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Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria (Sao... May 2024To analyse the related influencing factors of adolescent major depressive disorder (MDD) with suicidal and self-injurious behaviour (SSIB).
OBJECTIVE
To analyse the related influencing factors of adolescent major depressive disorder (MDD) with suicidal and self-injurious behaviour (SSIB).
METHODS
A total of 299 adolescents with MDD who were admitted to the psychiatric department of the hospital between February 2022 and July 2023 were selected using the convenience sampling method. The participants were divided into the SSIB group (n = 110) and the non-SSIB group (n = 189) according to whether SSIB was present, and related indicators were collected and compared.
RESULTS
The patients' ages at the time of their first SSIB ranged from 10 to 18 years old, with a mean age of 13.30 ± 1.74 years. The most commonly injured parts were the lower arm and wrist (42.13%), and the most common injury was cutting, accounting for 40.00% of the total patients. The most common type of self-injury differed by sex (X2 = 17.798, P = 0.006); for men, hitting was the most common, and for women, cutting was the most common. In 51.41% of the patients, the period between the initial thought and the actual committing of the SSIB was less than 5 minutes. The scores of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, the Barratt Impulsivity Scale, the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire, the Symptom Checklist-90 (all P < 0.001), and the health-risk behaviour scale (67.47 ± 12.59 vs. 41.58 ± 11.36, t = 9.587, P < 0.001) were significantly increased in the SSIB group compared with the non-SSIB group. In addition, the total score of quality of life (QOL) (11.36 ± 4.32 vs. 16.43 ± 5.64, t = 5.496, P < 0.001) was decreased in the SSIB group compared with the non-SSIB group.
CONCLUSION
The SSIB of adolescent patients with MDD is related to various factors, including impulsiveness, aggressiveness, personality traits, QOL, and mental health level.
PubMed: 38810153
DOI: 10.47626/1516-4446-2024-3613 -
Clinical Neuropsychiatry Apr 2024Transference is a psychological process where feelings and attitudes towards a familiar person are unconsciously redirected to another. This phenomenon can be activated...
OBJECTIVE
Transference is a psychological process where feelings and attitudes towards a familiar person are unconsciously redirected to another. This phenomenon can be activated by physical resemblance, including facial features. Despite its potential therapeutic significance, little research has investigated transference processes in individuals with psychiatric conditions. Here, we explored how patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD)-characterized, among other features, by unstable relationships, self-damaging impulsivity, and suicidal ideation-would exhibit transference of negative and positive attributes.
METHOD
We performed an experiment where BPD participants and a control group with no prior psychiatric history completed a face-rating task. The task involved an evaluation of images of strangers who resembled significant others in terms of facial features.
RESULTS
Our results indicated that transference effects were elicited in both groups. Notably, there were significant differences in ratings assigned to significant others, whereby participants with BPD displayed transference of negative attributes more and positive attributes less intensely than healthy controls, which, in part, correlated with attachment anxiety.
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings align with the tendency in BPD to perceive interpersonal relationships and emotions more negatively. They have potential implications for psychotherapeutic approaches in treating patients with BPD and our understanding of underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of BPD itself.
PubMed: 38807980
DOI: 10.36131/cnfioritieditore20240202 -
Frontiers in Health Services 2024During the COVID-19 pandemic individuals with mental illnesses faced challenges accessing psychiatric care. Our study aimed to describe patient characteristics and...
INTRODUCTION
During the COVID-19 pandemic individuals with mental illnesses faced challenges accessing psychiatric care. Our study aimed to describe patient characteristics and compare admissions and length of stay (LOS) for psychiatric-related hospitalizations before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.
METHODS
We conducted a retrospective analysis using health administrative data comparing individuals with an acute psychiatric admission between two time periods: 1st March 2019 to 31st December 2019 (pre-COVID) and 1st March 2020 to 31st December 2020 (during-COVID). Multivariable negative binomial regression was used to model the association between most responsible diagnosis type and the two-time periods to hospital LOS, reporting the Rate Ratio (RR) as the measure of effect.
