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International Journal of Molecular... Jun 2024Hydrogen sulfide (HS) is a novel gasotransmitter. Sucrose (SUC) is a source of cellular energy and a signaling molecule. Maize is the third most common food crop...
Hydrogen sulfide (HS) is a novel gasotransmitter. Sucrose (SUC) is a source of cellular energy and a signaling molecule. Maize is the third most common food crop worldwide. However, the interaction of HS and SUC in maize thermotolerance is not widely known. In this study, using maize seedlings as materials, the metabolic and functional interactions of HS and SUC in maize thermotolerance were investigated. The data show that under heat stress, the survival rate and tissue viability were increased by exogenous SUC, while the malondialdehyde content and electrolyte leakage were reduced by SUC, indicating SUC could increase maize thermotolerance. Also, SUC-promoted thermotolerance was enhanced by HS, while separately weakened by an inhibitor (propargylglycine) and a scavenger (hypotaurine) of HS and a SUC-transport inhibitor (N-ethylmaleimide), suggesting the interaction of HS and SUC in the development of maize thermotolerance. To establish the underlying mechanism of HS-SUC interaction-promoted thermotolerance, redox parameters in mesocotyls of maize seedlings were measured before and after heat stress. The data indicate that the activity and gene expression of HS-metabolizing enzymes were up-regulated by SUC, whereas HS had no significant effect on the activity and gene expression of SUC-metabolizing enzymes. In addition, the activity and gene expression of catalase, glutathione reductase, ascorbate peroxidase, peroxidase, dehydroascorbate reductase, monodehydroascorbate reductase, and superoxide dismutase were reinforced by HS, SUC, and their combination under non-heat and heat conditions to varying degrees. Similarly, the content of ascorbic acid, flavone, carotenoid, and polyphenol was increased by HS, SUC, and their combination, whereas the production of superoxide radicals and the hydrogen peroxide level were impaired by these treatments to different extents. These results imply that the metabolic and functional interactions of HS and sucrose signaling exist in the formation of maize thermotolerance through redox homeodynamics. This finding lays the theoretical basis for developing climate-resistant maize crops and improving food security.
Topics: Zea mays; Hydrogen Sulfide; Oxidation-Reduction; Thermotolerance; Sucrose; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Heat-Shock Response; Seedlings; Plant Proteins
PubMed: 38928304
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126598 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jun 2024Tanshinone IIA (T2A) is a bioactive compound that provides promise in the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), with a range of molecular mechanisms including the...
Tanshinone IIA (T2A) is a bioactive compound that provides promise in the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), with a range of molecular mechanisms including the inhibition of the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) and the induction of autophagy. Recently, T2A has been demonstrated to function through sestrin 2 (SESN) to inhibit mTORC1 activity, but its possible impact on autophagy through this pathway has not been investigated. Here, the model system and GBM cell lines were employed to investigate the cellular role of T2A in regulating SESN to inhibit mTORC1 and activate autophagy through a GATOR2 component MIOS. In , T2A treatment induced autophagy and inhibited mTORC1 activity, with both effects lost upon the ablation of SESN (sesn) or MIOS (mios). We further investigated the targeting of MIOS to reproduce this effect of T2A, where computational analysis identified 25 novel compounds predicted to strongly bind the human MIOS protein, with one compound (MIOS inhibitor 3; Mi3) reducing cell proliferation in two GBM cells. Furthermore, Mi3 specificity was demonstrated through the loss of potency in the mios cells regarding cell proliferation and the induction of autophagy. In GBM cells, Mi3 treatment also reduced mTORC1 activity and induced autophagy. Thus, a potential T2A mimetic showing the inhibition of mTORC1 and induction of autophagy in GBM cells was identified.
Topics: Glioblastoma; Abietanes; Humans; Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1; Autophagy; Cell Line, Tumor; Dictyostelium; Cell Proliferation; Nuclear Proteins; Sestrins
PubMed: 38928292
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126586 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jun 2024The objective of the study was to evaluate the profile and diagnostic significance of serum autoantibodies in infertile patients with premature ovarian insufficiency...
