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Scientific Reports Mar 2024Acne is a prevalent dermatological disease, with high global incidence, and is a health menace. The current study aimed to isolate and characterize the anaerobic...
Acne is a prevalent dermatological disease, with high global incidence, and is a health menace. The current study aimed to isolate and characterize the anaerobic bacteria responsible for the condition. Causes of a total of 70 acne-based bacterium isolates obtained from patients of mild, moderate, and severe acne, 24 were Clostridium innocuum, 21 were Lactobacillus plantarum, 13 were Anaerococcus prevotii, and 12 were Peptoniphilus asaccharolyticus. Nearly 69% of males were suffering, while the rest were females at 31%. The 15-30 years old age group was the most affected. The gold/alginate nanoparticles' nanopreparation (GANPs) produced from chloroauric acid and sodium alginate was an effective treatment against the acne conditions under the experimental conditions. The nanopreparation exhibited significant inhibitory activity against anaerobic bacterial isolates, with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 200 µg/ml for A. prevotii and P. asaccharolyticus, and 400 µg/ml for C. innocuum and L. plantarum. The in vitro efficacy of the GANPs on human blood parameters was also assessed. The concurrent results suggested potential antibacterial activity and hemocompatibility of the product, which has promise to be used as a successful antibacterial agent for acne.
Topics: Male; Female; Humans; Adolescent; Young Adult; Adult; Bacteria, Anaerobic; Alginates; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Acne Vulgaris; Microbial Sensitivity Tests
PubMed: 38523189
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57643-5 -
Current Microbiology Feb 2024The strains Marseille-Q7072 (= CSUR Q7072 = CECT 30604) and Marseille-Q7826 (= CSUR Q7826 = CECT 30727) were isolated from vaginal samples. As MALDI-TOF mass...
The strains Marseille-Q7072 (= CSUR Q7072 = CECT 30604) and Marseille-Q7826 (= CSUR Q7826 = CECT 30727) were isolated from vaginal samples. As MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry failed to identify them, their genomes were directly sequenced to determine their taxogenomic identities. Both strains are anaerobic without any oxidase and catalase activity. C is the most abundant fatty acid for both strains. Strain Marseille-Q7072 is non-spore-forming, non-motile, Gram-stain-positive, and coccus-shaped, while strain Marseille-Q7826 is non-spore-forming, motile, Gram-stain-variable, and curved rod-shaped. The genomic comparison of the Marseille-Q7072 and Marseille-Q7826 strains showed that all digital DNA-DNA hybridisation (dDDH) and mean orthologous nucleotide identity (OrthoANI) values were below published species thresholds (70% and 95-96%, respectively) with other closely related species with standing in nomenclature. Thus, we conclude that both strains are new bacterial species. Strain Marseille-Q7072 is a new member of the Bacillota phylum, for which the name Peptoniphilus genitalis sp. nov. is proposed, while the Marseille-Q7826 strain is a new member of the Actinomycetota phylum, for which the name Mobiluncus massiliensis sp. nov. is proposed.
Topics: Female; Humans; Mobiluncus; Bacteria; Clostridiales; Microbiota; DNA
PubMed: 38372813
DOI: 10.1007/s00284-023-03584-7 -
Dermatology (Basel, Switzerland) 2024Darier disease is a rare inherited disease with dominant skin manifestations including keratotic papules and plaques on sebaceous and flexural areas. Secondary infection...
INTRODUCTION
Darier disease is a rare inherited disease with dominant skin manifestations including keratotic papules and plaques on sebaceous and flexural areas. Secondary infection of skin lesions is common, and Staphylococcus aureus commonly colonizes these lesions. The aim of the study was to characterize the bacterial microbiome of cutaneous Darier lesions compared to normal-looking skin and disease severity.
METHODS
All patients with a history of Darier followed up at Emek Medical Center were invited to participate in the study. Patients that did not use antibiotics in the past month and signed informed consent had four skin sites sampled with swabs: scalp, chest, axilla, and palm. All samples were analyzed for bacterial microbiome using 16S rDNA sequencing.
RESULTS
Two hundred and eighty microbiome samples obtained from lesional and non-lesional skin of the scalp, chest, axilla, and palm of 42 Darier patients were included in the analysis. The most abundant bacterial genera across all skin sites were Propionibacterium, Corynebacterium, Paracoccus, Micrococcus, and Anaerococcus. Scalp and chest lesions featured a distinct microbiome configuration that was mainly driven by an overabundance of Staphylococci species. Patients with more severe disease exhibited microbiome alterations in the chest, axilla, and palm compared with patients with only mild disease, driven by Peptoniphilus and Moryella genera in scalp and palmar lesions, respectively.
