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BMC Oral Health Jun 2024There are more than one million children and adolescents living with type 1 diabetes mellitus, and their number is steadily increasing. Diabetes affects oral health... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVE
There are more than one million children and adolescents living with type 1 diabetes mellitus, and their number is steadily increasing. Diabetes affects oral health through numerous channels, including hyposalivation, immune suppression, and the inflammatory effect of glycation end-products. However, patients with type 1 diabetes must follow a strict sugar free diet that is proven to be carioprotective. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to investigate whether children with type 1 diabetes have a difference in Decayed, Missing, Filled Teeth index (DMFT), salivary function, and periodontal status than children without diabetes, with an emphasis on glycemic control.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
PubMed, Embase and Cochrane libraries were screened for articles, using predefined search keys without any language or date restrictions. Two independent authors performed the selection procedure, extracted data from the eligible articles, carried out a manual search of the reference lists, and assessed the risk of bias using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Meta-analysis was performed in R using the random-effects model. Effect sizes were mean differences; subgroup analysis was performed on glycemic control.
RESULTS
33 studies satisfied the eligibility criteria. 22 studies did not show a significant difference regarding the DMFT index between the diabetes and non-diabetes groups; six studies found that children living with diabetes had higher DMFT scores, compared to five studies that found significantly lower scores. Meta-analysis found no statistically significant differences in plaque, gingival, and calculus indexes, however it found significant differences in pooled DMFT indexes, and salivary flow rate. Subgroup analysis on glycemic control using DMFT values found significant differences in children with good and poor glycemic control with results of 0.26 (CI95%=-0.50; 1.03) and 1.46 (CI95%=0.57; 2.35), respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
Children with poor glycemic control face higher risk of developing caries compared to good control and non-diabetes children. Regular dental check-ups and strict control of glycemic levels are highly advised for children living with type 1 diabetes, further emphasizing the importance of cooperation between dentists and diabetologists.
Topics: Child; Humans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; DMF Index; Glycemic Control; Oral Health
PubMed: 38943074
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04516-y -
BMC Immunology Jun 2024Previous observational studies have shown a bidirectional association between immune-mediated inflammatory disorders (IMID) and periodontal disease. However, evidence... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Previous observational studies have shown a bidirectional association between immune-mediated inflammatory disorders (IMID) and periodontal disease. However, evidence regarding the causal role of IMID and periodontal disease is still lacking. Therefore, we conducted a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study to uncover the potential genetic causal effects between IMID and periodontal disease.
METHODS
Bidirectional two-sample MR analysis was employed. Data for ten IMIDs were sourced from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) conducted by the FinnGen Consortium (range from 1023 to 36321 cases) and UK Biobank (UKB) (range from 150 to 17574 cases). Furthermore, GWAS data for periodontal disease were obtained from the FinnGen Consortium (87497 cases), UKB (458 cases), and Gene Lifestyle Interactions in Dental Endpoints (GLIDE) consortium (17,353 periodontitis cases). Subsequently, the causal relationships were analyzed by random effects inverse variance weighting, weighted median, and MR-Egger. Sensitivity analyses were performed using the Cochrane Q test, funnel plot, and Mr-Egger intercept test to ensure robustness. Eventually, replication analysis and meta-analysis across different databases were carried out.
RESULTS
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) [IVW: OR = 1.079 (95% CI: 1.032-1.128) and P < 0.001], Sjogren syndrome [IVW: OR = 1.082 (95% CI: 1.012-1.157) and P = 0.022] and hypothyroidism [IVW: OR = 1.52 (95% CI: 1.13-2.04) and P = 0.005] may increase the risk of periodontal disease. In addition, periodontal disease may reduce the risk of SLE [IVW: OR = 0.8079 (95% CI: 0.6764-0.9650) and P = 0.019] and hyperthyroidism [IVW: OR = 5.59*10 (95% CI: 1.43*10-2.18*10) and P = 0.014]. Meta-analysis indicated a causal correlation between SLE and an increased risk of periodontal disease: [OR = 1.08 (95% CI: 1.03-1.13), P = 0.0009]. No significant evidence suggests bilateral causal relationships between other IMIDs and periodontal disease. No significant estimation of heterogeneity or pleiotropy is detected.
