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Archives of Oral Biology Aug 2024The red-complex bacteria Porphyromonas gingivalis and Tannerella forsythia together with Fusobacterium nucleatum are essential players in periodontitis. This study...
OBJECTIVE
The red-complex bacteria Porphyromonas gingivalis and Tannerella forsythia together with Fusobacterium nucleatum are essential players in periodontitis. This study investigated the bacterial interplay with human periodontal ligament mesenchymal stromal cells (hPDL-MSCs) which act in the acute phase of periodontal infection.
DESIGN
The capability of the bacteria to induce an inflammatory response as well as their viability, cellular adhesion and invasion were analyzed upon mono- and co-infections of hPDL-MSCs to delineate potential synergistic or antagonistic effects. The expression level and concentration of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8 and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 were measured using qRT-PCR and ELISA. Viability, invasion, and adhesion were determined quantitatively using agar plate culture and qualitatively by confocal microscopy.
RESULTS
Viability of P. gingivalis and T. forsythia but not F. nucleatum was preserved in the presence of hPDL-MSCs, even in an oxygenated environment. F. nucleatum significantly increased the expression and concentration of IL-6, IL-8 and MCP-1 in hPDL-MSCs, while T. forsythia and P. gingivalis caused only a minimal inflammatory response. Co-infections in different combinations had no effect on the inflammatory response. Moreover, P. gingivalis mitigated the increase in cytokine levels elicited by F. nucleatum. Both red-complex bacteria adhered to and invaded hPDL-MSCs in greater numbers than F. nucleatum, with only a minor effect of co-infections.
CONCLUSIONS
Oral bacteria of different pathogenicity status interact differently with hPDL-MSCs. The data support P. gingivalis' capability to manipulate the inflammatory host response. Further research is necessary to obtain a comprehensive picture of the role of hPDL-MSCs in more complex oral biofilms.
Topics: Humans; Fusobacterium nucleatum; Periodontal Ligament; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Chemokine CCL2; Interleukin-8; Tannerella forsythia; Interleukin-6; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Periodontitis; Bacterial Adhesion; Microscopy, Confocal; Cells, Cultured; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; Cell Adhesion; Coinfection
PubMed: 38776586
DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2024.106004 -
Journal of Applied Oral Science :... 2024Conventional views associate microbial biofilm with demineralization in root caries (RC) onset, while research on their collagenases role in the breakdown of collagen... (Review)
Review
Conventional views associate microbial biofilm with demineralization in root caries (RC) onset, while research on their collagenases role in the breakdown of collagen matrix has been sporadically developed, primarily in vitro. Recent discoveries, however, reveal proteolytic bacteria enrichment, specially Porphyromonas and other periodontitis-associated bacteria in subgingivally extended lesions, suggesting a potential role in RC by the catabolism of dentin organic matrix. Moreover, genes encoding proteases and bacterial collagenases, including the U32 family collagenases, were found to be overexpressed in both coronal and root dentinal caries. Despite these advancements, to prove microbial collagenolytic proteases' definitive role in RC remains a significant challenge. A more thorough investigation is warranted to explore the potential of anti-collagenolytic agents in modulating biofilm metabolic processes or inhibiting/reducing the size of RC lesions. Prospective treatments targeting collagenases and promoting biomodification through collagen fibril cross-linking show promise for RC prevention and management. However, these studies are currently in the in vitro phase, necessitating additional research to translate findings into clinical applications. This is a comprehensive state-of-the-art review aimed to explore contributing factors to the formation of RC lesions, particularly focusing on collagen degradation in root tissues by microbial collagenases.
Topics: Root Caries; Humans; Dentin; Biofilms; Microbial Collagenase; Collagen
PubMed: 38775556
DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2024-0013 -
Heliyon May 2024This study aimed to investigate correlation between mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and in the process of cementoblast pyroptosis. Lactate dehydrogenase activity...
