-
Surgical Neurology International 2024The effectiveness of autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) in preventing the development of central nervous system (CNS) plasmacytomas in multiple myeloma (MM)...
BACKGROUND
The effectiveness of autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) in preventing the development of central nervous system (CNS) plasmacytomas in multiple myeloma (MM) patients is not well understood. An ASCT patient who developed CNS extramedullary (EM) lesions is presented. The literature was reviewed for similar cases in which the transplant did not prevent the development of CNS lesions.
CASE DESCRIPTION
A 42-year-old female was evaluated after complaining of a sudden severe headache and complete vision loss. Two years before, she was diagnosed with MM and treated with systemic chemotherapy and an ASCT. The patient was in remission; however, a new brain magnetic resonance imaging showed a sellar and suprasellar mass. Additional smaller lesions were identified at the parietal convexity and the splenium. Due to the history of MM and evidence of multiple intracranial lesions, it was suspected that the lesions were secondary to EM disseminated disease. Due to the sudden loss of vision, the patient underwent a right frontotemporal craniotomy with subtotal sellar/suprasellar tumor resection to decompress the optic nerves. Histopathological examination of the lesion confirmed an immunoglobulin A (IgA) EM sellar and suprasellar plasmacytoma.
CONCLUSION
In the majority of MM patients with CNS involvement, ASCT did not prevent the development of EM sellar plasmacytomas. The IgA subtype is associated with more aggressive disease biology for CNS relapses.
PubMed: 38344096
DOI: 10.25259/SNI_964_2023 -
Health Science Reports Feb 2024MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are well-known types of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), which have been known as the key regulators of gene expression....
Analyzing the expression pattern of the noncoding RNAs (HOTAIR, PVT-1, XIST, H19, and miRNA-34a) in PBMC samples of patients with COVID-19, according to the disease severity in Iran during 2022-2023: A cross-sectional study.
BACKGROUND AND AIMS
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are well-known types of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), which have been known as the key regulators of gene expression. They can play critical roles in viral infection by regulating the host immune response and interacting with genes in the viral genome. In this regard, ncRNAs can be employed as biomarkers for viral diseases. The current study aimed to evaluate peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) ncRNAs (lncRNAs-homeobox C antisense intergenic RNA [HOTAIR], -H19, X-inactive-specific transcript [XIST], plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 [PVT-1], and miR-34a) as diagnostic biomarkers to differentiate severe COVID-19 cases from mild ones.
METHODS
Candidate ncRNAs were selected according to previous studies and assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction in the PBMC samples of patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ( = 40), healthy subjects ( = 40), and mild COVID-19 cases ( = 40). Furthermore, the diagnostic value of the selected ncRNAs was assessed by analyzing the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC).
RESULTS
The results demonstrated that the expression pattern of the selected ncRNAs was significantly different between the studied groups. The levels of HOTAIR, XIST, and miR-34a were remarkably overexpressed in the severe COVID-19 group in comparison with the mild COVID-19 group, and in return, the PVT-1 levels were lower than in the mild COVID-19 group. Interestingly, the XIST expression level in men with severe COVID-19 was higher compared to women with mild COVID-19. ROC results suggested that HOTAIR and PVT-1 could serve as useful biomarkers for screening mild COVID-19 from severe COVID-19.
CONCLUSIONS
Overall, different expression patterns of the selected ncRNAs and ROC curve results revealed that these factors can contribute to COVID-19 pathogenicity and can be considered diagnostic markers of COVID-19 severe outcomes.
PubMed: 38332929
DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1861 -
Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical... Feb 2024Extramedullary plasmacytoma (EMP) is a rare plasma cell malignancy, especially when the tumor originates in skeletal muscle. Plasmablastic plasmacytoma is an anaplastic... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Extramedullary plasmacytoma (EMP) is a rare plasma cell malignancy, especially when the tumor originates in skeletal muscle. Plasmablastic plasmacytoma is an anaplastic round cell tumor with highly malignancy and poor prognosis. To date, there have been no reports on the transformation of skeletal muscle EMP into plasmablastic plasmacytoma. Therefore, the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of cases of this pathologic transformation are unclear.
CASE PRESENTATION
This article reports a case of an elderly male patient who presented with a painless mass in the right calf and was diagnosed with EMP by puncture pathology. Complete remission was obtained after sequential chemoradiotherapy. 6 months later, another puncture was performed due to plasmablastic plasmacytoma multiple distant metastases, and the pathology showed that EMP was transformed to plasmablastic plasmacytoma. Despite aggressive antitumor therapy, the disease continued to deteriorate, and the patient ultimately died of respiratory failure.
CONCLUSION
The transformation of EMP into plasmablastic plasmacytoma is very rare, and its diagnosis and treatment require the participation of both experienced pathologists and clinicians. We report this case in order to raise clinicians' awareness of the diagnosis and treatment of EMP and its transformation to plasmablastic plasmacytoma, and to avoid misdiagnosis and underdiagnosis.
