-
Cureus Jan 2024Solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma (SEP) is a collection of plasma cells in soft tissue tumors characterized by monoclonal plasma cells without systemic symptoms or...
Solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma (SEP) is a collection of plasma cells in soft tissue tumors characterized by monoclonal plasma cells without systemic symptoms or evidence of bone disease. We present a case of SEP in a 49-year-old African American patient who presented with a slowly enlarging eyelid mass and underwent an excisional biopsy with ophthalmology before the diagnosis was confirmed by pathology in the absence of systemic symptoms or bone disease. Our review found only six confirmed cases of SEP of the eyelid described in the literature. In such cases, treatment is typically surgical excision or radiotherapy. Our patient was treated with radiation after the excision was incomplete. This case report adds another rare case of SEP of the eyelid to the literature.
PubMed: 38384603
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.52718 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2024Data on genomic susceptibility for adverse outcomes after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) for recipients are scarce.
INTRODUCTION
Data on genomic susceptibility for adverse outcomes after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) for recipients are scarce.
METHODS
We performed a genome wide association study (GWAS) to identify genes associated with survival/mortality, relapse, and severe graft-versus-host disease (sGvHD), fitting proportional hazard and subdistributional models to data of n=1,392 recipients of European ancestry from three centres.
RESULTS
The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs17154454, intronic to the neuronal growth guidant semaphorin 3C gene (, was genome-wide significantly associated with event-free survival (p=7.0x10) and sGvHD (p=7.5x10). Further associations were detected for SNPs in the Paxillin gene ( death without prior relapse or sGvHD, as well as for SNPs of the Plasmacytoma Variant Translocation 1 gene , a long non-coding RNA gene, the Melanocortin 5 Receptor and the WW Domain Containing Oxidoreductase gene (, all associated with the occurrence of sGvHD. Functional considerations support the observed associations.
DISCUSSION
Thus, new genes were identified, potentially influencing the outcome of HSCT.
Topics: Humans; Genome-Wide Association Study; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; Graft vs Host Disease; Genomics; Recurrence
PubMed: 38384455
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1280876 -
Case Reports in Oncology 2024Multiple myeloma (MM) is a clonal neoplasm of plasma cells that may manifest as an extramedullary disease in rare cases.
INTRODUCTION
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a clonal neoplasm of plasma cells that may manifest as an extramedullary disease in rare cases.
CASE REPORT
In this case report, we present the rare occurrence of testicular relapse in a 39-year-old patient with IgA MM after 3 years of remission. We discuss the clinical course and management of this unusual presentation and provide a comprehensive literature review of testicular involvement by MM.
CONCLUSION
Despite advances in MM treatment, relapse remains common, highlighting the importance of careful follow-up and timely detection of disease recurrence at atypical sites. This case highlights the need for further research to standardize the diagnosis and treatment of testicular MM.
PubMed: 38371169
DOI: 10.1159/000536512 -
Cureus Jan 2024Solitary plasmacytoma (SPC) is a rare type of plasma cell dyscrasia characterized by the proliferation of neoplastic monoclonal plasma cells. It can involve bone or soft...
Solitary plasmacytoma (SPC) is a rare type of plasma cell dyscrasia characterized by the proliferation of neoplastic monoclonal plasma cells. It can involve bone or soft tissue without signs of systemic disease. The solitary bone plasmacytoma typically involves the axial skeleton, most commonly the vertebrae. This article presents a 58-year-old male with a history of Parkinson's disease, hypertension, and cervical spine degenerative joint disease. He arrived at the emergency department with severe thoracic and lumbar back pain, accompanied by numbness and weakness in both legs, which worsened with movement and deep breathing. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings revealed a sizable mass in the T11 vertebra, leading to thoracic spinal cord compression. Treatment included high-dose dexamethasone, and surgical intervention was undertaken. Subsequent pathology confirmed plasma cell dyscrasia. Radiotherapy and chemotherapy (lenalidomide and dexamethasone) were administered, resulting in no recurrence or new masses after two years. Solitary plasmacytoma is a rare disease with limited clinical trials due to the inability to accrue larger cohorts. Prompt diagnosis and staging of plasmacytomas, involving robust histopathological and radiographic methods, are needed to prevent further complications and possible progression to multiple myeloma. Radiation therapy is the primary treatment, with some studies showing the benefits of lenalidomide and dexamethasone. Further studies are needed to improve treatment options for these patients. This case report adds to the current literature the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to the treatment of SPC.