This study aimed to investigate correlation between mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and in the process of cementoblast pyroptosis. Lactate dehydrogenase activity assay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, western blotting and flow cytometry analysis were utilized to explore whether triggered pyroptosis in cementoblasts. Reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species were detected using flow cytometry and fluorescence staining. The effect of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species on the induced pyroptosis of cementoblasts was assessed by Mito-Tempo, mitochondrion-targeted superoxide dismutase mimetic. Phosphorylation levels of p65 were measured by western blotting. SC75741, a nuclear factor-kappa B inhibitor, was added to block the nuclear factor-kappa B in the -infected cementoblasts. triggered pyroptosis of cementoblasts, and an elevation in reactive oxygen species generation in the mitochondria was observed. Inhibition of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species reduced pyroptosis and nuclear factor-kappa B signaling pathway mediated the pyroptotic cell death in -infected cementoblasts. Together, our findings demonstrate that mitochondrial reactive oxygen species increased by participated in the pyroptosis of cementoblasts. Targeting mitochondrial reactive oxygen species may offer therapeutic strategies for root surface remodeling or periodontal regeneration.
PubMed: 38774076
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30814 -
Microbiology Spectrum Jul 2024has been associated with progression of periodontitis, characterized by inflammation and destruction of periodontal tissues. Here, we report that matcha, a product of ,...
UNLABELLED
has been associated with progression of periodontitis, characterized by inflammation and destruction of periodontal tissues. Here, we report that matcha, a product of , hampers the adherence and survival of through multiple tactics. Matcha extract (ME) inhibited the growth not only of but also of s and , while it did not inhibit growth of nine species of oral streptococci and . ME-mediated growth inhibition was characterized by both morphological and physiological changes at the bacterial envelope, which were accompanied by nano-particle formation and decreased membrane fluidity/permeability without loss of membrane integrity. ME also triggered autoaggregation of in a major fimbriae (FimA)-dependent manner. In addition, adherence of was dramatically inhibited by ME, irrespective of fimbriae. Furthermore, a structure-activity relationship study tested a series of catechins isolated from ME and identified the pyrogallol-type B-ring of catechins as essential for growth inhibition. In a clinical study to assess the microbiological and therapeutic effects of matcha mouthwash in patients with periodontitis, the number in saliva was significantly reduced by matcha mouthwash compared to the pre-intervention level. A tendency toward improvement in probing pocket depth was observed in the matcha group, although the difference was not statistically significant. Taken together, we present a proof of concept, based on the multimodal inhibitory effect of matcha against , and that matcha may have clinical applicability for prevention and treatment of periodontitis.
IMPORTANCE
Periodontitis, a multifactorial inflammatory disease of the oral cavity, results in alveolar bone destruction, and is a major cause of tooth loss of humans. In addition, emerging evidence has demonstrated associations between periodontitis and a wide range of other chronic inflammation-driven disorders, including diabetes mellitus, preterm birth, cardiovascular disease, aspiration pneumonia, rheumatoid arthritis, cognitive disorder, and cancer. In the present study, we report that matcha, a product of , hampers , a major periodontal pathobiont, in not only a series of experiments but also a pilot intervention clinical trial of patients with periodontitis, in which matcha mouthwash statistically significantly reduced the number in saliva, as compared to the pre-intervention level. Taken together, we suggest that matcha may have clinical applicability for prevention and treatment of periodontitis.
Topics: Porphyromonas gingivalis; Humans; Periodontitis; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Adhesion; Plant Extracts; Catechin; Fusobacterium nucleatum; Adult; Prevotella nigrescens; Female; Bacteroidaceae Infections; Male; Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans
PubMed: 38771061
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03426-23 -
P. gingivalis in oral-prostate axis exacerbates benign prostatic hyperplasia via IL-6/IL-6R pathway.Military Medical Research May 2024Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is the most common disease in elderly men. There is increasing evidence that periodontitis increases the risk of BPH, but the specific...
BACKGROUND
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is the most common disease in elderly men. There is increasing evidence that periodontitis increases the risk of BPH, but the specific mechanism remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the role and mechanism of the key periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) in the development of BPH.