The objective of the study was to evaluate the profile and diagnostic significance of serum autoantibodies in infertile patients with premature ovarian insufficiency (POI). The pilot study included 26 patients of reproductive age with POI and diminished ovarian reserve who received complex treatment using new surgical technologies (Group 1) and 18 patients without POI (Group 2). The profile of serum autoantibodies, including anti-ovarian antibodies, antibodies against thyroid peroxidase (TPO), steroidogenic enzymes, and steroid and gonadotropic hormones, was studied using modified ELISAs and human recombinant steroidogenic enzymes (CYP11A1, CYP19A1, CYP21A2). Patients in Group 1 had higher levels of IgG autoantibodies against steroidogenic enzymes, estradiol, progesterone, and TPO than those in Group 2. Tests for IgG antibodies against CYP11A1, CYP19A1, and CYP21A2 exhibited high sensitivity (65.4-76.9%), specificity (83.3-89.9%), and AUC values (0.842-0.910) for POI, the highest in the first test. Three-antibodies panel screening showed higher diagnostic accuracy (84.1% versus 75-79.6%). The levels of these antibodies correlated with menstrual irregularities and a decrease in the antral follicle count. Thus, antibodies against CYP11A1, CYP19A1, and CYP21A2 have a high diagnostic value for POI. Three-antibody panel screening may improve the accuracy of POI diagnosis and be useful for identifying high-risk groups, early stages of the disease, and predicting POI progression.
Topics: Humans; Female; Autoantibodies; Primary Ovarian Insufficiency; Adult; Infertility, Female; Cholesterol Side-Chain Cleavage Enzyme; Aromatase; Steroid 21-Hydroxylase; Iodide Peroxidase; Pilot Projects; Immunoglobulin G; Biomarkers; Progesterone; Estradiol
PubMed: 38928251
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126545 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jun 2024Substance P (SP), encoded by the gene, has been shown to promote leukocyte infiltration and organ impairment in mice with sepsis. Neurokinin-1 receptor (NK1R) is the...
Substance P (SP), encoded by the gene, has been shown to promote leukocyte infiltration and organ impairment in mice with sepsis. Neurokinin-1 receptor (NK1R) is the major receptor that mediates the detrimental impact of SP on sepsis. This investigation studied whether SP affects the expression of adhesion molecules, including intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM1) on vascular endothelial cells in the liver and lungs, contributing to leukocyte infiltration in these tissues of mice with sepsis. Sepsis was induced by caecal ligation and puncture (CLP) surgery in mice. The actions of SP were inhibited by deleting the gene, blocking NK1R, or combining these two methods. The activity of myeloperoxidase and the concentrations of ICAM1 and VCAM1 in the liver and lungs, as well as the expression of ICAM1 and VCAM1 on vascular endothelial cells in these tissues, were measured. The activity of myeloperoxidase and the concentration of ICAM1 and VCAM1 in the liver and lungs, as well as the expression of ICAM1 and VCAM1 on vascular endothelial cells in these tissues, increased in mice with CLP surgery-induced sepsis. Suppressing the biosynthesis of SP and its interactions with NK1R attenuated CLP surgery-induced alterations in the liver and lungs of mice. Our findings indicate that SP upregulates the expression of ICAM1 and VCAM1 on vascular endothelial cells in the liver and lungs, thereby increasing leukocyte infiltration in these tissues of mice with CLP surgery-induced sepsis by activating NK1R.
Topics: Animals; Sepsis; Mice; Substance P; Lung; Liver; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; Endothelial Cells; Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; Receptors, Neurokinin-1; Male; Leukocytes; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Peroxidase; Cell Adhesion Molecules; Disease Models, Animal
PubMed: 38928206
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126500 -
Biology Jun 2024Canola is the largest self-produced vegetable oil source in China, although excessive levels of cadmium, lead, and arsenic seriously affect its yield. Therefore,...
Canola is the largest self-produced vegetable oil source in China, although excessive levels of cadmium, lead, and arsenic seriously affect its yield. Therefore, developing methods to identify canola materials with good heavy metal tolerance is a hot topic for canola breeding. In this study, canola near-isogenic lines with different oil contents (F338 (40.62%) and F335 (46.68%) as the control) and heavy metal tolerances were used as raw materials. In an experiment with 100 times the safe standard values, the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) activities of F335 were 32.02 mmol/mg and 71.84 mmol/mg, while the activities of F338 were 24.85 mmol/mg and 63.86 mmol/mg, exhibiting significant differences. The DEGs and DAPs in the MAPK signaling pathway of the plant hormone signal transduction pathway and other related pathways were analyzed and verified using RT-qPCR. SAUR36 and SAUR32 were identified as the key differential genes. The expression of the SAUR36 gene in canola materials planted in the experimental field was significantly higher than in the control, and FY958 exhibited the largest difference (27.82 times). In this study, SOD and SAUR36 were found to be closely related to heavy metal stress tolerance. Therefore, they may be used to screen for new canola materials with good heavy metal stress tolerance for canola breeding.