Topics: Aged; Male; Humans; Plasmacytoma; Chemoradiotherapy; Death; Muscle, Skeletal; Pathologic Complete Response
PubMed: 38300308
DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05604-2 -
CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics Jan 2024This study aimed to investigate the role of plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 (PVT1), a long non-coding RNA, in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and its impact on the...
AIMS
This study aimed to investigate the role of plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 (PVT1), a long non-coding RNA, in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and its impact on the tumor microenvironment (TME).
METHODS
We assessed aberrant PVT1 expression in glioma tissues and its impact on GBM cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, we investigated PVT1's role in influencing glioma-associated macrophages. To understand PVT1's role in cell growth and the immunosuppressive TME, we performed a series of comprehensive experiments.
RESULTS
PVT1 was overexpressed in GBM due to copy number amplification, correlating with poor prognosis. Elevated PVT1 promoted GBM cell proliferation, while its downregulation inhibited growth in vitro and in vivo. PVT1 inhibited type I interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), with STAT1 as the central hub. PVT1 correlated with macrophage enrichment and regulated CX3CL1 expression, promoting recruitment and M2 phenotype polarization of macrophages. PVT1 localized to the cell nucleus and bound to DHX9, enriching at the promoter regions of STAT1 and CX3CL1, modulating ISGs and CX3CL1 expression.
CONCLUSION
PVT1 plays a significant role in GBM, correlating with poor prognosis, promoting cell growth, and shaping an immunosuppressive TME via STAT1 and CX3CL1 regulation. Targeting PVT1 may hold therapeutic promise for GBM patients.
Topics: Humans; Glioblastoma; Cell Line, Tumor; Glioma; Macrophages; Cell Proliferation; RNA, Long Noncoding; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; MicroRNAs; Tumor Microenvironment; STAT1 Transcription Factor; Chemokine CX3CL1
PubMed: 38287522
DOI: 10.1111/cns.14566 -
International Journal of Surgery Case... Feb 2024Solitary bone plasmacytoma (SBP) is an early-stage plasma cell malignancy. It is an extremely rare condition and its diagnosis may not be straightforward. This report...
INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE
Solitary bone plasmacytoma (SBP) is an early-stage plasma cell malignancy. It is an extremely rare condition and its diagnosis may not be straightforward. This report presents a case of maxillary SBP.
CASE PRESENTATION
A 48-year old man sought care for persistent swelling and pain in the periapical region of the left maxillary molars. He had been diagnosed with "apical periodontitis" and root canal treatment of teeth #26 and #27 was ineffective. Extra-oral examination revealed swelling at the left maxilla. Intraoral examination revealed a hard, non-fluctuant swollen region in the buccal alveolar mucosa adjacent to the apices of teeth #25-27. Cone-beam computed tomography revealed extensive bone destruction in the left maxilla. The patient underwent partial maxillary resection and radical maxillary sinusotomy. Further testing (positron emission CT scan, histopathological and immunohistochemical examination) confirmed the diagnosis of SBP. The patient had a recurrence two years later, which was managed with left subtotal maxillectomy and radiotherapy. There was no evidence of recurrence during 20 months of follow-up.
DISCUSSION
SBP may mimic an odontogenic lesion when found in the jaw bone. To confirm the diagnosis, routine blood test, complete body skeletal survey, metastatic investigations and histopathology should be performed. Radiotherapy is the primary treatment.
CONCLUSION
SBP may occur in the maxilla mimicking an odontogenic lesion. Surgery may be part of the diagnostic procedure and an adjunct to definitive radiation. Radiotherapy is the primary treatment.
PubMed: 38280344
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2024.109276 -
Discover Nano Jan 2024The near-infrared (NIR) range of the electromagnetic (EM) spectrum offers a nearly transparent window for imaging tissue. Despite the significant potential of NIR...
The near-infrared (NIR) range of the electromagnetic (EM) spectrum offers a nearly transparent window for imaging tissue. Despite the significant potential of NIR fluorescence-based imaging, its establishment in basic research and clinical applications remains limited due to the scarcity of fluorescent molecules with absorption and emission properties in the NIR region, especially those suitable for biological applications. In this study, we present a novel approach by combining the widely used IRdye 800NHS fluorophore with gold nanospheres (GNSs) and gold nanorods (GNRs) to create Au nanodyes, with improved quantum yield (QY) and distinct lifetimes. These nanodyes exhibit varying photophysical properties due to the differences in the separation distance between the dye and the gold nanoparticles (GNP). Leveraging a rapid and highly sensitive wide-field fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLI) macroscopic set up, along with phasor based analysis, we introduce multiplexing capabilities for the Au nanodyes. Our approach showcases the ability to differentiate between NIR dyes with very similar, short lifetimes within a single image, using the combination of Au nanodyes and wide-field FLI. Furthermore, we demonstrate the uptake of Au nanodyes by mineral-oil induced plasmacytomas (MOPC315.bm) cells, indicating their potential for in vitro and in vivo applications.
