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Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2024The aim of this study is to evaluate the anti-HPV potential of a Lam seed, L. seed, and peel herbal mixture in the form of polymer film-forming systems. A clinical...
In Vitro and Randomized Controlled Clinical Study of Natural Constituents' Anti-HPV Potential for Treatment of Plantar Warts Supported with In Silico Studies and Network Analysis.
The aim of this study is to evaluate the anti-HPV potential of a Lam seed, L. seed, and peel herbal mixture in the form of polymer film-forming systems. A clinical trial conducted in outpatient clinics showed that the most significant outcome was wart size and quantity. Compared to the placebo group, the intervention group's size and number of warts were considerably better according to the results. Chemical profiling assisted by LC-HRMS led to the dereplication of 49 metabolites. Furthermore, network pharmacology was established for the mixture of three plants; each plant was studied separately to find out the annotated target genes, and then, we combined all annotated genes of all plants and filtered the genes to specify the genes related to human papilloma virus. In a backward step, the 24 configured genes related to HPV were used to specify only 30 compounds involved in HPV infection based on target genes. CA2 and EGFR were the top identified genes with 16 and 12 edges followed by PTGS2, CA9, and MMP9 genes with 11 edges each. A molecular docking study for the top active identified compounds of each species was conducted in the top target HPV genes, CA2 and EGFR, to investigate the mode of interaction between these compounds and the targets' active sites.
PubMed: 38931426
DOI: 10.3390/ph17060759 -
Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) May 2024The importance of natural plant materials in modern medicine is considerable, and raw materials with antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal, and anticancer properties are... (Review)
Review
The importance of natural plant materials in modern medicine is considerable, and raw materials with antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal, and anticancer properties are still sought because of microbe resistance and difficulties in anticancer therapy. This review focuses on the lemongrass (DC.) Stapf. and on the lemongrass oil properties and applications. Multiple applications of this plant were described in different latitudes and cultures, including cases of digestive disorders and anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, diaphoretic, stimulating, and antispasmodic conditions. Data from the literature on the composition of essential oil and extracts from were analyzed, and the results of research on the antifungal, antibacterial, and antiviral effects were quoted. Essential oil inhibits the growth of fungi (, , spp.) and has an antibacterial effect (, , ). It also shows antiviral activity and deters insects. Lemongrass contains active substances with potential anticancer effects. This plant has apoptosis-stimulating properties, mainly through the activity of apigenin, which is the main active flavonoid in this plant. This active substance helps inhibit cell proliferation by stopping the cell cycle and directing cancer cells toward apoptosis.
PubMed: 38931371
DOI: 10.3390/ph17060705 -
Plants (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2024In tropical countries, combating leaf curl disease in hot peppers has become important in improvement programs. Leaf curl disease is caused by whitefly () transmitted...
In tropical countries, combating leaf curl disease in hot peppers has become important in improvement programs. Leaf curl disease is caused by whitefly () transmitted begomoviruses, which mainly include chilli leaf curl virus (ChiLCV). However, multiple begomoviruses have also been found to be associated with this disease. The line, DLS-Sel-10, was found to be a tolerant source against this disease during field screening. In this study, we characterized the resistance of DLS-sel-10 against chilli leaf curl virus (ChiLCV) in comparison to the susceptible cultivar Phule Mukta (PM), focusing on the level, stage, and nature of resistance. Comprehensive investigations involved screening of DLS-Sel-10 against the whitefly vector ChiLCV. The putative tolerant line displayed reduced virus infection at the seedling stage, with increasing resistance during vegetative, flowering, and fruiting stages. Both DLS-Sel-10 and PM could be infected with ChiLCV, although DLS-Sel-10 remained symptomless. Insect feeding assays revealed DLS-Sel-10 as a less preferred host for whiteflies compared to PM. In conclusion, DLS-Sel-10 demonstrated tolerance not only to ChiLCV but also served as an unfavorable host for the whitefly vector. The study highlighted an age-dependent increase in tolerance within DLS-Sel-10, showcasing its potential for effective leaf curl disease management in chilli.
PubMed: 38931079
DOI: 10.3390/plants13121647 -
Microorganisms Jun 2024The pandemic of Southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus (SRBSDV) in and after the late 2000s caused serious yield losses in rice in Southeast and East Asia. This virus...
The pandemic of Southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus (SRBSDV) in and after the late 2000s caused serious yield losses in rice in Southeast and East Asia. This virus was first recorded in China in 2001, but its exclusive vector insect, , occurred there before then. To clarify the evolutionary origin of SRBSDV as the first plant virus transmitted by , we tested virus transmission using three chronological strains of , two of which were established before the first report of SRBSDV. When the strains fed on SRBSDV-infected rice plants were transferred to healthy rice plants, those established in 1989 and 1999 transmitted the virus to rice similarly to the strain established in 2010. SRBSDV quantification by RT-qPCR confirmed virus accumulation in the salivary glands of all three strains. Therefore, SRBSDV transmission by was not caused by biological changes in the vector, but probably by the genetic change of the virus from a closely related , Rice black-streaked dwarf virus, as suggested by ecological and molecular biological comparisons between the two viruses. This result will help us to better understand the evolutionary relationship between plant viruses and their vector insects and to better manage viral disease in rice cropping in Asia.
