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Clinical Case Reports Nov 2023Extramedullary plasmacytomas (EMP) can present as airway lesions causing central airway obstruction. Though typically solitary, EMPs should be considered in the...
Extramedullary plasmacytomas (EMP) can present as airway lesions causing central airway obstruction. Though typically solitary, EMPs should be considered in the evaluation of multifocal tracheobronchial tumors. Bronchoscopic tumor debulking and radiation therapy can be used for symptomatic relief.
PubMed: 37953894
DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.7962 -
Radiology Case Reports Jan 2024Solitary plasmacytoma is a rare malignant tumor, presenting less than 5% of all plasma cell proliferation. Bone forms are the most frequent, affecting particularly the...
Solitary plasmacytoma is a rare malignant tumor, presenting less than 5% of all plasma cell proliferation. Bone forms are the most frequent, affecting particularly the axial bone skeleton, mandibular localization is extremely rare. Diagnosis is based on the presence of a localized plasma cell tumor without signs of a disseminated form. We report a case of 65 years old female patient with solitary bone plasmacytoma of mandible, who has undergone surgical treatment without adjuvant therapy, with a good clinical and radiological outcomes at 12 months follow-up.
PubMed: 37920692
DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2023.09.061 -
Solitary Plasmacytoma of the Spine in a Young Male and the Outcome of Inpatient Rehabilitation Stay.Cureus Sep 2023Solitary plasmacytoma (SP) can be classified into two groups: a solid mass of neoplastic monoclonal plasma cells in bone, also called a solitary bone plasmacytoma (SBP),...
Solitary plasmacytoma (SP) can be classified into two groups: a solid mass of neoplastic monoclonal plasma cells in bone, also called a solitary bone plasmacytoma (SBP), or less likely solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma (SEP) without any evidence of systemic disease of multiple myeloma. The diagnosis should be made by biopsy confirmation, revealing monoclonal plasma cell infiltration from the mass. The SBP usually affects the axial skeleton. Males have a higher incidence than females, as the ratio is 2/1, and the average age is 55. SP incidence usually increases with age. SBP has a significantly higher risk for progression to myeloma, usually within two years, and radiotherapy (RT) is the treatment of choice. Patients with acute declining neurologic dysfunction require urgent surgery before radiation therapy. We report a middle-aged man who presented with bilateral lower extremity weakness. Thoracic MRI with and without contrast revealed a large soft tissue and osseous mass centered at the T8 vertebral body with a large paravertebral extension, causing spinal cord compression at the T8-T9 level. The patient's clinical presentation, assessment, and rehabilitation management are discussed. Patients with this diagnosis are not properly diagnosed for approximately six months.
PubMed: 37868411
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.45673 -
Genes and Environment : the Official... Oct 2023Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a serious health burden worldwide with high mortality. LncRNA plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 (PVT1) has been...
BACKGROUND
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a serious health burden worldwide with high mortality. LncRNA plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 (PVT1) has been illustrated to serve as a biomarker for COPD progression. Nonetheless, its specific functions and mechanisms in COPD are unclarified.
METHODS
Cigarette smoke extract (CSE) was utilized to stimulate 16HBE cells, and cigarette smoke combining with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was employed to induce COPD in rats. Western blotting and RT-qPCR were utilized for measuring protein and RNA levels. Flow cytometry was implemented for detecting cell apoptosis. Concentrations of inflammatory factors TNF-α and IFN-γ were examined using ELISA. Luciferase reporter assay was utilized for verifying the interaction between molecules. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was performed for histological analysis of rat lung tissues.
RESULTS
PVT1 was highly expressed in CSE-stimulated 16HBE cells and the lungs of COPD rats. PVT1 depletion restored the viability, restrained apoptosis and hindered inflammatory cytokine production in 16HBE cells under CSE treatment and alleviated pathological damages in COPD rats. PVT1 bound to miR-30b-5p and miR-30b-5p targeted BCL2 like 11 (BCL2L11). Overexpressing BCL2L11 offset the above effects mediated by PVT1 in CSE-triggered 16HBE cells.