RESULTS
The cohort comprised 939 individuals who were predominately male (60.3%) with a severe mental illness (schizophrenia or mood-affective disorder) (72.7%) and a median age of 38 (IQR: 28.0, 52.0) years. In the multivariable analysis, anxiety disorders (RR: 0.63, CI: 0.4, 0.99) and personality disorders (RR: 0.52, CI: 0.32, 0.85) were significantly associated with a shorter LOS when compared to individuals without those disorders. Additionally, when compared to hospital admissions for non-substance related disorders the LOS for patients with substance-related disorders were significantly shorter during the COVID period (RR: 0.45, CI: 0.30, 0.67) and pre-COVID period (RR: 0.31, CI: 0.21, 0.46).
CONCLUSIONS
We observed a significant difference in the type and length of admissions for various psychiatric disorders during the COVID-19 period. These findings can support systems of care in adapting to utilization changes during pandemics or other global health events.
PubMed: 38807747
DOI: 10.3389/frhs.2024.1365785 -
Current Issues in Personality Psychology 2024The psychopathology of personality is currently undergoing a paradigm shift from a categorical to a dimensional approach. This work aimed to study the underlying...
BACKGROUND
The psychopathology of personality is currently undergoing a paradigm shift from a categorical to a dimensional approach. This work aimed to study the underlying structure of pathological personality traits of the DSM-5 Alternative Model for Personality Disorders (AMPD). For this purpose, the internal structure of a version of the Personality Inventory for the DSM-5 (PID-5) was examined by a confirmatory factor analysis. This version assesses the five higher-order pathological personality domains (negative affectivity, detachment, antagonism, disinhibition, and psychoticism) and the 25 lower-order pathological personality facets through a reduced number of items. Four alternative models were compared: five-factor oblique; second-order (five first-order factors and one second-order factor); bifactor (five specific factors and a general factor), and one-factor.
PARTICIPANTS AND PROCEDURE
We worked with an Argentinean sample of = 525 subjects from the general population who answered the Argentine version of the PID-5.
RESULTS
The five-factor model was slightly superior to the second order model, and the bifactor model presented the best fit.
CONCLUSIONS
These findings, while preliminary, suggest that the PID-5 facets could reflect five specific pathological personality traits (which correspond to AMPD domains) but also a general factor (which would reflect a general propensity for psychopathology).
PubMed: 38807698
DOI: 10.5114/cipp/163182 -
Current Issues in Personality Psychology 2024The Inventory of Personality Organization (IPO) is a self-assessment instrument designed to measure the level of personality organization. In the present study, we...
BACKGROUND
The Inventory of Personality Organization (IPO) is a self-assessment instrument designed to measure the level of personality organization. In the present study, we developed and validated a French version (IPO-fr) of this instrument in a population of young adults. Its validity was established on the basis of two studies examining (1) its internal structure, and (2) its convergent validity with the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire-4+, the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and the Aggression Questionnaire (AQ).
PARTICIPANTS AND PROCEDURE
In the first study, we assessed the reliability of the internal structure of the French form of the IPO (IPO-fr) in a nonclinical population. Our sample comprised 602 first- and second-year psychology students, with a mean age of 19.40 years ( = 1.95). The second study assessed the convergent validity of the questionnaire in nonclinical samples, with regard to the three clusters (A, B, and C) of personality disorders, positive and negative affect, and aggression and depressive symptoms. The sample for this second study consisted of 305 first-, second- and third-year psychology students, with a mean age of 19.83 years ( = 2.12).
RESULTS
The French version of the IPO is shorter than the English: 40 items instead of 57. Its internal clarity and its discriminative capacity make it easier to interpret.
CONCLUSIONS
This study has established the relevance of the IPO-fr as a reliable and brief instrument for assessing individual personality. It could make a major contribution to the screening of personality pathology in the French population and to the assessment of treatment programs.
PubMed: 38807697
DOI: 10.5114/cipp/174519 -
Frontiers in Psychiatry 2024Eating disorder (ED) subtyping studies have often extracted an undercontrolled, an overcontrolled and a resilient profile based on trait impulsivity and perfectionism....