CONCLUSIONS
Our study has confirmed a genetic causal relationship between IMIDs and periodontal disease, thereby unveiling novel potential mechanisms underlying IMIDs and periodontal disease. This discovery is promising in fostering interdisciplinary collaboration between clinicians and stomatologists to facilitate appropriate and precise screening, prevention, and early treatment of IMIDs and periodontal disease.
Topics: Humans; Mendelian Randomization Analysis; Genome-Wide Association Study; Periodontal Diseases; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Inflammation; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic
PubMed: 38943064
DOI: 10.1186/s12865-024-00634-y -
Clinical Oral Investigations Jun 2024Increasing evidence indicates that the thickness of periodontal soft tissues plays an important role in various clinical scenarios, thus pointing to the need of further...
OBJECTIVES
Increasing evidence indicates that the thickness of periodontal soft tissues plays an important role in various clinical scenarios, thus pointing to the need of further clinical research in this area. Aim of the present study was to assess gingival thickness at the mandibular incisors by translucency judgement with two different probes and to validate if these methods are comparable and applicable as diagnostic tools.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A total of 200 participants were included; gingival tissue thickness was measured by judging probe translucency at both central mandibular incisors, mid-facially on the buccal aspect of each tooth using a standard periodontal probe and a set of color-coded probe, each with a different color at the tip, i.e. Colorvue Biotype Probe (CBP). Frequencies and relative frequencies were calculated for probe visibility. Agreement between the standard periodontal probe and the CBP was evaluated via the kappa statistic.
RESULTS
When the periodontal probe was visible, the frequency of CBP being visible was very high. Kappa statistic for the agreement between the standard periodontal probe and the CBP was 0.198 (71.5% agreement; p-value < 0.001) for tooth 41 and 0.311 (74.0% agreement; p-value < 0.001) for tooth 31, indicating a positive association of the two methods.
CONCLUSIONS
An agreement that reached 74% was estimated between the standard periodontal probe and the color-coded probe at central mandibular incisors. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: In the context of the present study, the two methods of evaluating gingival thickness seem to produce comparable measurements with a substantial agreement. However, in the 1/4 of the cases, the visibility of the color-coded probe could not assist in the categorization of the gingival phenotype.
Topics: Humans; Incisor; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Gingiva; Male; Mandible; Adult; Middle Aged
PubMed: 38942966
DOI: 10.1007/s00784-024-05672-9 -
Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of... Jun 2024Tooth extraction is a common clinical procedure with biomechanical factors that can directly influence patient outcomes. Recent development in atraumatic extraction...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE
Tooth extraction is a common clinical procedure with biomechanical factors that can directly influence patient outcomes. Recent development in atraumatic extraction techniques have endeavoured to improve treatment outcomes, but the characterization of extraction biomechanics is sparse. An axisymmetric inverse finite element (FE) approach is presented to represent the biomechanics of vertical atraumatic tooth extraction in an ex-vivo swine model.
METHODS
Geometry and boundary conditions from the model are determined to match the extraction of swine incisors in a self-aligning ex vivo extraction experiment. Material parameters for the periodontal ligament (PDL) model are determined by solving an inverse FE problem using clusters of data obtained from 10 highly-controlled mechanical experiments. A seven-parameter visco-hyperelastic damage model, based on an Arruda-Boyce framework, is used for curve fitting. Three loading schemes were fit to obtain a common set of material parameters.
RESULTS
The inverse FE results demonstrate good predictions for overall force-time curve shape, peak force, and time to peak force. The fit model parameters are sufficiently consistent across all three cases that a coefficient-averaged model was taken that compares well to all three cases. Notably, the initial modulus ,u, converged across trials to an average value of 0.472 MPa with an average viscoelastic constant g of 0.561.
CONCLUSIONS
The presented model is found to have consistent parameters across loading cases. The capability of this model to represent the fundamental mechanical characteristics of the dental complex during vertical extraction loading is a significant advancement in the modelling of extraction procedures. Future work will focus on verifying the model as a predictive design tool for assessing new loading schemes in addition to investigating its applications to subject-specific problems.
PubMed: 38941913
DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2024.106641 -
Clinical Oral Investigations Jun 2024The purpose of this prospective cohort study is to evaluate the effect of peri-implant phenotype (PPh) on the severity of peri-implant diseases and the results of...
OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this prospective cohort study is to evaluate the effect of peri-implant phenotype (PPh) on the severity of peri-implant diseases and the results of non-surgical mechanical treatment (NSMT), along with calprotectin (CLP) and MMP-8(matrix metalloproteinase-8) levels.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
77 implants from 39 patients were included. The implants were categorized Group-1(peri-implant mucositis), Group-2(peri-implantitis).Baseline (0. Month-PrT) clinical parameters (PD, GI, PI, BOP, CAL) and radiographic bone loss were documented, and peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) samples were collected. Various intruments and methodologies were employed to assess PPh components (mucosa thickness, supracrestal tissue height, keratinized mucosa) and peri-implant attached mucosa (AM). NSMT was applied to diseased implant sites. All clinical parameters were reassessed again by taking PICF samples at the 6th month-after treatment (PT). In PICF samples obtained from both groups, MMP-8 and CLP levels were evaluated using the ELISA test.
RESULTS
PrT-PD,PrT-GI,PrT-CAL and PrT-BOP percentage values in Group-2 were significantly higher than Group-1.PrT-PD,PrTPI scores are significantly higher in thin biotype implants. All components of the PPh and AM were significantly lower in thin biotype. Intra-group time-dependent changes of MMP-8 and CLP were significant in both groups (p < 0.05). When the relationship between thin and thick biotype and biochemical parameters was evaluated, the change in PrT-PT didn't show a significant difference (p > 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
PPh plays a role in influencing the severity of peri-implant diseases. However, the impact of phenotype on NSMT outcomes was similar in both groups.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
The PPh should be considered when planning implant surgery.
Topics: Humans; Matrix Metalloproteinase 8; Female; Prospective Studies; Peri-Implantitis; Male; Middle Aged; Phenotype; Gingival Crevicular Fluid; Leukocyte L1 Antigen Complex; Dental Implants; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Biomarkers; Stomatitis; Periodontal Index; Adult; Aged
PubMed: 38940878
DOI: 10.1007/s00784-024-05798-w -
Journal of the Korean Association of... Jun 2024Peripheral ameloblastoma (PA) is believed to be the rarest variant of ameloblastoma and only has been described in isolated case reports. PA is usually confined to the...
Peripheral ameloblastoma (PA) is believed to be the rarest variant of ameloblastoma and only has been described in isolated case reports. PA is usually confined to the soft tissues surrounding the supporting tissues of the teeth. Although it manifests nonaggressive behavior and can be treated with complete removal by local surgical excision, long term follow up is mandatory to prevent future recurrence and possible malignant transformation.
PubMed: 38940653
DOI: 10.5125/jkaoms.2024.50.3.161 -
Annals of Agricultural and... Jun 2024Both periodontitis and non-specific bowel diseases (IBD) are complex chronic diseases, and the elements connecting them are the dysregulated microbiota and abnormal... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE
Both periodontitis and non-specific bowel diseases (IBD) are complex chronic diseases, and the elements connecting them are the dysregulated microbiota and abnormal immune response of the host. In turn, in the etiology of these diseases, the common environmental risk factor is improper mode of nutrition. The aim of the study is to review nutritional interventions and effective nutritional protocols applied in periodontitis and IBD. The result of the review will be identification of dietary recommendations exerting a beneficial effect on the reduction of the risk of development and alleviation of the severity of both diseases. At the same time, non-recommended dietary choices will be indicated.
REVIEW METHODS
A review of literature was carried out using the databases PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science. Publications were analyzed by a non-systematic literature review aimed at making a brief synthesis of the collected information.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE STATE OF KNOWLEDGE
Diets recommended to patients with both periodontitis and IBD included the Mediterranean diet, DASH diet and vegetarian diet; excluding veganism, raw foodism and fruitarianism. For patients with IBD, special dietary recommendations were elaborated on the recommendations of the International Organization for Research into Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IOIBD), and specific diets, i.e. specific carbohydrate diet (SCD), and Groningen anti-inflammatory diet (GrAID). In the process of treatment of oral and intestinal dysbiosis, probiotic therapy is beneficial in both diseases, specified as the Western diet. Non-conventional diets are not recommended.
SUMMARY
Diet therapy for inflammatory periodontal diseases and IBD requires extensive individualization; nevertheless, a universal principle is avoidance of highly processed food, and implementation of easily digestible meals based on natural, ecological products. Proper nutrition plays a crucial role in primary prevention of both diseases analyzed, whereas in secondary prevention, diet therapy is a valuable supplementation of pharmacotherapy.
