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BMC Women's Health Nov 2023Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) affects women's physical and mental health. Depression, stress, sleep disturbance, and eating attitude problems have been known to influence...
BACKGROUND
Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) affects women's physical and mental health. Depression, stress, sleep disturbance, and eating attitude problems have been known to influence PMS. Furthermore, restrictions of daily life due to the COVID-19 pandemic have led to changes in sleep patterns and eating attitudes. Thus, it is necessary to closely examine how these factors affect PMS. This study aimed to examine the levels of PMS, stress, depression, sleep disturbance, and eating attitude problems among female college students who experience dysmenorrhea and determine the factors associated with PMS.
METHODS
A cross-sectional online survey design was conducted using a convenience sample of 143 female college students in C City, South Korea. Data were collected from September 1 to 19, 2021 in South Korea using an online self-administered survey. Differences in participants' level of PMS according to physical health variables (e.g., smoking, water intake, menstrual pain intensity) and psychological issues (i.e., stress, depression, sleep disturbances, and eating attitude problems) were assessed with independent sample t-tests and one-way ANOVAs. Correlational analyses between these variables were also conducted. Additionally, multiple regression was performed to identify the factors influencing PMS.
RESULTS
PMS severity was between normal (27.3%) and premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) (72.7%). PMS was associated positively with depression (r = .284, p = 001), stress (r = .274, p = .001), sleep disturbance (r = .440, p < .001), and eating attitude problems (r = .266, p = .001). Additionally, menstrual pain intensity (β = 0.204), sleep disturbances (β = 0.375), and eating attitude problems (β = 0.202) were found to influence PMS. The regression model was significant (F = 16.553, p < .001) with an explanatory power of 24.7%.
CONCLUSIONS
Considering the influencing factors of PMS identified in this study, interventions for participants experiencing PMS should be made. We propose that further study should be conducted to examine whether the severity of PMS changes according to menstrual pain, the pattern and degree of its change, and the paths through which sleep quality and eating attitude problems affect PMS.
Topics: Female; Humans; Dysmenorrhea; Cross-Sectional Studies; Pandemics; Premenstrual Syndrome; Students
PubMed: 37950208
DOI: 10.1186/s12905-023-02752-y -
International Journal of Environmental... Nov 2023This study aims to clarify the association between the severity of dysmenorrhea and psychological distress among working women in central Tokyo and examine the effect...
This study aims to clarify the association between the severity of dysmenorrhea and psychological distress among working women in central Tokyo and examine the effect modification of job stressors. The participants in this cross-sectional study were 312 women who had undergone health check-ups in the "Marunouchi Hokenshitsu" project. The severity of dysmenorrhea was defined as the degree of daily life disturbance with menstrual pain, and the outcome variable was the K6 scores. To assess the association of psychological distress with the severity of dysmenorrhea, multiple regression analyses were performed. The results revealed that 18.3% of the 289 working women were in the moderate/severe group of dysmenorrhea. In multiple regression analysis, moderate/severe dysmenorrhea was significantly associated with higher levels of psychological distress, but the significance disappeared after adjusting for gynecology such as premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and workplace-related factors. The degree of job control was significantly associated with lower levels of psychological distress and may modify psychological distress caused by dysmenorrhea. Moderate/severe dysmenorrhea may be associated with higher levels of psychological distress in working women, and psychological symptoms of PMS) and the degree of job control were possible effect factors, and there may be effect modification by the degree of job control.
Topics: Humans; Female; Dysmenorrhea; Tokyo; Cross-Sectional Studies; Premenstrual Syndrome; Psychological Distress; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 37947577
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20217021 -
International Journal of Community... Oct 2023Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is one of the causes of poor performance in women, with direct and indirect adverse effects on their marital, family, and social life. This... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND
Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is one of the causes of poor performance in women, with direct and indirect adverse effects on their marital, family, and social life. This study aimed to examine the effect of cognitive-behavioral counseling on resilience in adolescent girls with PMS.
METHODS
This randomized clinical trial was conducted from February to May 2018 on 15-17-year-old girl adolescents in Hamadan high schools. Using the block randomization method and the block size of 10, we randomly assigned 120 participants with moderate to severe PMS into intervention (N=60) and control groups (N=60). Participants in the intervention group received eight 60-minute cognitive-behavioral counseling sessions for 8 weeks, and the control group received no intervention. Data were gathered using demographic questionnaire, Premenstrual Symptoms Screening Tool, and the Connor-Davidson resilience scale. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 16. The Chi-square, independent-samples t-test, and paired t-tests were used to analyze the data. P values <0.05 were considered significant.