CONCLUSION
Staphylococci were significantly associated with Darier lesions and drove Darier-associated dysbiosis. Severity of the disease was associated with two other bacterial genera. Whether these associations also hold a causative role and may serve as a therapeutic target remains to be determined and requires further investigation.
Topics: Humans; Darier Disease; Male; Female; Dysbiosis; Adult; Middle Aged; Microbiota; Axilla; Skin; Corynebacterium; Young Adult; Propionibacterium; Micrococcus; Severity of Illness Index; Hand; Thorax; Scalp; Aged; Adolescent
PubMed: 38330926
DOI: 10.1159/000537714 -
Journal of Gastroenterology Mar 2024Recent evidence suggests that the presence of microbiome within human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) tissue potentially influences cancer progression and...
BACKGROUND
Recent evidence suggests that the presence of microbiome within human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) tissue potentially influences cancer progression and prognosis. However, the significance of tumor-resident microbiome remains unclear. We aimed to elucidate the impact of intratumoral bacteria on the pathophysiology and prognosis of human PDAC.
METHODS
The presence of intratumoral bacteria was assessed in 162 surgically resected PDACs using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and in situ hybridization (ISH) targeting 16S rRNA. The intratumoral microbiome was explored by 16S metagenome sequencing using DNA extracted from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues. The profile of intratumoral bacteria was compared with clinical information, pathological findings including tumor-infiltrating T cells, tumor-associated macrophage, fibrosis, and alterations in four main driver genes (KRAS, TP53, CDKN2A/p16, SMAD4) in tumor genomes.
RESULTS
The presence of intratumoral bacteria was confirmed in 52 tumors (32%) using both qPCR and ISH. The 16S metagenome sequencing revealed characteristic bacterial profiles within these tumors, including phyla such as Proteobacteria and Firmicutes. Comparison of bacterial profiles between cases with good and poor prognosis revealed a significant positive correlation between a shorter survival time and the presence of anaerobic bacteria such as Bacteroides, Lactobacillus, and Peptoniphilus. The abundance of these bacteria was correlated with a decrease in the number of tumor-infiltrating T cells positive for CD4, CD8, and CD45RO.
CONCLUSIONS
Intratumoral infection of anaerobic bacteria such as Bacteroides, Lactobacillus, and Peptoniphilus is correlated with the suppressed anti-PDAC immunity and poor prognosis.
Topics: Humans; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal; Prognosis; Microbiota
PubMed: 38242997
DOI: 10.1007/s00535-023-02069-5 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2023The intricate connection between gut microbiota and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) pathogenesis has gained prominence, although the specific microbial species contributing to...
INTRODUCTION
The intricate connection between gut microbiota and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) pathogenesis has gained prominence, although the specific microbial species contributing to RA development remain largely unknown. Recent studies have sought to comprehensively explore alterations in the human microbiome, focusing on identifying disease-related microbial species through blood analysis. Consequently, this study aimed to identify RA-associated microbial species using a serum microbial array system and to investigate the efficacy and underlying mechanisms of potential microbial species for RA treatment.
METHODS
Serum immunoglobulin M levels against 384 intestinal microbial species were assessed using a microbial microarray in patients with RA and healthy individuals. We investigated the therapeutic potential of the identified microbial candidate regarding arthritis development, immune responses, gut barrier function, and gut microbiome using a collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mouse model.
RESULTS
Our findings revealed significant alterations in antibody levels against 36 microbial species in patients with RA compared to healthy individuals. Notably, the antibody levels against () were decreased in patients with RA and exhibited an inverse correlation with RA disease activity. experiments demonstrated that produced acetate and butyrate, while exhibiting anti-inflammatory properties. In CIA mice, administration suppressed arthritis symptoms, reduced the accumulation of inflammatory monocytes in the mesenteric lymph nodes, and downregulated gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the ileum. Additionally, supplementation restored intestinal barrier integrity and partially resolved gut microbial dysbiosis in CIA mice. The fecal microbiota in -treated mice corresponded to improved intestinal barrier integrity and reduced inflammatory responses.
CONCLUSION
This study highlights the potential of serum-based detection of anti-microbial antibodies to identify microbial targets at the species level for RA treatment. Moreover, our findings suggest that , identified through the microbial microarray analysis, holds therapeutic potential for RA by restoring intestinal barrier integrity and suppressing the immunologic response associated with RA.
Topics: Mice; Humans; Animals; Arthritis, Experimental; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Disease Models, Animal; Cytokines; Firmicutes
PubMed: 38239365
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1286387 -
Acute Medicine & Surgery 2024Altered gut microbiota has been proposed as one of the causes of exacerbation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19) from the...