PubMed: 38930586
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12061204 -
Microorganisms May 2024Brucellosis is an important bacterial disease of livestock and the most common zoonotic disease. The current vaccines are effective but unsafe, as they result in animal...
Brucellosis is an important bacterial disease of livestock and the most common zoonotic disease. The current vaccines are effective but unsafe, as they result in animal abortions and are pathogenic to humans. Virus-like particles are being investigated as molecular scaffolds for foreign antigen presentation to the immune system. Here, we sought to develop a new-generation vaccine by presenting selected T cell epitopes on the surface of Orbivirus core-like particles (CLPs) and transiently expressing these chimeric particles in plants. We successfully demonstrated the assembly of five chimeric CLPs in plants, with each CLP presenting a different T cell epitope. The safety and protective efficacy of three of the highest-yielding CLPs was investigated in a mouse model of brucellosis. All three plant-expressed chimeric CLPs were safe when inoculated into BALB/c mice at specific antigen doses. However, only one chimeric CLP induced protection against the virulent strain challenge equivalent to the protection induced by the commercial Rev1 vaccine. Here, we have successfully shown the assembly, safety and protective efficacy of plant-expressed chimeric CLPs presenting T cell epitopes. This is the first step in the development of a safe and efficacious subunit vaccine against brucellosis.
PubMed: 38930429
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12061047 -
International Journal of Environmental... Jun 2024The study investigated the application of Wastewater-Based Epidemiology (WBE) as a tool for monitoring the SARS-CoV-2 prevalence in a city in northern Italy from October...
The study investigated the application of Wastewater-Based Epidemiology (WBE) as a tool for monitoring the SARS-CoV-2 prevalence in a city in northern Italy from October 2021 to May 2023. Based on a previously used deterministic model, this study proposed a variation to account for the population characteristics and virus biodegradation in the sewer network. The model calculated virus loads and corresponding COVID-19 cases over time in different areas of the city and was validated using healthcare data while considering viral mutations, vaccinations, and testing variability. The correlation between the predicted and reported cases was high across the three waves that occurred during the period considered, demonstrating the ability of the model to predict the relevant fluctuations in the number of cases. The population characteristics did not substantially influence the predicted and reported infection rates. Conversely, biodegradation significantly reduced the virus load reaching the wastewater treatment plant, resulting in a 30% reduction in the total virus load produced in the study area. This approach can be applied to compare the virus load values across cities with different population demographics and sewer network structures, improving the comparability of the WBE data for effective surveillance and intervention strategies.
Topics: Italy; COVID-19; Humans; SARS-CoV-2; Wastewater; Wastewater-Based Epidemiological Monitoring; Viral Load; Spatio-Temporal Analysis; Cities
PubMed: 38928987
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21060741 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jun 2024Wheat powdery mildew is an important fungal disease that seriously jeopardizes wheat production, which poses a serious threat to food safety. SJ106 is a high-quality,...
Wheat powdery mildew is an important fungal disease that seriously jeopardizes wheat production, which poses a serious threat to food safety. SJ106 is a high-quality, disease-resistant spring wheat variety; this disease resistance is derived from Wheat-wheatgrass 33. In this study, the powdery mildew resistance genes in SJ106 were located at the end of chromosome 6DS, a new disease resistance locus tentatively named . This interval was composed of a nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) gene cluster containing 19 NLR genes. Five NLRs were tandem duplicated genes, and one of them (a coiled coil domain-nucleotide binding site-leucine-rich repeat (CC-NBS-LRR; CNL) type gene, ) expressed 69-836-fold in SJ106 compared with the susceptible control. The genome DNA and cDNA sequences of TaRGA5-like were amplified from SJ106, which contain several nucleotide polymorphisms in LRR regions compared with susceptible individuals and Chinese Spring. Overexpression of significantly increased resistance to powdery mildew in susceptible receptor wheat Jinqiang5. However, Virus induced gene silence (VIGS) of resulted in only a small decrease of SJ106 in disease resistance, presumably compensated by other duplicated genes. The results suggested that confers partial powdery mildew resistance in SJ106. As a member of the , functioned together with other duplicated genes to improve wheat resistance to powdery mildew. Wheat variety SJ106 would become a novel and potentially valuable germplasm for powdery mildew resistance.