PubMed: 38371138
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.52460 -
International Journal of Surgery Case... Mar 2024Solitary ovarian plasmacytoma is a rare form of extramedullary plasmacytic tumor that develops outside the bone marrow.
INTRODUCTION
Solitary ovarian plasmacytoma is a rare form of extramedullary plasmacytic tumor that develops outside the bone marrow.
PRESENTATION OF CASE
We report the case of a 52-year-old female patient who consulted for pelvic pain and abdominal distension. Clinical examination revealed an abdominopelvic mass and a pelvic MRI confirmed a right ovarian mass. The diagnosis of ovarian plasmacytoma was made after exploratory laparotomy.
DISCUSSION
Extramedullary plasmacytoma (EMP) is rare and most often found in the upper aerodigestive tract, ovarian localization is exceptional. Histological and immunohistochemical features of EMP highlights similarities with multiple myeloma. EMP treatment options are discussed, including radiotherapy, surgery, and chemotherapy. The prognosis of EMP depends on several factors, including tumor size and timing of treatment.
CONCLUSION
Solitary ovarian plasmacytoma is a rare but important entity to consider in the diagnosis of abdominopelvic masses. Appropriate treatment, such as surgery combined with radiotherapy, can be effective, although regular monitoring is necessary due to the risk of relapse and transformation into multiple myeloma.
PubMed: 38364751
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2023.109096 -
Oncology Letters Mar 2024Primary haematological neoplasms of the larynx are uncommon; therefore, information regarding their epidemiology is limited and the diagnosis of histological types...
Primary haematological neoplasms of the larynx are uncommon; therefore, information regarding their epidemiology is limited and the diagnosis of histological types requires careful consideration. The current study describes the case of a 72-year-old male patient with primary laryngeal lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (LPL) that was difficult to distinguish from plasmacytoma. Imaging examinations of the neck revealed a mass in the right laryngeal folds, 25×12×25 mm in size, which was surgically resected by direct laryngoscopy. Histopathologically, the mass showed diffuse proliferation of plasma cells with CD138 (+) and IgG (+) in the submucosal stroma. Flow cytometry revealed the tumour was positive for CD19 and negative for CD56. Based on these findings, the final diagnosis was confirmed as LPL, albeit similar to plasmacytoma regarding phenotypic features. There was no evidence of local or systemic recurrence following surgery, and the patient has been followed up without additional treatment. This case highlights the unique presentation of laryngeal lymphoma mimicking solitary plasmacytoma. The key factor in the diagnosis was the expression pattern of surface antigen markers.
PubMed: 38362232
DOI: 10.3892/ol.2024.14265 -
Indian Journal of Pathology &... 2024Plasmacytoid urothelial carcinoma (PUC) is a newly recognized rare variant of urothelial carcinoma, which is now being increasingly diagnosed prospectively as well as by...
Plasmacytoid urothelial carcinoma (PUC) is a newly recognized rare variant of urothelial carcinoma, which is now being increasingly diagnosed prospectively as well as by retrospective analysis of cases with a poor prognosis. Morphologically, these tumors simulate plasma cell neoplasms and pose a diagnostic challenge. Identifying this variant is essential in two aspects: therapy and prognosis. Here, we present a case who underwent multiple transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) procedures, each with a diagnosis of urothelial carcinoma, the plasmacytoid type which was confirmed on radical cystectomy, and after 1 year, the patient presented with duodenal metastasis. We discuss the morphological aspects of differentiating this tumor from variants of urothelial carcinoma and other tumors with a plasmacytoid appearance. Despite the recognition and aggressive treatment, the patient expires within 2 years of the first diagnosis of bladder carcinoma.
Topics: Humans; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell; Retrospective Studies; Urinary Bladder; Plasmacytoma; Cystectomy
PubMed: 38358215
DOI: 10.4103/ijpm.ijpm_840_21 -
Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences Feb 2024The aggregation of clonal plasma cells causes plasma cell neoplasms, which vary in severity and clinical outcomes. The present research focused on the epidemiological,...
Cytogenetic, Clinical, Hematologic, Demographic, Immunohistochemical, and Flow Cytometry Characteristics of Patients with Plasma Cell Neoplasm in Five Years: A First Report from Iran.
BACKGROUND
The aggregation of clonal plasma cells causes plasma cell neoplasms, which vary in severity and clinical outcomes. The present research focused on the epidemiological, clinical, immunologic, and cytogenetic characteristics of plasma cell neoplasms.
METHODS
In this five-year retrospective cross-sectional study, demographic information such as age and sex, calcium elevation, renal insufficiency, anemia, and bone lesion (CRAB) characteristics, as well as laboratory data including bone marrow and peripheral blood film results, immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, and cytogenetic study outcomes were collected at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS Statistics software (version 20.0). Descriptive statistics were reported as numbers, percentages, and mean±SD.