RESULTS
The mean total resilience score and all its dimensions increased in the intervention group 3 months after the intervention (P<0.05). Mean scores of total resilience and all subscales except spiritual influences showed statistically significant differences between the intervention and control groups 3 months after the intervention (P<0.05).
CONCLUSION
Cognitive-behavioral counseling can improve resilience in female adolescents with moderate to severe PMS. It is recommended that school counselors can use cognitive-behavioral counseling to improve the resilience of girls with moderate to severe PMS. IRCT2015052615341N6.
Topics: Adolescent; Female; Humans; Premenstrual Syndrome; Counseling; Surveys and Questionnaires; Counselors; Cognition
PubMed: 37901183
DOI: 10.30476/IJCBNM.2023.99040.2276 -
International Journal of Molecular... Oct 2023Previously, we reported that a reduction in β-Arrestin1 protein levels in peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes (PBMC) significantly correlated with the severity of...
Previously, we reported that a reduction in β-Arrestin1 protein levels in peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes (PBMC) significantly correlated with the severity of depression symptoms in women with premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). This study aimed to determine whether the reduced premenstrual β-Arrestin1 protein levels were associated with changes in the regulator for late luteal phase progesterone secretion. The study participants ( = 25) were non-pregnant women between 18 and 42 years of age not taking any antidepressants or receiving therapy and experiencing the luteal phase of menstruation. ELISA determined the β-Arrestin1 protein in PBMC; testosterone and prolactin levels from the plasma were determined by radioimmunoassay. Reduced levels of β-Arrestin1 protein in women with Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D) scores above 19 were observed alongside significantly higher plasma testosterone and prolactin concentrations. Understanding the mechanism underlying the initiation of PMDD will allow for identification of a key perturbed metabolic enzyme that can serve as a target for drug development to ensure the alleviation of PMDD, which has been suggested earlier as a risk factor for developing major depressive disorders.
Topics: Female; Humans; Depressive Disorder, Major; Leukocytes, Mononuclear; Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder; Premenstrual Syndrome; Prolactin; Testosterone
PubMed: 37895130
DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015449 -
Frontiers in Public Health 2023Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) stands as a significant concern within the realm gynecological disorders, profoundly impacting women of childbearing age in China. However,...
OBJECTIVE
Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) stands as a significant concern within the realm gynecological disorders, profoundly impacting women of childbearing age in China. However, the elusive nature of its risk factors necessitates investigation. This study, therefore, is dedicated to unraveling the intricacies of PMS by focusing on nurses, a cohort with unique occupational stressors, to develop and validate a predictive model for assessing the risk of PMS.
METHODS
This investigation employed a multi-center cross-sectional analysis drawing upon data from the TARGET Nurses' health cohort. Utilizing online survey versions of the Premenstrual Syndrome Scale (PMSS), a comprehensive dataset encompassing physiological, social, psychological, occupational, and behavioral variables was collected from 18,645 participants. A stepwise multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify independent risk factors for PMS. Furthermore, a refined variable selection process was executed, combining the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) method with 10-fold cross-validation. The visualization of the risk prediction model was achieved through a nomogram, and its performance was evaluated using the C index, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, and the calibration curves.
RESULTS
Among the diverse variables explored, this study identified several noteworthy predictors of PMS in nurses, including tea or coffee consumption, sleep quality, menstrual cycle regularity, intermenstrual bleeding episodes, dysmenorrhea severity, experiences of workplace bullying, trait coping style, anxiety, depression and perceived stress levels. The prediction model exhibited robust discriminatory power, with an area under the curve of 0.765 for the training set and 0.769 for the test set. Furthermore, the calibration curve underscored the model's high degree of alignment with observed outcomes.
CONCLUSION
The developed model showcases exceptional accuracy in identifying nurses at risk of PMS. This early alert system holds potential to significantly enhance nurses' well-being and underscore the importance of professional support.
Topics: Humans; Female; Cohort Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; Premenstrual Syndrome; Risk Factors; Coffee
PubMed: 37854248
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1203280 -
Reproductive Sciences (Thousand Oaks,... Mar 2024To determine the relationships between luteal-phase steroidal hormonal profile and PMS for a large number of women attending a dedicated fertility clinic. This was a...