Topics: Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Periodontitis; Diet; Secondary Prevention; Primary Prevention
PubMed: 38940099
DOI: 10.26444/aaem/190438 -
Journal of Conservative Dentistry and... May 2024The aim of this study was to compare the accuracy of two different electronic apex locators (EALs) in detecting simulated incomplete vertical root fractures (VRFs).
AIM
The aim of this study was to compare the accuracy of two different electronic apex locators (EALs) in detecting simulated incomplete vertical root fractures (VRFs).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Thirty freshly extracted single-rooted teeth were randomly divided into three groups of 10 teeth each labeled as Groups A, B, and C. Incomplete VRFs were simulated in the coronal, middle, and apical one-third of the roots for Groups A, B, and C, respectively. The teeth were embedded in alginate mold and fracture location was determined with Root ZX and Propex EALs for each sample and each group. To calculate the actual length (AL), each sample was sectioned at the upper level of the vertical fracture, and the length was measured by setting the stopper of the #10 K file under a stereomicroscope at ×30 magnification. The electronic lengths and ALs were compared using computer software, and the results were analyzed using SPSS 28.0 at a 95% confidence level.
RESULTS
No significant differences were seen in the accuracy of the two EALs when compared with ALs. Root ZX showed significantly longer measurements than ALs in groups B and C.
CONCLUSION
The tested EALs showed low accuracy (20%) in detecting simulated incomplete VRFs with a tendency for longer measurements compared to ALs.
PubMed: 38939546
DOI: 10.4103/JCDE.JCDE_132_24 -
Cureus May 2024is a new genus of anaerobic bacteria discovered in the year 2000. It is one of the most common bacteria present in the host microbial flora of dental plaque. The levels...
Comparative Evaluation of Mogibacterium timidum in the Subgingival Plaque of Periodontally Healthy and Chronic Periodontitis Patients: A Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Study.
BACKGROUND
is a new genus of anaerobic bacteria discovered in the year 2000. It is one of the most common bacteria present in the host microbial flora of dental plaque. The levels of are supposedly higher in inflammatory conditions.
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to quantify the levels of species in the subgingival plaque samples of healthy patients and patients with chronic periodontitis.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A total of 24 samples of the subgingival plaque, 12 healthy samples and 12 samples of chronic periodontitis patients, were collected in a buffer solution using a sterile Gracey curette. These samples were then sent to a laboratory for real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing.
RESULTS
was found in higher quantities in plaque samples taken from chronic periodontitis patients when compared to healthy patients.
CONCLUSION
can be said to be associated with chronic periodontitis condition. Further studies are required to know the exact nature of the pathogen.
PubMed: 38939247
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.61211 -
Journal of Oral Microbiology 2024The diversity and delicate balance of the oral microbiome contribute to oral health, with its disruption leading to oral and systemic diseases. Toothpaste includes...
The diversity and delicate balance of the oral microbiome contribute to oral health, with its disruption leading to oral and systemic diseases. Toothpaste includes elements like traditional additives such as sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) as well as novel postbiotics derived from probiotics, which are commonly employed for maintaining oral hygiene and a healthy oral cavity. However, the response of the oral microbiota to these treatments remains poorly understood. In this study, we systematically investigated the impact of SLS, and toothpaste containing postbiotics (hereafter, postbiotic toothpaste) across three systems: biofilms, animal models, and clinical populations. SLS was found to kill bacteria in both preformed biofilms (mature biofilms) and developing biofilms (immature biofilms), and disturbed the microbial community structure by increasing the number of pathogenic bacteria. SLS also destroyed periodontal tissue, promoted alveolar bone resorption, and enhanced the extent of inflammatory response level. The postbiotic toothpaste favored bacterial homeostasis and the normal development of the two types of biofilms , and attenuated periodontitis and gingivitis via modulation of oral microecology. Importantly, the postbiotic toothpaste mitigated the adverse effects of SLS when used in combination, both and . Overall, the findings of this study describe the impact of toothpaste components on oral microflora and stress the necessity for obtaining a comprehensive understanding of oral microbial ecology by considering multiple aspects.
PubMed: 38939048
DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2024.2372224