METHODS
The subgingival plaque (Sp) and prostatic fluid (Pf) of patients with BPH concurrent periodontitis were extracted and cultured for 16S rDNA sequencing. Ligature-induced periodontitis, testosterone-induced BPH and the composite models in rats were established. The P. gingivalis and its toxic factor P. gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (P.g-LPS) were injected into the ventral lobe of prostate in rats to simulate its colonization of prostate. P.g-LPS was used to construct the prostate cell infection model for mechanism exploration.
RESULTS
P. gingivalis, Streptococcus oralis, Capnocytophaga ochracea and other oral pathogens were simultaneously detected in the Pf and Sp of patients with BPH concurrent periodontitis, and the average relative abundance of P. gingivalis was found to be the highest. P. gingivalis was detected in both Pf and Sp in 62.5% of patients. Simultaneous periodontitis and BPH synergistically aggravated prostate histological changes. P. gingivalis and P.g-LPS infection could induce obvious hyperplasia of the prostate epithelium and stroma (epithelial thickness was 2.97- and 3.08-fold that of control group, respectively), and increase of collagen fibrosis (3.81- and 5.02-fold that of control group, respectively). P. gingivalis infection promoted prostate cell proliferation, inhibited apoptosis, and upregulated the expression of inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6; 4.47-fold), interleukin-6 receptor-α (IL-6Rα; 5.74-fold) and glycoprotein 130 (gp130; 4.47-fold) in prostatic tissue. P.g-LPS could significantly inhibit cell apoptosis, promote mitosis and proliferation of cells. P.g-LPS activates the Akt pathway through IL-6/IL-6Rα/gp130 complex, which destroys the imbalance between proliferation and apoptosis of prostate cells, induces BPH.
CONCLUSION
P. gingivalis was abundant in the Pf of patients with BPH concurrent periodontitis. P. gingivalis infection can promote BPH, which may affect the progression of BPH via inflammation and the Akt signaling pathway.
Topics: Male; Prostatic Hyperplasia; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Rats; Humans; Animals; Interleukin-6; Receptors, Interleukin-6; Prostate; Periodontitis; Aged; Middle Aged; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Disease Models, Animal; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 38764065
DOI: 10.1186/s40779-024-00533-8 -
BMC Microbiology May 2024Intra-oral halitosis (IOH) is bad breath produced locally by the mouth in addition to systemic diseases and is one of the main causes of interpersonal communication and...
BACKGROUND
Intra-oral halitosis (IOH) is bad breath produced locally by the mouth in addition to systemic diseases and is one of the main causes of interpersonal communication and psychological disorders in modern society. However, current treatment modalities still only alleviate IOH and do not eradicate it. Therefore, based on the differential performance of oral microecology in IOH patients, we propose a microbiota transplantation treatment aimed at restoring oral microecological balance and analyze its feasibility by oral flora colonization test in Wistar rats.
OBJECTIVE
Saliva flora samples were collected from IOH patients and healthy subjects to analyze the feasibility of oral microbiota transplantation (OMT) for the treatment of IOH by the Wistar rat oral flora colonization test.
METHODS
Seven patients with IOH who visited the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from June 2017 to June 2022 with the main complaint of halitosis and three healthy subjects were randomly selected. A Halimeter portable breath detector was used to record breath values and collect saliva flora samples. Sixteen SPF-grade male Wistar rats were housed in the Animal Experiment Center of Xinjiang Medical University and randomly divided into an experimental group (Group E) and a control group (Group C) for the oral flora colonization test. Species composition and associated metabolic analysis of oral flora during the Wistar rat test using 16SrRNA sequencing technology and PICRUSt metabolic analysis. Also, the changes in the breath values of the rats were recorded during the test.