BACKGROUND
Eating disorder (ED) subtyping studies have often extracted an undercontrolled, an overcontrolled and a resilient profile based on trait impulsivity and perfectionism. However, the extent to which methodological choices impact the coherence and distinctness of resulting subtypes remains unclear.
OBJECTIVE
In this paper, we aimed to assess the robustness of these findings by extracting personality-based subtypes on a sample of ED patients ( = 221) under different analytic conditions.
METHODS
We ran four latent profile analyses (LPA), varying the extent to which we constrained variances and covariances during model parametrization. We then performed a comparative analysis also including state ED symptom measures as indicators. Finally, we used cross-method validation via k-means clustering to further assess the robustness of our profiles.
RESULTS
Our results demonstrated a four-profile model based on variances in impulsivity and perfectionism to fit the data well. Across model solutions, the profiles with the most and least state and trait disturbances were replicated most stably, while more nuanced variations in trait variables resulted in less consistent profiles. Inclusion of ED symptoms as indicator variables increased subtype differentiation and similarity across profiles. Validation cluster analyses aligned most with more restrictive LPA models.
CONCLUSION
These results suggest that ED subtypes track true constructs, since subtypes emerged method-independently. We found analytic methods to constrain the theoretical and practical conclusions that can be drawn. This underscores the importance of objective-driven analytic design and highlights its relevance in applying research findings in clinical practice.
PubMed: 38807687
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1376565 -
Frontiers in Psychiatry 2024Mental health services have transitioned from treating symptoms to emphasizing personal recovery. Despite its importance, integrating personal recovery into clinical...
INTRODUCTION
Mental health services have transitioned from treating symptoms to emphasizing personal recovery. Despite its importance, integrating personal recovery into clinical practice remains work in progress. This study evaluates the psychometric qualities of the Brief INSPIRE-O, a five-item patient-reported outcome measure assessing personal recovery.
METHOD
The study collected data from 2018 to 2020 at the Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, using an internet-based system examining 8,192 non-psychotic patients - receiving outpatient treatment.
MATERIALS
This study evaluated the Brief INSPIRE-O and used measures of symptomatology (SCL-10), well-being (WHO-5), and social functioning (modified SDS).
RESULTS
The study population comprised 76.8% females with a mean age of 32.9 years, and diagnoses included anxiety (28%), depression (34%), and personality disorder (19%). The mean Brief INSPIRE-O score (39.9) was lower than the general population norm (71.1). The Brief INSPIRE-O showed acceptable test-retest reliability (0.75), scalability (0.39), and internal consistency (0.73). Correlations with other mental health criteria were in the expected direction for symptomatology (-0.46), well-being (0.60), and social functioning (-0.43) and remained consistent across diagnoses.
DISCUSSION
The Brief INSPIRE-O demonstrated strong psychometric qualities and could be recommended as a measure of personal recovery for use in both research and clinical practice. Its strong theoretical basis and short completion time make it suitable for use for research. Incorporating Brief INSPIRE-O into clinical assessment will further support the process of mental health systems re-orientating towards personal recovery.
PubMed: 38807686
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1327020 -
Journal of Affective Disorders Sep 2024Functional connectivity has garnered interest as a potential biomarker of psychiatric disorders including borderline personality disorder (BPD). However, small sample...
BACKGROUND
Functional connectivity has garnered interest as a potential biomarker of psychiatric disorders including borderline personality disorder (BPD). However, small sample sizes and lack of within-study replications have led to divergent findings with no clear spatial foci.
AIMS
Evaluate discriminative performance and generalizability of functional connectivity markers for BPD.
METHOD
Whole-brain fMRI resting state functional connectivity in matched subsamples of 116 BPD and 72 control individuals defined by three grouping strategies. We predicted BPD status using classifiers with repeated cross-validation based on multiscale functional connectivity within and between regions of interest (ROIs) covering the whole brain-global ROI-based network, seed-based ROI-connectivity, functional consistency, and voxel-to-voxel connectivity-and evaluated the generalizability of the classification in the left-out portion of non-matched data.