AIM
Altered gut microbiota has been proposed as one of the causes of exacerbation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19) from the perspective of the gut-lung axis. We aimed to evaluate gut microbiota in mechanically ventilated patients with COVID-19 prior to using antibiotics.
METHODS
We retrospectively selected for enrollment COVID-19 patients who required mechanical ventilation on admission but who had not used antibiotics before admission to observe the influence of SARS-Cov-2 on gut microbiota. Fecal samples were collected serially on admission and were evaluated by 16S rRNA gene deep sequencing.
RESULTS
The phylum of Bacteroidetes decreased, and those of Firmicutes and Actinobacteria increased in COVID-19 patients compared with those in healthy controls ( < 0.001). The main commensals of , , and at the genus level were significantly decreased in the COVID-19 patients, and opportunistic bacteria including , , , , and were increased ( < 0.001). α-Diversity and β-diversity in COVID-19 patients significantly changed compared with those in the healthy controls.
CONCLUSION
The commensal gut microbiota were altered, and opportunistic bacteria increased in patients with severe COVID-19 who required mechanical ventilation on admission.
PubMed: 38213715
DOI: 10.1002/ams2.923 -
BMC Microbiology Jan 2024Reliable species identification of cultured isolates is essential in clinical bacteriology. We established a new study algorithm named NOVA - Novel Organism Verification...
Novel Organism Verification and Analysis (NOVA) study: identification of 35 clinical isolates representing potentially novel bacterial taxa using a pipeline based on whole genome sequencing.
BACKGROUND
Reliable species identification of cultured isolates is essential in clinical bacteriology. We established a new study algorithm named NOVA - Novel Organism Verification and Analysis to systematically analyze bacterial isolates that cannot be characterized by conventional identification procedures MALDI-TOF MS and partial 16 S rRNA gene sequencing using Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS).
RESULTS
We identified a total of 35 bacterial strains that represent potentially novel species. Corynebacterium sp. (n = 6) and Schaalia sp. (n = 5) were the predominant genera. Two strains each were identified within the genera Anaerococcus, Clostridium, Desulfovibrio, and Peptoniphilus, and one new species was detected within Citrobacter, Dermabacter, Helcococcus, Lancefieldella, Neisseria, Ochrobactrum (Brucella), Paenibacillus, Pantoea, Porphyromonas, Pseudoclavibacter, Pseudomonas, Psychrobacter, Pusillimonas, Rothia, Sneathia, and Tessaracoccus. Twenty-seven of 35 strains were isolated from deep tissue specimens or blood cultures. Seven out of 35 isolated strains identified were clinically relevant. In addition, 26 bacterial strains that could only be identified at the species level using WGS analysis, were mainly organisms that have been identified/classified very recently.
CONCLUSION
Our new algorithm proved to be a powerful tool for detection and identification of novel bacterial organisms. Publicly available clinical and genomic data may help to better understand their clinical and ecological role. Our identification of 35 novel strains, 7 of which appear to be clinically relevant, shows the wide range of undescribed pathogens yet to define.
Topics: Bacteria; Whole Genome Sequencing; Corynebacterium; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Bacterial Typing Techniques
PubMed: 38178003
DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-03163-7 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2023This work studied the potential of a combination of pungent spices (capsicum, black pepper, ginger, and cinnamaldehyde) to be used as a supplement in diets of gilthead...
The potential of a combination of pungent spices as a novel supplement in gilthead seabream () diets to aid in the strategic use of fish oil in aquafeeds: a holistic perspective.
This work studied the potential of a combination of pungent spices (capsicum, black pepper, ginger, and cinnamaldehyde) to be used as a supplement in diets of gilthead seabream (; 44.1 ± 4.2 g). During 90 days, fish were fed three experimental diets with low inclusion of fish oil and containing poultry fat as the main source of lipids, supplemented with graded levels of the tested supplement: 0 (control), 0.1 (SPICY), and 0.15% (SPICY). As a result, the pungent spices enhanced the growth performance, the activity of the bile-salt-activated lipase in the intestine, and decreased fat deposit levels within enterocytes. The SPICY diet reduced the feed conversion ratio and the perivisceral fat index and lipid deposits in the liver. Moreover, the ratio of docosahexaenoic acid/eicosapentaenoic acid in fillet increased in fish fed the SPICY diet, while the hepatic levels of docosahexaenoic acid and total n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids increased in fish fed the SPICY diet. Furthermore, there was an effect on the expression of some biomarkers related to lipid metabolism in 2-h postprandial fish (, , , , , and ), and in 48 h fasted-fish fed with the SPICY diet, a regulation of the intestinal immune response was indicated. However, no significant differences were found in lipid apparent digestibility and proximate macronutrient composition. The spices did not affect biomarkers of hepatic or oxidative stress. No differences in microbial diversity were found, except for an increase in Simpson's Index in the posterior intestine of fish fed the SPICY diet, reflected in the increased relative abundance of the phylum Chloroflexi and lower relative abundances of the genera , , and . In conclusion, the supplementation of gilthead seabream diets with pungent spices at an inclusion of 0.1% was beneficial to enhance growth performance and feed utilization; reduce fat accumulation in the visceral cavity, liver, and intestine; and improve the fish health status and condition. Results suggest that the tested supplement can be used as part of a nutritional strategy to promote a more judicious use of fish oil in fish diets due to its decreasing availability and rising costs.
