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Frontiers in Oral Health 2024The study aimed to evaluate the impact of tobacco use on the composition and functions of the oral microbiome in healthy adult humans. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
The study aimed to evaluate the impact of tobacco use on the composition and functions of the oral microbiome in healthy adult humans.
METHODS
We conducted a systematic search on PubMed, Web of Science, and Cinhal databases for literature published until 15 December 2023, to identify studies that have evaluated the oral microbiome with culture-independent next-generation techniques comparing the oral microbiome of tobacco users and non-users. The search followed the PECO format. The outcomes included changes in microbial diversity and abundance of microbial taxa. The quality assessment was performed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) (PROSPERO ID CRD42022340151).
RESULTS
Out of 2,435 articles screened, 36 articles satisfied the eligibility criteria and were selected for full-text review. Despite differences in design, quality, and population characteristics, most studies reported an increase in bacterial diversity and richness in tobacco users. The most notable bacterial taxa enriched in users were and at the phylum level and , , and at the genus level. At the functional level, more similarities could be noted; and were increased in tobacco users compared to non-users. Most of the studies were of good quality on the NOS scale.
CONCLUSION
Tobacco smoking influences oral microbial community harmony, and it shows a definitive shift towards a proinflammatory milieu. Heterogeneities were detected due to sampling and other methodological differences, emphasizing the need for greater quality research using standardized methods and reporting.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
CRD42022340151.
PubMed: 38445094
DOI: 10.3389/froh.2024.1310334 -
MBio Apr 2024The oral commensal can spread to extra-oral sites, where it is associated with diverse pathologies, including pre-term birth and cancer. Due to the evolutionary...
The oral commensal can spread to extra-oral sites, where it is associated with diverse pathologies, including pre-term birth and cancer. Due to the evolutionary distance of to other model bacteria, we lack a deeper understanding of the RNA regulatory networks that allow this bacterium to adapt to its various niches. As a first step in that direction, we recently showed that harbors a global stress response governed by the extracytoplasmic function sigma factor, σ, which displays a striking functional conservation with Proteobacteria and includes a noncoding arm in the form of a regulatory small RNA (sRNA), FoxI. To search for putative additional σ-dependent sRNAs, we comprehensively mapped the 5' and 3' ends of transcripts in the model strain ATCC 23726. This enabled the discovery of FoxJ, a ~156-nucleotide sRNA previously misannotated as the 5' untranslated region (UTR) of . FoxJ is tightly controlled by σ and activated by the same stress conditions as is FoxI. Both sRNAs act as mRNA repressors of the abundant porin FomA, but FoxJ also regulates genes that are distinct from the target suite of FoxI. Moreover, FoxJ differs from other σ-dependent sRNAs in that it also positively regulates genes at the post-transcriptional level. We provide preliminary evidence for a new mode of sRNA-mediated mRNA activation, which involves the targeting of intra-operonic terminators. Overall, our study provides an important resource through the comprehensive annotation of 5' and 3' UTRs in and expands our understanding of the σ response in this evolutionarily distant bacterium.IMPORTANCEThe oral microbe can colonize secondary sites, including cancer tissue, and likely deploys complex regulatory systems to adapt to these new environments. These systems are largely unknown, partly due to the phylogenetic distance of to other model organisms. Previously, we identified a global stress response mediated by σ that displays functional conservation with the envelope stress response in Proteobacteria, comprising a coding and noncoding regulatory arm. Through global identification of transcriptional start and stop sites, we uncovered the small RNA (sRNA) FoxJ as a novel component of the noncoding arm of the σ response in . Together with its companion sRNA FoxI, FoxJ post-transcriptionally modulates the synthesis of envelope proteins, revealing a conserved function for σ-dependent sRNAs between Fusobacteriota and Proteobacteria. Moreover, FoxJ activates the gene expression for several targets, which is a mode of regulation previously unseen in the noncoding arm of the σ response.
Topics: Humans; RNA, Messenger; Fusobacterium nucleatum; Transcriptome; Phylogeny; RNA, Small Untranslated; Bacteria; RNA, Bacterial; Neoplasms; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial
PubMed: 38436569
DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03536-23 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2024() infection is rare in pediatrics. In addition, the detection time of by blood culture is long, and the positive rate is low. Infection with bacilli usually follows...