Topics: Triticum; Disease Resistance; Plant Diseases; Plant Proteins; NLR Proteins; Ascomycota; Chromosome Mapping; Genes, Plant; Multigene Family; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Chromosomes, Plant
PubMed: 38928313
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126603 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jun 2024MIXTA-like transcription factors AtMYB16 and AtMYB106 play important roles in the regulation of cuticular wax accumulation in dicot model plant , but there are very few...
MIXTA-like transcription factors AtMYB16 and AtMYB106 play important roles in the regulation of cuticular wax accumulation in dicot model plant , but there are very few studies on the MIXTA-like transcription factors in monocot plants. Herein, wheat MIXTA-like transcription factors TaMIXTA1 and TaMIXTA2 were characterized as positive regulators of cuticular wax accumulation. The virus-induced gene silencing experiments showed that knock-down of wheat and expressions resulted in the decreased accumulation of leaf cuticular wax, increased leaf water loss rate, and potentiated chlorophyll leaching. Furthermore, three wheat orthologous genes of (, , and ) and their function in cuticular wax deposition were reported. The silencing of by BSMV-VIGS led to reduced loads of leaf cuticular wax and enhanced rates of leaf water loss and chlorophyll leaching, indicating the essential role of the gene in the deposition of wheat cuticular wax. In addition, we demonstrated that TaMIXTA1 and TaMIXTA2 function as transcriptional activators and could directly stimulate the transcription of wax biosynthesis gene and wax deposition gene . The above results strongly support that wheat MIXTA-Like transcriptional activators TaMIXTA1 and TaMIXTA2 positively regulate cuticular wax accumulation via activating and gene transcription.
Topics: Waxes; Triticum; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Plant Proteins; Transcription Factors; Plant Leaves; Chlorophyll; Trans-Activators; Plant Epidermis
PubMed: 38928263
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126557 -
Genes Jun 2024The (CMV) presents a significant threat to pepper cultivation worldwide, leading to substantial yield losses. We conducted a transcriptional comparative study between... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
The (CMV) presents a significant threat to pepper cultivation worldwide, leading to substantial yield losses. We conducted a transcriptional comparative study between CMV-resistant (PBC688) and -susceptible (G29) pepper accessions to understand the mechanisms of CMV resistance. PBC688 effectively suppressed CMV proliferation and spread, while G29 exhibited higher viral accumulation. A transcriptome analysis revealed substantial differences in gene expressions between the two genotypes, particularly in pathways related to plant-pathogen interactions, MAP kinase, ribosomes, and photosynthesis. In G29, the resistance to CMV involved key genes associated with calcium-binding proteins, pathogenesis-related proteins, and disease resistance. However, in PBC688, the crucial genes contributing to CMV resistance were ribosomal and chlorophyll a-b binding proteins. Hormone signal transduction pathways, such as ethylene (ET) and abscisic acid (ABA), displayed distinct expression patterns, suggesting that CMV resistance in peppers is associated with ET and ABA. These findings deepen our understanding of CMV resistance in peppers, facilitating future research and variety improvement.
Topics: Cucumovirus; Disease Resistance; Plant Diseases; Capsicum; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Abscisic Acid; Ethylenes; Transcriptome; Plant Proteins; Gene Expression Profiling; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Plant Growth Regulators
PubMed: 38927667
DOI: 10.3390/genes15060731 -
Genes May 2024In early spring 2018, significant mosaic disease symptoms were observed for the first time on barley leaves ( L., cv. New Sachiho Golden) in Takanezawa, Tochigi...
In early spring 2018, significant mosaic disease symptoms were observed for the first time on barley leaves ( L., cv. New Sachiho Golden) in Takanezawa, Tochigi Prefecture, Japan. This cultivar carries the resistance gene (rym; resistance to yellow mosaic). Through RNA-seq analysis, (BaYMV-Takanezawa) was identified in the roots of all five plants (T01-T05) in the field. Phylogenetic analysis of RNA1, encompassing known BaYMV pathotypes I through V, revealed that it shares the same origin as isolate pathotype IV (BaYMV-Ohtawara pathotype). However, RNA2 analysis of isolates revealed the simultaneous presence of two distinct BaYMV isolates, BaYMV-Takanezawa-T01 (DRR552862, closely related to pathotype IV) and BaYMV-Takanezawa-T02 (DRR552863, closely related to pathotype III). The amino acid sequences of the BaYMV-Takanezawa isolates displayed variations, particularly in the VPg and N-terminal region of CP, containing mutations not found in other domains of the virus genome. Changes in the CI (RNA1 amino acid residue 459) and CP (RNA1 amino acid residue 2138) proteins correlated with pathogenicity. These findings underscore the importance of monitoring and understanding the genetic diversity of BaYMV for effective disease management strategies in crop breeding.
Topics: Hordeum; Plant Diseases; Japan; Disease Resistance; Phylogeny; RNA, Viral; Potyviridae
PubMed: 38927633
DOI: 10.3390/genes15060697