CONCLUSION
PVT1 enhances apoptosis and inflammation of 16HBE cells under CSE stimulation by modulating miR-30b-5p/BCL2L11 axis.
PubMed: 37817266
DOI: 10.1186/s41021-023-00283-4 -
BMC Nephrology Oct 2023Castleman's disease (CD) is a rare disease that has clinical and pathological similarities to lymphoma and is characterized by a high frequency of associated...
BACKGROUND
Castleman's disease (CD) is a rare disease that has clinical and pathological similarities to lymphoma and is characterized by a high frequency of associated immunological dysfunction. ImmunoglobulinG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a collection of systemic disorders that affect numerous organs and are also referred to as IgG4-associated sclerosing diseases. CD and IgG4-RD are difficult to separate because they may manifest similar commin clinical features.
CASE PRESENTATION
This case describes a 53-year-old female who, during routine medical check-up, exhibited a progressive increase in serum globulin levels and a simultaneous worsening of anemia symptoms, raising concern for a clonal plasma cell disease such as myeloma. However, bone marrow punctures did not reveal any abnormal plasma cells. Also, serum and urine immunofixation electrophoresis demonstrated no abnormal monoclonal protein bands. In addition, several laboratory findings excluded chronic liver disease, chronic infections caused by bacteria or viruses. Later, we found elevated serum IgG4 levels (10,700 mg/L), and identified multiple enlarged lymph nodes throughout the patient's body. Axillary lymph node aspiration revealed no abnormal lymphocytes, ruling out the possibility of lymphoma. Pathological morphology of the axillary lymph revealed a large number of plasma cells in the lymphatic follicles. In addition, there was a reduction in lymphatic follicle size and apoptosis of the germinal centres. Immunohistochemistry revealed IgG4+/IgG + in > 40% of cells, and more than 100 IgG4 + cells per high powered field (HPF) of specimen. As of now, finding strongly suggested IgG4-RD. This patient was treated with glucocorticoids and various immunosuppressive drugs, such as prednisone, cyclosporine, methotrexate, cyclophosphamide, mycophenolate mofetil, azathioprine and hydroxychloroquine. Unfortunately, the patient did not recover. Ultimately, idiopathic multicentric Castleman disease (iMCD) was diagnosed in relation to the patient's clinical presentation and laboratory tests, and after combination chemotherapy (VCD: Bortezomib, Cyclophosphamide and Dexamethasone), durable remission was achieved without serious adverse effects. During the follow-up period of one year and ten months, the patient remained stable.
CONCLUSION
The diagnosis of Castleman must be distinguished from other disorders such as IgG4-RD, malignant lymphoma, reactive hyperplasia of various lymph nodes (mostly caused by viral infections), plasmacytoma, advanced HIV and rheumatic diseases. Besides observing systemic symptoms, laboratory tests such as immunoglobulin levels, complement levels, interleukin levels, and C-reactive protein levels should also be performed in order to determine a diagnosis.