To determine the relationships between luteal-phase steroidal hormonal profile and PMS for a large number of women attending a dedicated fertility clinic. This was a retrospective cross-sectional study on women attending a hospital-based clinic for fertility concerns and/or recurrent miscarriage. All participants were assessed with a women's health questionnaire which also included evaluation of premenstrual symptoms. Day of ovulation was identified based on the peak mucus symptom assessed by the woman after instruction in a fertility awareness-based method (FABM). This enabled reliable timing of luteal-phase serum hormone levels to be taken and analysed. Between 2011 and 2021, 894 of the 2666 women undertaking the women's health assessment had at least one evaluable serum luteal hormone test. Serum progesterone levels were up to 10 nmol/L lower for symptomatic women compared with asymptomatic women. This difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05) for the majority of PMS symptoms at ≥ 9 days after the peak mucus symptom. A similar trend was observed for oestradiol but differences were generally not statistically significant. ROC curves demonstrated that steroid levels during the luteal phase were not discriminating in identifying the presence of PMS symptoms. Blood levels for progesterone were lower throughout the luteal phase in women with PMS, with the greatest effect seen late in the luteal phase.
Topics: Female; Humans; Progesterone; Cross-Sectional Studies; Retrospective Studies; Premenstrual Syndrome; Luteal Phase; Infertility; Abortion, Habitual
PubMed: 37853154
DOI: 10.1007/s43032-023-01375-w -
Contraception Mar 2024The levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device containing 13.5 mg of levonorgestrel (LNG 13.5 mg IUD), Jaydess, was approved for contraception by the European... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
OBJECTIVES
The levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device containing 13.5 mg of levonorgestrel (LNG 13.5 mg IUD), Jaydess, was approved for contraception by the European Medicines Agency in 2013. We aimed to describe the characteristics of new users of LNG 13.5 mg IUD in Sweden within the first 3 years after approval (2014-2016).
STUDY DESIGN
We conducted an observational, population-based study using data from the Swedish national registers. Women with the first pharmacy dispensation of LNG 13.5 mg IUD between 2014 and 2016 were followed until December 31, 2020. Descriptive analyses included demographic characteristics, duration of the use of first-time LNG 13.5 mg IUD, and contraceptive switching patterns.
RESULTS
We included 38,327 women, with mean age at first-time LNG 13.5 mg IUD use of 26 (SD: 7) years. Over 80% were prescribed LNG 13.5 mg IUD by a midwife. The most common comorbidities in the year prior to LNG 13.5 mg IUD use (2%-3% prevalence) were depression, anxiety, premenstrual syndrome, and menorrhagia. The median duration of first-time LNG 13.5 mg IUD use was 2.6 years, and after use, more than 50% of women opted to continue using a hormonal intrauterine device.
CONCLUSIONS
In this postmarketing drug utilization study, there were over 38,000 first-time LNG 13.5 mg IUD users in Sweden between 2014 and 2016, with an estimated median duration of use of 2.6 years. First-time LNG 13.5 mg IUD users consisted mostly of young, healthy individuals with a history of hormonal contraceptive use. Over half of the women continued using a hormonal IUD after the first LNG 13.5 mg IUD.
IMPLICATIONS
The median duration of LNG 13.5 mg IUD use was 2.6 years, approaching the 3-year indicated use limit. The majority of users continued with another hormonal intrauterine device after LNG 13.5 mg IUD use.
Topics: Female; Humans; Adult; Levonorgestrel; Sweden; Contraceptive Agents, Female; Hormonal Contraception; Intrauterine Devices, Medicated; Intrauterine Devices, Copper
PubMed: 37844683
DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2023.110309 -
Annals of Medicine and Surgery (2012) Oct 2023Mastalgia was the most common symptom in patients attending a breast clinic. The two most common types of mastalgia were (cyclical and non-cyclical). The common cause of...
INTRODUCTION
Mastalgia was the most common symptom in patients attending a breast clinic. The two most common types of mastalgia were (cyclical and non-cyclical). The common cause of cyclical was Physiological changes due to premenstrual tension syndrome fibrocystic changes or fibroadenosis and (Aberrations in the Normal Development and Involution of the breast ). Non-cyclical diseases are mainly benign rather than malignant. Solid masses (fibroadenomas), cysts, infections, abscesses, trauma, and nipple discharge (hormones) are rare diseases associated with breast cancer. The aim of this study is to study the incidence of mastalgia, types (cyclical and non-cyclical) and pathological types of mastalgia (benign and malignant pathologies).
MATERIAL AND METHODS
A cross-sectional descriptive study of mastalgia was carried out at the Breast Center Department of Maternity Teaching Hospital located in Erbil, from January 2014 to September 2015. A total of 150 breast pain cases (available clinical data) were studied in detail.