RESULTS
The proportion of Porphyromonas, Fusobacterium, Leptotrichia, and Peptostreptococcus was significantly higher in group E compared to group C after colonization of salivary flora of IOH patients (all P < 0.05), and the abundance with Gemella was zero before colonization, while no colonization was seen in group C after colonization compared to baseline. PICRUSt metabolic analysis also showed significantly enhanced IOH-related metabolic pathways after colonization in group E (all P < 0.05), as well as significantly higher breath values compared to baseline and group C (all P < 0.0001). After colonization by salivary flora from healthy subjects, group E rats showed a decrease in the abundance of associated odor-causing bacteria colonization, a reduction in associated metabolism, and a significant decrease in breath values. In contrast, group C also showed differential changes in flora structure and breath values compared to baseline after salivary flora colonization of IOH patients.
CONCLUSIONS
OMT for IOH is a promising green treatment option, but the influence of environmental factors and individual differences still cannot be ignored.
Topics: Animals; Halitosis; Rats, Wistar; Male; Rats; Humans; Microbiota; Saliva; Mouth; Feasibility Studies; Bacteria; Adult; Female; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Middle Aged
PubMed: 38760711
DOI: 10.1186/s12866-024-03322-4 -
BMC Microbiology May 2024We evaluated whether the sputum bacterial microbiome differs between nontuberculous mycobacteria pulmonary disease (NTM-PD) patients with stable disease not requiring... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
BACKGROUND
We evaluated whether the sputum bacterial microbiome differs between nontuberculous mycobacteria pulmonary disease (NTM-PD) patients with stable disease not requiring antibiotic treatment and those requiring antibiotics.
METHODS
We collected sputum samples from 21 clinically stable NTM-PD patients (stable group) and 14 NTM-PD patients needing antibiotic treatment (treatment group). We also obtained 13 follow-up samples from the stable group. We analyzed the 48 samples using 16S rRNA gene sequencing (V3-V4 region) and compared the groups.
RESULTS
In the linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) analysis, the species Porphyromonas pasteri, Haemophilus parahaemolyticus, Prevotella nanceiensis, and Gemella haemolysans were significantly more prevalent in the sputum of the stable group compared to the treatment group. No taxa showed significant differences in alpha-/beta-diversity or LEfSe between the 21 baseline and 13 follow-up sputum samples in the stable group. In the stable group, the genus Bergeyella and species Prevotella oris were less common in patients who achieved spontaneous culture conversion (n = 9) compared to those with persistent NTM positivity (n = 12) (effect size 3.04, p = 0.039 for Bergeyella; effect size 3.64, p = 0.033 for P. oris). In the treatment group, H. parainfluenzae was more common in patients with treatment success (n = 7) than in treatment-refractory patients (n = 7) (effect size 4.74, p = 0.013).
CONCLUSIONS
Our study identified distinct bacterial taxa in the sputum of NTM-PD patients based on disease status. These results suggest the presence of a microbial environment that helps maintain disease stability.
Topics: Humans; Sputum; Male; Female; Microbiota; Aged; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Middle Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Nontuberculous Mycobacteria; DNA, Bacterial; Lung Diseases
PubMed: 38760693
DOI: 10.1186/s12866-024-03308-2 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2024The oral cavity stands as one of the pivotal interfaces facilitating the intricate interaction between the human body and the external environment. The impact of diverse... (Review)
Review
The oral cavity stands as one of the pivotal interfaces facilitating the intricate interaction between the human body and the external environment. The impact of diverse oral microorganisms on the emergence and progression of various systemic cancers, typified by oral cancer, has garnered increasing attention. The potential pathogenicity of oral bacteria, notably the anaerobic and , has been extensively studied and exhibits obvious correlation with different carcinoma types. Furthermore, oral fungi and viruses are closely linked to oropharyngeal carcinoma. Multiple potential mechanisms of oral microbiota-induced carcinogenesis have been investigated, including heightened inflammatory responses, suppression of the host immune system, influence on the tumor microenvironment, anti-apoptotic activity, and promotion of malignant transformation. The disturbance of microbial equilibrium and the migration of oral microbiota play a pivotal role in facilitating oncogenic functions. This review aims to comprehensively outline the pathogenic mechanisms by which oral microbiota participate in carcinogenesis. Additionally, this review delves into their potential applications in cancer prevention, screening, and treatment. It proves to be a valuable resource for researchers investigating the intricate connection between oral microbiota and systemic cancers.