() infection is rare in pediatrics. In addition, the detection time of by blood culture is long, and the positive rate is low. Infection with bacilli usually follows rapid disease progression, resulting in high mortality. In previous reports of -related cases, the most dangerous moment of the disease occurred after the appearance of Lemierre's syndrome. We report an atypical case of a 6-year-old female patient who developed septic shock within 24 h of admission due to infection in the absence of Lemierre's syndrome. was identified in a blood sample by metagenomics next-generation sequencing (mNGS) but not by standard blood culture. The patient was finally cured and discharged after receiving timely and effective targeted anti-infection treatment. In the present case study, it was observed that the heightened virulence and invasiveness of contribute significantly to its role as a primary pathogen in pediatric septic shock. This can precipitate hemodynamic instability and multiple organ failure, even in the absence of Lemierre's syndrome. The use of mNGS can deeply and rapidly identify infectious pathogens, guide the use of targeted antibiotics, and greatly improve the survival rate of patients.
Topics: Female; Humans; Child; Shock, Septic; Fusobacterium necrophorum; Lemierre Syndrome; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Anti-Bacterial Agents
PubMed: 38435306
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1236630 -
Multi-omics analysis of miRNA-mediated intestinal microflora changes in crucian carp infected with .Frontiers in Immunology 2024Infection by an emerging bacterial pathogen caused enteritis and septicemia in fish. However, the molecular pathogenesis of enteritis induced by infection and its...
Infection by an emerging bacterial pathogen caused enteritis and septicemia in fish. However, the molecular pathogenesis of enteritis induced by infection and its interacting mechanism of the intestinal microflora associated with microRNA (miRNA) immune regulation in crucian carp are still unclear. In this study, intraperitoneally injected with KCL-5 was used as an experimental animal model, and the intestinal pathological changes, microflora, and differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) were investigated by multi-omics analysis. The significant changes in histopathological features, apoptotic cells, and enzyme activities (e.g., lysozyme (LYS), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px)) in the intestine were examined after infection. Diversity and composition analysis of the intestinal microflora clearly demonstrated four dominant bacteria: Proteobacteria, Fusobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Firmicutes. A total of 87 DEMs were significantly screened, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses revealed that the potential target genes were mainly involved in the regulation of lipid, glutathione, cytosine, and purine metabolism, which participated in the local immune response through the intestinal immune network for IgA production, lysosome, and Toll-like receptor (TLR) pathways. Moreover, the expression levels of 11 target genes (e.g., , , , , , , , , , , and ) related to inflammation and immunity were verified by qRT-PCR detection. The correlation analysis indicated that the abundance of intestinal Firmicutes and Proteobacteria was significantly associated with the high local expression of miR-203/, miR-129/, and miR-205/. These findings will help to elucidate the molecular regulation mechanism of the intestinal microflora, inflammation, and immune response-mediated miRNA-target gene axis in cyprinid fish.
Topics: Animals; Goldfish; Carps; Rahnella; NF-kappa B; Multiomics; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Inflammation; Enteritis; Transforming Growth Factor beta; MicroRNAs
PubMed: 38426108
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1335602 -
Environmental Microbiology Reports Apr 2024We developed a simulation model of human oral microbiota using Bio Palette oral medium (BPOM) containing 0.02% glucose and lower bacterial nitrogen sources, derived from...
We developed a simulation model of human oral microbiota using Bio Palette oral medium (BPOM) containing 0.02% glucose and lower bacterial nitrogen sources, derived from saliva and dental plaque. By decreasing the concentration of Gifu anaerobic medium (GAM) from 30 to 10 g L , we observed increased ratios of target pathogenic genera, Porphyromonas and Fusobacterium from 0.5% and 1.7% to 1.2% and 3.5%, respectively, in the biofilm on hydroxyapatite (HA) discs. BPOM exhibited the higher ratios of Porphyromonas and Fusobacterium, and amplicon sequence variant number on HA, compared with GAM, modified GAM and basal medium mucin. Mixing glycerol stocks of BPOM culture solutions from four human subjects resulted in comparable ratios of these bacteria to the original saliva. In this simulation model, sitafloxacin showed higher inhibitory effects on P. gingivalis than minocycline hydrochloride at a low dosage of 0.1 μg mL . Probiotics such as Streptococcus salivarius and Limosilactobacillus fermentum also showed significant decreases in Porphyromonas and Fusobacterium ratios on HA, respectively. Overall, the study suggests that BPOM with low carbon and nutrients could be a versatile platform for assessing the efficacy of antibiotics and live biotherapeutics in treating oral diseases caused by Porphyromonas and Fusobacterium.