RESULTS
Full-brain connectivity allowed classification (∼70 %) of BPD patients vs. controls in matched inner cross-validation. The classification remained significant when applied to unmatched out-of-sample data (∼61-70 %). Highest seed-based accuracies were in a similar range to global accuracies (∼70-75 %), but spatially more specific. The most discriminative seed regions included midline, temporal and somatomotor regions. Univariate connectivity values were not predictive of BPD after multiple comparison corrections, but weak local effects coincided with the most discriminative seed-ROIs. Highest accuracies were achieved with a full clinical interview while self-report results remained at chance level.
LIMITATIONS
The accuracies vary considerably between random sub-samples of the population, global signal and covariates limiting the practical applicability.
CONCLUSIONS
Spatially distributed functional connectivity patterns are moderately predictive of BPD despite heterogeneity of the patient population.
Topics: Humans; Borderline Personality Disorder; Female; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Adult; Machine Learning; Male; Brain; Young Adult; Connectome; Case-Control Studies; Brain Mapping
PubMed: 38806064
DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.05.125 -
Psychiatria Polska Apr 2024"Schizotypy" is a term describing personality traits reflected in emotional, perceptual and cognitive styles. Affective temperaments are trait-like features which were...
OBJECTIVES
"Schizotypy" is a term describing personality traits reflected in emotional, perceptual and cognitive styles. Affective temperaments are trait-like features which were observed to be stable in time and predispose to mood disorders. The purpose of this study was to examine relationship between schizotypal features, affective temperaments and anhedonia in patients with bipolar depression.
METHODS
54 patients with bipolar depression were included in the study. Participant were administered the following psychometric tools: Dimensional Anhedonia Rating Scale (DARS), Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale (SHAPS), Oxford-Liverpool Inventory of Feelings and Experiences (O-LIFE), Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris, and San Diego Autoquestionnaire (TEMPS-A), and Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology - Self-Report (QIDS-SR). Correlations between the variables were calculated and linear regression models were built.
RESULTS
Only hyperthymia (affective temperament) and introvertive anhedonia (schizotypal domain) were statistically significantly correlated with anhedonia. In regression models, introvertive anhedonia predicted higher whereas hyperthymic features lower severity of anhedonia (measured by the SHAPS scale).
CONCLUSIONS
Hyperthymic features are protective and introvertive anhedonia is a risk factor for consummatory anhedonia.
PubMed: 38805600
DOI: 10.12740/PP/OnlineFirst/178345 -
Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment 2024The experience of peer victimization in childhood increases the risk of developing anxiety disorders and depression, risk of suicide, as well as sensitivity to stress,...
BACKGROUND
The experience of peer victimization in childhood increases the risk of developing anxiety disorders and depression, risk of suicide, as well as sensitivity to stress, in adulthood. Various personality traits are known to be associated with these effects. However, the influence of trait anxiety on job stress has not yet been reported. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that the experience of peer victimization in childhood and trait anxiety influence job stress in adulthood.
METHODS
A questionnaire survey, including State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Childhood Victimization Rating Scale, and Brief Job Stress Questionnaire, was administered to 566 adult workers. The interrelationship between multiple variables was analyzed by multiple regression analysis and path analysis.
RESULTS
In the path model, childhood peer victimization had a positive direct effect on trait anxiety and the psychological and physical stress response (PPSR). Trait anxiety had a positive direct effect on job stressors and PPSR, and job stressors had a positive direct effect on PPSR. Regarding indirect effects, childhood peer victimization had a significant adverse effect on job stressors and PPSR via trait anxiety.
CONCLUSION
Our results showed that childhood peer victimization has a negative impact on job stress in adulthood, which is influenced by trait anxiety. Interventions to address peer victimization in childhood and trait anxiety may reduce job stress in adulthood, and thus contribute to improved occupational mental health and productivity in the workplace.
PubMed: 38803820
DOI: 10.2147/NDT.S453055