RESULTS
417 newly diagnosed plasma cell neoplasm patients were confirmed by bone marrow or other tissue biopsy tests. 279 patients were men (66.9%). The most prevalent age group was 60-64 years old (18.46%). Plasma cell myeloma (PCM) affected 355 (85.13%) patients, while monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) affected 6 (1.43%) patients. Solitary plasmacytoma was seen in 56 (13.42%) patients. At the time of diagnosis, 119 (33.52%) of 355 PCM patients were asymptomatic, whereas 236 (66.47%) patients had at least one CRAB symptom, 55 (15.49%) had two or more, and 14 (3.94%) had three or more. There were 7 (1.97%) cases of amyloidosis. Cytogenetic abnormalities were found in 51.28% (40/78) of the patients. Twenty-one individuals (52.5%) were hyperdiploid with multiple trisomy, while 19 (47.50%) were not.
CONCLUSION
When diagnosed, Iranian PCM patients might have more advanced disease. PCM was more prevalent in young adults, and hyperdiploid was the most common cytogenetic finding in this investigation.
Topics: Male; Young Adult; Humans; Middle Aged; Female; Multiple Myeloma; Iran; Flow Cytometry; Retrospective Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; Neoplasms, Plasma Cell; Plasmacytoma; Aneuploidy; Cytogenetic Analysis; Demography
PubMed: 38356489
DOI: 10.30476/IJMS.2023.96892.2855 -
The Journal of Veterinary Medical... Apr 2024A mixed-breed, 8-year-old male dog developed neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and hyperglobulinemia. Bone marrow hyperplasia and splenic plasmacytosis were cytologically...
A mixed-breed, 8-year-old male dog developed neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and hyperglobulinemia. Bone marrow hyperplasia and splenic plasmacytosis were cytologically observed. The dog had never been outside of Tokyo or Shizuoka Prefecture. Splenectomy was performed to confirm and remove the cause of splenic plasmacytosis. A histopathological diagnosis of splenic plasmacytoma was made; however, serum protein electrophoresis showed polyclonal gammopathy. Further screening was performed, and Ehrlichia canis infection was confirmed. The dog was treated with doxycycline for 5 weeks. After the antibiotic therapy, no relapse of neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, hyperglobulinemia, or positive polymerase chain reaction result of E. canis infection was observed for 3 years. Careful attention should be given to ehrlichiosis when exploring the cause of pancytopenia or hyperglobulinemia, regardless of the travel history.
Topics: Male; Dogs; Animals; Ehrlichia canis; Japan; Ehrlichiosis; Thrombocytopenia; Neutropenia; Dog Diseases; Ehrlichia
PubMed: 38355119
DOI: 10.1292/jvms.23-0486 -
Surgical Neurology International 2024Solitary plasmacytoma of the calvarium (SPC), without evidence of multiple myeloma (MM), is extremely rare. We report a case of a long-standing large SPC that was...
BACKGROUND
Solitary plasmacytoma of the calvarium (SPC), without evidence of multiple myeloma (MM), is extremely rare. We report a case of a long-standing large SPC that was treated successfully by surgical excision and adjuvant radiotherapy with a long follow-up period.
CASE DESCRIPTION
A 58-year-old male patient presented with a 5-year history of painless skull swelling. On the physical examination, the mass was 6 × 6 cm in size, oval, not tender, and firm in consistency with normal skin color. A brain computed tomography scan showed a destructive skull lesion. A brain magnetic reasoning imaging (MRI) showed a large expansile lytic mass lesion arising from the skull vault in the frontal-parietal region with multiple internal septa. The patient underwent a craniectomy and excision of the lesion, followed by cranioplasty using methyl methacrylate. The final diagnosis was consistent with plasmacytoma based on the histopathological features. One month follow-up brain MRI showed no evidence of residual tumor. The skeletal survey and bone marrow biopsy did not reveal any evidence of MM. The patient was referred to medical oncology for further treatment and received radiation therapy. During nine years of clinical and radiological follow-up, there was no evidence of any metastasis or recurrence.
CONCLUSION
SPC is a rare disease with high rates of misdiagnosis. Careful evaluations are crucial to exclude systemic involvement. Surgical resection followed by radiotherapy may be adequate for the disease control. Close follow-up with regular lifelong examinations is important to avoid a generalized incurable disease.
PubMed: 38344097
DOI: 10.25259/SNI_817_2023