PubMed: 38927321
DOI: 10.3390/biology13060441 -
Biology May 2024Tomato bacterial spots, caused by pv. () and (), as well as bacterial specks, caused by two strains of pv. ( and ), represent significant threats to tomato...
Tomato bacterial spots, caused by pv. () and (), as well as bacterial specks, caused by two strains of pv. ( and ), represent significant threats to tomato production in the El-Sharkia governorate, often resulting in substantial yield losses. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of various biocontrol culture filtrates, including bacteria and fungi agents, in managing the occurrence and severity of these diseases, while also monitoring physiological changes in tomato leaves, including antioxidant enzymes, phenolics, and pigment content. The culture filtrates from examined species (, and ), as well as the tested bacteria (, , and ) at concentrations of 25%, 50%, and 100%, significantly inhibited the proliferation of pathogenic bacteria In vitro. For the In vivo experiments, we used specific doses of 5 mL of spore suspension per plant for the fungal bioagents at a concentration of 2.5 × 10 spores/mL. The bacterial bioagents were applied as a 10 mL suspension per plant at a concentration of 1 × 10 CFU/mL. Spraying the culture filtrates of the tested bioagents two days before infection In vivo significantly reduced disease incidence and severity. exhibited the highest efficacy among the fungal bioagents, followed by and . Meanwhile, the culture filtrate of emerged as the most potent among the bacterial bioagents, followed by . Furthermore, applying these culture filtrates resulted in elevated levels of chitinase, peroxidase, and polyphenol oxidase activity. This effect extended to increased phenol contents, as well as chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids in sprayed tomato plants compared to the control treatment. Overall, these findings underscore the potential of these biocontrol strategies to effectively mitigate disease incidence and severity while enhancing plant defense mechanisms and physiological parameters, thus offering promising avenues for sustainable disease management in tomato production.
PubMed: 38927249
DOI: 10.3390/biology13060369 -
Biology May 2024The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of Res and EGCG on cell growth, cellular antioxidant levels, and cellular lipid metabolism in hepatocytes. In this...
The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of Res and EGCG on cell growth, cellular antioxidant levels, and cellular lipid metabolism in hepatocytes. In this experiment, leghorn male hepatoma (LMH) cells were used as hepatocytes. The results showed that 6.25-25 μM Res and EGCG had no adverse effects on cell viability and growth. Meanwhile, with the increasing dosage of Res and EGCG, the contents of total cholesterol (TC), total glyceride (TG), and malondialdehyde (MDA) in hepatocytes decreased significantly ( < 0.05), while the contents of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), and catalase (CAT) increased significantly ( < 0.05). In addition, western blot results showed that Res and EGCG could significantly increase the expression of p-AMPK protein and reduce the expression of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR) protein in hepatocytes ( < 0.05). Moreover, q-PCR results showed that with the increase in Res and EGCG, the expression of cholesterol- and fatty acid synthesis-related genes decreased significantly ( < 0.05). In conclusion, Res and EGCG can increase the antioxidant capacity of hepatocytes and reduce the synthesis of TC and TG in hepatocytes by activating AMPK, thereby regulating lipid metabolism in hepatocytes.
PubMed: 38927248
DOI: 10.3390/biology13060368 -
Biology May 2024Flooding and drought are the two most devastating natural hazards limiting maize production. Exogenous glycinebetaine (GB), an osmotic adjustment agent, has been...