Topics: Animals; Fish Oils; Sea Bream; Docosahexaenoic Acids; Fatty Acids; Dietary Supplements; Diet; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; Biomarkers
PubMed: 37818366
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1222173 -
Gastroenterology Dec 2023Pien Tze Huang (PZH) is a well-established traditional medicine with beneficial effects against inflammation and cancer. We aimed to explore the chemopreventive effect...
BACKGROUND & AIMS
Pien Tze Huang (PZH) is a well-established traditional medicine with beneficial effects against inflammation and cancer. We aimed to explore the chemopreventive effect of PZH in colorectal cancer (CRC) through modulating gut microbiota.
METHODS
CRC mouse models were established by azoxymethane plus dextran sulfate sodium treatment or in Apc mice treated with or without PZH (270 mg/kg and 540 mg/kg). Gut barrier function was determined by means of intestinal permeability assays and transmission electron microscopy. Fecal microbiota and metabolites were analyzed by means of metagenomic sequencing and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, respectively. Germ-free mice or antibiotic-treated mice were used as models of microbiota depletion.
RESULTS
PZH inhibited colorectal tumorigenesis in azoxymethane plus dextran sulfate sodium-treated mice and in Apc mice in a dose-dependent manner. PZH treatment altered the gut microbiota profile, with an increased abundance of probiotics Pseudobutyrivibrio xylanivorans and Eubacterium limosum, while pathogenic bacteria Aeromonas veronii, Campylobacter jejuni, Collinsella aerofaciens, and Peptoniphilus harei were depleted. In addition, PZH increased beneficial metabolites taurine and hypotaurine, bile acids, and unsaturated fatty acids, and significantly restored gut barrier function. Transcriptomic profiling revealed that PZH inhibited PI3K-Akt, interleukin-17, tumor necrosis factor, and cytokine-chemokine signaling. Notably, the chemopreventive effect of PZH involved both microbiota-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Fecal microbiota transplantation from PZH-treated mice to germ-free mice partly recapitulated the chemopreventive effects of PZH. PZH components ginsenoside-F2 and ginsenoside-Re demonstrated inhibitory effects on CRC cells and primary organoids, and PZH also inhibited tumorigenesis in azoxymethane plus dextran sulfate sodium-treated germ-free mice.
CONCLUSIONS
PZH manipulated gut microbiota and metabolites toward a more favorable profile, improved gut barrier function, and suppressed oncogenic and pro-inflammatory pathways, thereby suppressing colorectal carcinogenesis.
Topics: Mice; Animals; Signal Transduction; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Dextran Sulfate; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; Apoptosis; Medicine, Traditional; Colorectal Neoplasms; Carcinogenesis; Azoxymethane
PubMed: 37704113
DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2023.08.052 -
Microorganisms Aug 2023While interest in developing the human microbiome as a biomarker for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is increasing, there has been limited exploration in...
While interest in developing the human microbiome as a biomarker for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is increasing, there has been limited exploration in utilizing urine samples. In this study, we analysed urine microbiome profiles by extracting 16S ribosomal DNA from purified bacteria-derived extracellular membrane vesicles obtained from urine samples. Sequencing libraries were constructed by amplifying V3-V4 hypervariable regions sequenced using Illumina MiSeq. Profiles of male Korean children and adolescents with ADHD ( = 33) were compared with healthy sex-matched controls ( = 39). Statistically controlling for age, we found decreased alpha diversity in the urine bacteria of the ADHD group, as evidenced by reduced Shannon and Simpson indices ( < 0.05), and significant differences in beta diversity between the two groups ( < 0.001). The phyla and , as well as the genera and , were relatively more abundant in the ADHD group. The phylum and the genera and were more abundant in the control group. Notably, the genus exhibited significant correlations with the Child Behavior Checklist Attention Problems score and DSM-oriented ADHD subscale. This study is the first to propose the urine microbiome as a potential biomarker for pediatric ADHD.
PubMed: 37630623
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11082063