11.3, 2.58-49.8, and the ABC method (method 2); 7.52, 2.49-22.7).
CONCLUSIONS
Endoscopic evaluation of H. pylori status with the Kyoto classification of gastritis, especially combined with serum anti-Helicobacter pylori antibody testing, reliably risk-stratified subjects in a population-based gastric cancer screening program.
Topics: Humans; Stomach Neoplasms; Helicobacter pylori; Helicobacter Infections; Early Detection of Cancer; Gastritis; Antibodies, Bacterial; Pepsinogen A; Gastritis, Atrophic
PubMed: 37340218
DOI: 10.1007/s00535-023-02010-w