Flooding and drought are the two most devastating natural hazards limiting maize production. Exogenous glycinebetaine (GB), an osmotic adjustment agent, has been extensively used but there is limited research on its role in mitigating the negative effects of different abiotic stresses. This study aims to identify the different roles of GB in regulating the diverse defense regulation of maize against drought and flooding. Hybrids of Yindieyu 9 and Heyu 397 grown in pots in a ventilated greenhouse were subjected to flooding (2-3 cm standing layer) and drought (40-45% field capacity) at the three-leaf stage for 8 d. The effects of different concentrations of foliar GB (0, 0.5, 1.0, 5.0, and 10.0 mM) on the physiochemical attributes and growth of maize were tested. Greater drought than flooding tolerance in both varieties to combat oxidative stress was associated with higher antioxidant activities and proline content. While flooding decreased superoxide dismutase and guaiacol peroxidase (POD) activities and proline content compared to normal water, they all declined with stress duration, leading to a larger reactive oxygen species compared to drought. It was POD under drought stress and ascorbate peroxidase under flooding stress that played crucial roles in tolerating water stress. Foliar GB further enhanced antioxidant ability and contributed more effects to POD to eliminate more hydrogen peroxide than the superoxide anion, promoting growth, especially for leaves under water stress. Furthermore, exogenous GB made a greater increment in Heyu 397 than Yindieyu 9, as well as flooding compared to drought. Overall, a GB concentration of 5.0 mM, with a non-toxic effect on well-watered maize, was determined to be optimal for the effective mitigation of water-stress damage to the physiochemical characteristics and growth of maize.
PubMed: 38927240
DOI: 10.3390/biology13060360 -
Biomolecules Jun 2024The antioxidant defense mechanisms play a critical role in mitigating the deleterious effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Catalase stands out as a paramount... (Review)
Review
The antioxidant defense mechanisms play a critical role in mitigating the deleterious effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Catalase stands out as a paramount enzymatic antioxidant. It efficiently catalyzes the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide (HO) into water and oxygen, a potentially harmful byproduct of cellular metabolism. This reaction detoxifies HO and prevents oxidative damage. Catalase has been extensively studied as a therapeutic antioxidant. Its applications range from direct supplementation in conditions characterized by oxidative stress to gene therapy approaches to enhance endogenous catalase activity. The enzyme's stability, bioavailability, and the specificity of its delivery to target tissues are significant hurdles. Furthermore, studies employing conventional catalase formulations often face issues related to enzyme purity, activity, and longevity in the biological milieu. Addressing these challenges necessitates rigorous scientific inquiry and well-designed clinical trials. Such trials must be underpinned by sound experimental designs, incorporating advanced catalase formulations or novel delivery systems that can overcome existing limitations. Enhancing catalase's stability, specificity, and longevity in vivo could unlock its full therapeutic potential. It is necessary to understand the role of catalase in disease-specific contexts, paving the way for precision antioxidant therapy that could significantly impact the treatment of diseases associated with oxidative stress.
Topics: Catalase; Humans; Oxidative Stress; Animals; Antioxidants; Reactive Oxygen Species; Hydrogen Peroxide; Genetic Therapy
PubMed: 38927099
DOI: 10.3390/biom14060697 -
Biomolecules Jun 2024Reactive oxygen species (ROSs) are byproducts of normal cellular metabolism and play pivotal roles in various physiological processes. Disruptions in the balance between... (Review)
Review
Reactive oxygen species (ROSs) are byproducts of normal cellular metabolism and play pivotal roles in various physiological processes. Disruptions in the balance between ROS levels and the body's antioxidant defenses can lead to the development of numerous diseases. Glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPX3), a key component of the body's antioxidant system, is an oxidoreductase enzyme. GPX3 mitigates oxidative damage by catalyzing the conversion of hydrogen peroxide into water. Beyond its antioxidant function, GPX3 is vital in regulating metabolism, modulating cell growth, inducing apoptosis and facilitating signal transduction. It also serves as a significant tumor suppressor in various cancers. Recent studies have revealed aberrant expression of GPX3 in several non-neoplastic diseases, associating it with multiple pathological processes. This review synthesizes the current understanding of GPX3 expression and regulation, highlighting its extensive roles in noncancerous diseases. Additionally, this paper evaluates the potential of GPX3 as a diagnostic biomarker and explores emerging therapeutic strategies targeting this enzyme, offering potential avenues for future clinical treatment of non-neoplastic conditions.
Topics: Humans; Glutathione Peroxidase; Reactive Oxygen Species; Oxidative Stress; Animals; Antioxidants; Noncommunicable Diseases
PubMed: 38927092
DOI: 10.3390/biom14060689