Topics: Humans; Fusobacterium nucleatum; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Saliva; Biofilms; Microbiota
PubMed: 38425145
DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.13243 -
Emerging Infectious Diseases Mar 2024We describe a case of endocarditis caused by Streptobacillus moniliformis bacteria, a known cause of rat-bite fever, in a 32-year-old woman with pet rats in Germany. The...
We describe a case of endocarditis caused by Streptobacillus moniliformis bacteria, a known cause of rat-bite fever, in a 32-year-old woman with pet rats in Germany. The patient had a strong serologic response, with high IgM and IgG titers. Serologic analysis is a promising tool to identify S. moniliformis bacterial infection.
Topics: Female; Humans; Animals; Rats; Adult; Endocarditis; Streptobacillus; Immunoglobulin G; Immunoglobulin M
PubMed: 38407252
DOI: 10.3201/eid3003.230917 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2024The association between periodontitis (PD) and Parkinson's disease (PK) is discussed due to the inflammatory component of neurodegenerative processes. PK severity and...
UNLABELLED
The association between periodontitis (PD) and Parkinson's disease (PK) is discussed due to the inflammatory component of neurodegenerative processes. PK severity and affected areas were determined using the following neuropsychological tests: Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Score (UPDRS) and Hoehn and Yahr; non-motoric symptoms by Non-Motor Symptoms Scale (NMSS), and cognitive involvement by Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Neuroinflammation and the resulting Glucose-6-Phosphatase-Dehydrogenase (G6PD) dysfunction are part of the pathophysiology of PK. This study aimed to evaluate these associations in periodontal inflammation. Clinical data and saliva-, serum-, and RNA-biobank samples of 50 well-characterized diametric patients with PK and five age- and sex-matched neurologically healthy participants were analyzed for G6PD function, periodontal pathogens (, and , monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP) 1, and interleukin (IL) 1-beta. Regression analysis was used to identify associations between clinical and behavioral data, and t-tests were used to compare health and disease. Compared with PK, no pathogens and lower inflammatory markers (p < 0.001) were detectible in healthy saliva and serum, PK-severity/UPDRS interrelated with the occurrence of in serum as well as IL1-beta levels in serum and saliva (p = 0.006, 0.019, 0.034), Hoehn and Yahr correlated with , , RNA IL1-beta regulation, serum, and saliva IL1-beta levels, with p-values of 0.038, 0.011, 0.008, <0.001, and 0.010, while MMSE was associated with , , serum MCP 1 levels, RNA IL1-beta regulation and G6PD serum activity (p = 0.036, 0.003, 0.045, <0.001, and 0.021). Cognitive and motor skills seem to be important as representative tests are associated with periodontal pathogens and oral/general inflammation, wherein G6PD-saliva dysfunction might be involved.
CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION
https://www.bfarm.de/DE/Das-BfArM/Aufgaben/Deutsches-Register-Klinischer-Studien/_node.html, identifier DRKS00005388.
Topics: Humans; Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans; Fusobacterium nucleatum; Inflammation; Parkinson Disease; Periodontitis; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Prevotella intermedia; RNA; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase
PubMed: 38404290
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1298546 -
Nature Communications Feb 2024Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) promotes intestinal tumor growth and its relative abundance varies greatly among patients with CRC, suggesting the presence of...
Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) promotes intestinal tumor growth and its relative abundance varies greatly among patients with CRC, suggesting the presence of unknown, individual-specific effectors in F. nucleatum-dependent carcinogenesis. Here, we identify that F. nucleatum is enriched preferentially in KRAS p.G12D mutant CRC tumor tissues and contributes to colorectal tumorigenesis in Villin-Cre/Kras mice. Additionally, Parabacteroides distasonis (P. distasonis) competes with F. nucleatum in the G12D mouse model and human CRC tissues with the KRAS mutation. Orally gavaged P. distasonis in mice alleviates the F. nucleatum-dependent CRC progression. F. nucleatum invades intestinal epithelial cells and binds to DHX15, a protein of RNA helicase family expressed on CRC tumor cells, mechanistically involving ERK/STAT3 signaling. Knock out of Dhx15 in Villin-Cre/Kras mice attenuates the CRC phenotype. These findings reveal that the oncogenic effect of F. nucleatum depends on somatic genetics and gut microbial ecology and indicate that personalized modulation of the gut microbiota may provide a more targeted strategy for CRC treatment.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Mice; Carcinogenesis; Colorectal Neoplasms; Fusobacterium nucleatum; Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras); RNA Helicases
PubMed: 38402201
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45572-w -
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Jan 2024: Anaerobic bacteria like can lead to severe and life-threatening infections. The inherent complexities in the isolation of these bacteria may result in diagnostic and...
: Anaerobic bacteria like can lead to severe and life-threatening infections. The inherent complexities in the isolation of these bacteria may result in diagnostic and therapeutic delays, thereby escalating both morbidity and mortality rates. We aimed to examine data from patients with infections due to to gain insights into the epidemiology and clinical outcomes of patients with these infections. : We conducted a retrospective analysis of clinical data from a cohort of patients with cultures positive for Fusobacterium species at a tertiary care medical center in the United States. Between 2009 and 2015, we identified 96 patients with cultures positive for . Patients could be categorized into three groups based on the site of primary infection. Patients with head and neck infections constituted 37% (n 36). Patients with infections of other soft tissue sites accounted for 38.5% (n 37). Patients with anaerobic bacteremia due to formed 24% (n 23) of the cohort. Surgical intervention coupled with antibiotic therapy emerged as cornerstones of management for patients with head and neck or other soft tissue infections, who generally exhibited more favorable outcomes. Patients with bacteremia were older, more likely to have malignancy, and had a high mortality rate. When speciation was available, was the most frequently isolated species. : Our retrospective analysis of epidemiology and clinical outcomes of infections revealed three distinct cohorts. Patients with head, neck, or soft tissue infections had better outcomes than those with bacteremia. Our findings highlight the importance of employing management strategies based on infection site and underlying comorbidities in patients with infections. Further research is needed to investigate the optimal therapeutic strategies and identify prognostic indicators to improve clinical outcomes for these complex infections.
Topics: Humans; Retrospective Studies; Soft Tissue Infections; Fusobacterium Infections; Fusobacterium; Bacteremia
PubMed: 38399536
DOI: 10.3390/medicina60020248 -
Fish Physiology and Biochemistry Jun 2024The present study investigated the effect of replacing fishmeal (FM) with insect meal of Hermetia illucens (HI) in the diet of Sparus aurata farmed inshore on growth,...
The present study investigated the effect of replacing fishmeal (FM) with insect meal of Hermetia illucens (HI) in the diet of Sparus aurata farmed inshore on growth, gut health, and microbiota composition. Two isolipidic (18% as fed) and isoproteic (42% as fed) diets were tested at the farm scale: a control diet without HI meal and an experimental diet with 11% HI meal replacing FM. At the end of the 25-week feeding trial, final body weight, specific growth rate, feed conversion rate, and hepatosomatic index were not affected by the diet. Gross morphology of the gastrointestinal tract and the liver was unchanged and showed no obvious signs of inflammation. High-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons (MiSeq platform, Illumina) used to characterize the gut microbial community profile showed that Proteobacteria, Fusobacteria, and Firmicutes were the dominant phyla of the gut microbiota of gilthead seabream, regardless of diet. Dietary inclusion of HI meal altered the gut microbiota by significantly decreasing the abundance of Cetobacterium and increasing the relative abundance of the Oceanobacillus and Paenibacillus genera. Our results clearly indicate that the inclusion of HI meal as an alternative animal protein source positively affects the gut microbiota of seabream by increasing the abundance of beneficial genera, thereby improving gut health and maintaining growth performance of S. aurata from coastal farms.
Topics: Animals; Sea Bream; Animal Feed; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Diet; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Chenopodiaceae; Intestines; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena
PubMed: 38386264
DOI: 10.1007/s10695-024-01314-9