Topics: Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Castleman Disease; Immunoglobulin G4-Related Disease; Bortezomib; Immunoglobulin G; Cyclophosphamide
PubMed: 37784011
DOI: 10.1186/s12882-023-03335-7 -
The American Journal of Case Reports Oct 2023BACKGROUND AL amyloidomas are solitary, localized, tumor-like deposits of immunoglobulin light-chain-derived amyloid fibrils in the absence of systemic amyloidosis. A... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND AL amyloidomas are solitary, localized, tumor-like deposits of immunoglobulin light-chain-derived amyloid fibrils in the absence of systemic amyloidosis. A rare entity, they have been described in various anatomical sites, typically in spatial association with a sparse lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate, ultimately corresponding to a clonal, malignant, lymphomatous disorder accounting for the amyloidogenic activity. Most frequently, the amyloidoma-associated hematological disorder corresponds to either a solitary plasmacytoma or an extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of MALT. Much rarer is the association with lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma, which by itself is usually a bone marrow-bound disorder with systemic burden. The almost anecdotic combination of an amyloidoma and a localized lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma deserves attention, as it entails a thorough diagnostic workup to exclude systemic involvement and a proportionate therapeutic approach to avoid overtreatment. A review of the literature provides an insight on pathogenesis and prognosis, and can assist both pathologists and clinicians in establishing optimal patient management strategies. CASE REPORT We herein report the incidental finding of a subcutaneous amyloidoma caused by a spatially related, similarly localized lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma diagnosed in a 54-year-old female patient with no other disease localizations and a complete remission following 2 subsequent surgical excisions. CONCLUSIONS Whatever the specific combination of an amyloidoma and the related hematological neoplasm, a multidisciplinary collaboration and a comprehensive clinical-pathological staging are warranted to exclude systemic involvement and identify patients with localized diseases who would benefit from local active treatment and close follow-up.
Topics: Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Amyloidosis; Amyloid; Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone; Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia; Plasmacytoma; Soft Tissue Neoplasms
PubMed: 37779307
DOI: 10.12659/AJCR.940789 -
Asian Journal of Surgery Dec 2023
Topics: Humans; Maxillary Sinus; Plasmacytoma; Toothache; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 37777401
DOI: 10.1016/j.asjsur.2023.09.075 -
Journal of Medical Case Reports Sep 2023Plasmacytoma, a localized tumor of monoclonal plasma cells without any clinical, radiological or physical evidence of plasma cell neoplasm (PCN), is a rare entity that...
INTRODUCTION
Plasmacytoma, a localized tumor of monoclonal plasma cells without any clinical, radiological or physical evidence of plasma cell neoplasm (PCN), is a rare entity that accounts for 1% of PCN. Immunoglobulin M (IgM) extramedullary plasmacytoma of mediastinal region has never been reported and is a diagnostic challenge considering other differential diagnoses.
CASE PRESENTATION
We present the case of a 51-year-old African-American female with progressively increasing cough, dyspnea, and dysphagia for 6 months with a computed tomography (CT) scan revealing a subcarinal mass. The histopathological analysis of the mass reveals a diagnosis of lymphoma with plasma cell differentiation, with a differential of lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma and plasma cell neoplasm. The lymphoma panel via next-generation sequencing (NGS) and a myeloma-targeted fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) panel confirmed the diagnosis of IgM extramedullary plasmacytoma, an entity of rare occurrence. Treatment with radiation led to complete regression of the plasmacytoma with normal blood work-up.
CONCLUSIONS
This report describes the challenges of diagnosing IgM extramedullary plasmactyoma. Our case report highlights the importance of cytogenetics and NGS in establishing a correct diagnosis that indeed has prognostic and therapeutic implications.
Topics: Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Plasmacytoma; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia; Immunoglobulin M; Cell Differentiation
PubMed: 37749639
DOI: 10.1186/s13256-023-04082-x -
PeerJ 2023Our study aims to investigate the long non-coding RNA plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 (lncRNA PVT1) in lower extremity arteriosclerosis obliterans (LEASO) patient...