PubMed: 38270794
DOI: 10.1186/s11671-024-03958-1 -
Hematology Reports Jan 2024Plasmacytoma is a neoplastic disorder originating from plasma cells, with bone and soft tissue being common sites of manifestation. This report presents the clinical and...
Plasmacytoma is a neoplastic disorder originating from plasma cells, with bone and soft tissue being common sites of manifestation. This report presents the clinical and radiological findings of a 65-year-old female patient who presented with an exophytic lesion in the upper right lateral incisor region. The lesion appeared as a unilocular radiotransparent area in imaging tests. Following an excisional biopsy, histological and immunohistochemical evaluations confirmed the presence of mature plasmacellular elements and small infiltrates of B and T lymphocytes. The patient did not exhibit systemic manifestations of multiple myeloma. Surgical intervention, in the form of enucleation of the lesion combined with root canal treatment and apicoectomy, was performed. This case underscores the rare occurrence of plasmacytoma in the jaw region and highlights the importance of surgical management in cases where structural damage or functional impairment is present. Further research on novel treatment approaches is also mentioned, including targeted therapies, immunomodulatory agents, and monoclonal antibodies. The patient is currently under the care of a hematologist for further investigation and the choice of the most appropriate therapy.
PubMed: 38247993
DOI: 10.3390/hematolrep16010003 -
Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational... 2024Necrotizing fasciitis is a rare, severe, rapidly progressing disease with a high mortality rate. We report a case of a 72-year female with erythematous pemphigus who...
Necrotizing fasciitis is a rare, severe, rapidly progressing disease with a high mortality rate. We report a case of a 72-year female with erythematous pemphigus who developed erythema, swelling and ulceration on right vulva, groin, and thigh. The early clinical manifestations of the patient were nonspecific and easily misdiagnosed as cellulitis. However, upon the occurrence of ulceration and necrosis, deep fungal infection, pyoderma gangrenosum or lymphoproliferative disorders were considered. The pathology suggested IgG4-related diseases, plasmacytoma et al. But at last, surgical exploration and postoperative pathology confirmed the diagnosis of necrotizing fasciitis. The patient recovered after multiple aggressive surgical debridement procedures and antibiotic therapy and the patient has been followed up for 2 years without recurrence. Clinicians should be vigilant about the possibility of necrotizing fasciitis in patients with erythema, pain, rapid ulceration of skin and soft tissue, particularly in immunocompromised individuals with long-term use of immunosuppressive agents. It is crucial for saving life by early multi-disciplinary consultation, prompt diagnosis, and aggressive treatment.
PubMed: 38234694
DOI: 10.2147/CCID.S443374 -
Cureus Dec 2023This case report details the case of a 57-year-old male who initially manifested low back pain radiating from the lumbar region to the left leg. Progressive symptoms...
This case report details the case of a 57-year-old male who initially manifested low back pain radiating from the lumbar region to the left leg. Progressive symptoms included paresthesia on the plantar surfaces of both feet and gait instability attributed to weakness in the pelvic limbs. Computed tomography imaging revealed osteolytic lesions in the T9, T10, and T11 vertebral bodies, resulting in compression of the spinal cord. Subsequent contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging validated these findings, confirming the presence of an extradural tumor. In accordance with the Spinal Instability Neoplastic Score (SINS), the case was categorized as indicative of potential spinal instability. Consequently, a surgical intervention was performed to excise the lesion. Thus, the role of SINS played a pivotal role in guiding the decision-making process for the chosen treatment modality.
PubMed: 38226126
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.50627 -
Cancers Dec 2023The objective was to review a decade of plasmacytoma (PC) and multiple myeloma (MM) data from French Guiana, and to study its spatial and temporal trends.
BACKGROUND
The objective was to review a decade of plasmacytoma (PC) and multiple myeloma (MM) data from French Guiana, and to study its spatial and temporal trends.
METHODS
This was a retrospective study of MM and PC between January 2005 and December 2014 using cancer registry data, including age-standardized incidence and mortality rates.
RESULTS
There were 110 cases of PC and MM (62 women and 48 men), representing the eighth most frequent malignancy in French Guiana. PC and MM were much more common in females. In men, 79% of cases occurred at ≥55 years, and in women, 90% of cases occurred at ≥50 years. The median age at diagnosis was 60 years for men and 66 years for women, while it was 72 years for men and 75 years for women in mainland France. The incidence rate standardized to the world population was 5.9 patients of PC and MM per 100,000 men/year and 7.8 per 100,000 women/year.
CONCLUSIONS
In our territory, the incidence of PC and MM was higher and patients were diagnosed at a substantially younger age than in mainland France. Women had a greater incidence than men, and there was an increasing temporal trend of incidence among women. African ancestry and the frequency of obesity, notably among women, could have contributed to this observation.
PubMed: 38201605
DOI: 10.3390/cancers16010178