PubMed: 38756728
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1369834 -
Journal of Microbiology and... Jun 2024This study aimed to develop and assess a chitosan biomedical antibacterial gel ZincOxide-GrapheneOxide/Chitosan/β-Glycerophosphate (ZnO-GO/CS/β-GP) loaded with...
This study aimed to develop and assess a chitosan biomedical antibacterial gel ZincOxide-GrapheneOxide/Chitosan/β-Glycerophosphate (ZnO-GO/CS/β-GP) loaded with nano-zinc oxide (ZnO) and graphene oxide (GO), known for its potent antibacterial properties, biocompatibility, and sustained drug release. ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) were modified and integrated with GO sheets to create 1% and 3% ZnO-GO/CS/β-GP thermo-sensitive hydrogels based on ZnO-GO to Chitosan (CS) mass ratio. Gelation time, pH, structural changes, and microscopic morphology were evaluated. The hydrogel's antibacterial efficacy against Porphyromonas gingivalis, biofilm biomass, and metabolic activity was examined alongside its impact (MC3T3-e1). The findings of this study revealed that both hydrogel formulations exhibited temperature sensitivity, maintaining a neutral pH. The ZnO-GO/CS/β-GP formulation effectively inhibited P. gingivalis bacterial activity and biofilm formation, with a 3% ZnO-GO/CS/β-GP antibacterial rate approaching 100%. MC3T3-e1 cells displayed good biocompatibility when cultured in the hydrogel extract.The ZnO-GO/CS/β-GP thermo-sensitive hydrogel demonstrates favorable physical and chemical properties, effectively preventing biofilm formation. It exhibits promising biocompatibility, suggesting its potential as an adjuvant therapy for managing and preventing peri-implantitis, subject to further clinical investigations.
Topics: Chitosan; Zinc Oxide; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Graphite; Biofilms; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Mice; Animals; Hydrogels; Glycerophosphates; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Temperature; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Cell Line; Nanoparticles
PubMed: 38755002
DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2402.02055 -
Journal of Global Antimicrobial... May 2024The aim of this study was to characterise the first complete genome of Porphyromonas pogonae strain PP01-1 of human origin in China.
OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to characterise the first complete genome of Porphyromonas pogonae strain PP01-1 of human origin in China.
METHODS
The Illumina NovaSeq 6000 (200X coverage) and Nanopore MinION platforms (100× coverage) were used for genome sequencing. A de novo hybrid assembly of short Illumina reads and long MinION reads was performed using Unicycler (v.0.5.0). Genome annotation of PP01-1 was performed using the prokaryotic gene-prediction tool Prokka1.14.6. The genome was further analysed using several bioinformatics tools, including ResFinder, VFDB, VirulenceFinder, Type Strain Genome Server, AntiSMASH, PathogenFinder, MobileElementfinder, CRISPRFinder, and IslandViewer.
RESULTS
The assembled circular genome of P. pogonae strain PP01-1 was 2 916 423 bp in length, with a GC content of 41.0%, and no plasmid sequence was detected. A total of 2399 coding sequences were predicted by Prokka. PP01-1 harbours antimicrobial resistance genes bla (β-lactamase resistance), tet(Q) (tetracycline resistance), and floR (chloramphenicol and florfenicol resistance).
CONCLUSIONS
Here, we are the first to report the complete genome of P. pogonae strain PP01-1 of human origin. In this strain, we first identified bla and tet(Q) in P. pogonae, which will pave the way for further analysis that could identify the potential mechanism of antibiotic resistance and virulence factors in P. pogonae.
PubMed: 38750897
DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2024.04.015