OBJECTIVE
Our study aims to investigate the long non-coding RNA plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 (lncRNA PVT1) in lower extremity arteriosclerosis obliterans (LEASO) patient serum and its clinical significance in LEASO.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
From July 2021 to April 2022, 133 LEASO patients diagnosed at the Qingdao Municipal Hospital were included. Among them, 44 complicated with coronary artery disease (CAD) were classified as the LEASO with CAD group. The remaining 89 were marked as the LEASO group, which was classified into single ( = 48) and double ( = 41) lower limb groups, with the former being subclassified into the left ( = 28) and right ( = 20) lower limb groups based on the affected sites. Fifty healthy individuals who came to our hospital for physical examination during the same period were randomly included and defined as the Healthy Control group. PVT1 expression was detected in serum samples from each group using a quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction , and differences in expression levels were calculated. The ankle-brachial index (ABI) of patients in the LEASO group was measured using a sphygmomanometer, and its correlation with PVT1 was analyzed. Clinical data and laboratory test results (including blood routine, liver and renal function, and blood lipids) were collected for all patients upon admission. Logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the influence of PVT1 and laboratory test results on LEASO. The diagnosis and prediction of LEASO were obtained by combing PVT1 with laboratory test indicators.
RESULTS
It was found that lncRNA PVT1 expression was the highest in the serum of the LEASO with CAD group, followed by the LEASO and control groups ( < 0.05). Within the LEASO group, no significant difference in PVT1 expression was seen between the left and right limbs ( > 0.05), nor between the single and double lower limb groups. Furthermore, the PVT1 expression increased with the Rutherford grades, indicating a negative correlation between PVT1 and ABI. Logistic regression analysis revealed that triglycerides (OR = 2.972, 95% CI [1.159-7.618]), cholesterol (OR = 6.655, 95% CI [1.490-29.723]), C-reactive protein (OR = 1.686, 95% CI [1.218-2.335]), and PVT1 (OR = 2.885, 95% CI [1.350-6.167]) were independent risk factors for LEASO. Finally, strong sensitivity was observed in the receiver operating characteristic curve when combining PVT1 with meaningful laboratory indicators to diagnose and predict LEASO.
CONCLUSION
lncRNA PVT1 promotes LEASO occurrence and progression and is related to atherosclerosis severity. The expression of PVT1 was negatively correlated with ABI. Logistic regression analysis suggested that blood lipid levels and inflammatory reactions might be related to LEASO occurrence. PVT1 was incorporated into laboratory indicators to predict LEASO. The subject's working curve area was large, and the prediction results were highly sensitive.
Topics: Humans; Arteriosclerosis Obliterans; RNA, Long Noncoding; Clinical Relevance; Lower Extremity; Atherosclerosis; Coronary Artery Disease
PubMed: 37744231
DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16057 -
International Journal of Surgery Case... Oct 2023Solitary spinal plasmacytoma (SSP) is an uncommon neoplasm originating from bone marrow plasma cells. Although infrequent in the thoracic region, it has the potential to...
INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE
Solitary spinal plasmacytoma (SSP) is an uncommon neoplasm originating from bone marrow plasma cells. Although infrequent in the thoracic region, it has the potential to induce substantial damage. In this study, we present the case of a patient with thoracic spine SSP treated through surgical intervention.
CASE PRESENTATION
We report the case of a 38-year-old female who presented with progressive mid-back pain, numbness, weakness in both lower limbs and gait disturbance. Imaging showed an osteolytic lesion with vertebral collapse of T11. MRI was strongly suggestive of solitary plasmocytoma. Hematologic tests were normal. Surgery was carried out. At the first stage, a posterior approach with laminectomy and fixation were performed. Biopsy of tumor cells confirmed the diagnosis of SSP. At the second stage, a trans-thoracic approach was performed, the tumor was resected in a single block and anterior interbody fusion was done. After the surgery the patient fully recovered from the paraparesis and at two years follow up no recurrence of tumor cells was detected.
CLINICAL DISCUSSION
Spinal malignant bone tumors are rare, with solitary plasmacytoma being the most common. Diagnosis of SSP is based on bone biopsy findings. MRI and CT scans assess tumor extent and spinal stability. Prognosis relates to the likelihood of progressing into multiple myeloma. Though radiotherapy is common, surgery offers local control, especially for instability and neurological issues.
CONCLUSION
SSP in the thoracic spine is a rare condition that requires a multidisciplinary approach and a prompt treatment.
PubMed: 37738828
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2023.108799