RESULTS
There are two types of mastalgia based on triple assessments, these are as follows, cyclical 90 cases (60%) and non-cyclical 60 cases (40%). Fibrocystic breast changes or fibroadenosis 35 cases (23.3%) and thirdly nipple discharges as part of fibrocystic (fibroadenosis) five cases (3.3%). Non-cyclical mastalgia was subdivided into benign breast pathologies, fibroadenoma 30 cases (20%), breast cyst 10 cases (6.7%), nipple discharge (hormonal) five cases (3.3%), mastitis three cases (2%) abscess two cases (1.3%), fat necrosis one case (0.7%), and malignant breast pathologies, cancer three cases (2%). Clinicopathological correlations in the current study were highly significant (<0.005).
CONCLUSION
Not all discomfort or pain can be diagnosed as mastalgia; occasionally, chest wall, referral pain, and systemic causes can mimic mastalgia. These results highlight the importance of differentiating between cyclical and non-cyclical mastalgia using clinical assessment, sonography, mammography, and blood investigations. Most mastalgia cases are benign, with cyclical mastalgia primarily related to hormonal changes during the menstrual cycle.
PubMed: 37811083
DOI: 10.1097/MS9.0000000000001159 -
Heliyon Sep 2023Numerous women of reproductive age experience physical or mental discomfort during their natural menstrual cycle due to paramenstrual symptoms, such as premenstrual...
BACKGROUND AND AIM
Numerous women of reproductive age experience physical or mental discomfort during their natural menstrual cycle due to paramenstrual symptoms, such as premenstrual syndrome (PMS). To date, there is no established biomarker for the diagnosis of PMS. This study investigated the relationship between skin gas composition and menstruation cycles, and evaluated the possibility of skin gas composition as a biomarker of paramenstrual symptoms.
METHODS
We conducted an exploratory pilot study. Healthy Japanese women (aged 20-29 years) underwent blood and skin gas analyses on 1 day corresponding to menstruation, preovulatory, middle luteal, and late luteal phases. Skin gas was collected from the cubital fossa and armpit using a Passive Flux Sampler; samples were analyzed for 65 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Non-parametric statistical analysis was performed to identify VOCs related to the menstrual cycle, levels of female hormones, and severity of PMS.
RESULTS
Fourteen women participated; of those, 12 completed the study. Regarding the relationship with the menstrual cycles, seven and four VOCs were significantly and marginally changed, respectively, at the cubital fossa during menstruation. Of those 11 compounds, 10 were also correlated with the levels of serum female hormones. At the armpit, five and three compounds were significantly and marginally changed, respectively, during menstruation. Of those eight compounds, five were also correlated with the levels of serum female hormones. In the study of PMS severity, analysis of the changes in VOCs suggested that ketones and fatty acids are increased during menstruation in the severe PMS group versus the mild PMS group.
CONCLUSIONS
The results of this study suggest that certain VOCs emitted in skin gas related to the menstrual cycle, levels of female hormones, and severity of PMS. These findings may advance the metabolic understanding and development of diagnostic biomarkers for menstruation-related symptoms.
PubMed: 37810044
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19627 -
Scientific Reports Oct 2023Lack of absolute treatment for premenstrual syndrome (PMS), its cyclic nature, considerable prevalence (70-90%), and its mental and physical burden imply necessity of... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Lack of absolute treatment for premenstrual syndrome (PMS), its cyclic nature, considerable prevalence (70-90%), and its mental and physical burden imply necessity of effectiveness comparison of various treatments. Although antidepressant and hormonal drugs are well-known medications for PMS, in affected women who can't tolerate, or don't have compatibility or compliance with these drugs, other effective treatments have always been important concern. This study aimed to compare effectiveness of online positive-oriented counseling, taking vitamin D3 tablet, and online lifestyle modification training on alleviating PMS. 3-armed parallel randomized clinical trial was performed on 84 20-40-year-old eligible women with PMS. 84 women were randomly ( www.random.org/sequenc ) allocated into three groups, but data of 77 women (1, n = 25) online positive-oriented counseling group (6 sessions), (2, n = 27) vitamin D3 tablet group (one vitamin D3 tablet weekly for 6 weeks), and (3, n = 25) online lifestyle training group (6 sessions) were analyzed. Vitamin D3 was measured at baseline, week6 and fallow up week10. Primary outcome variable PMS was measured with Premenstrual Symptoms Screening Tool (PSST) at baseline, week 6, and follow-up week 10. Primary outcome satisfaction with intervention method was measured using satisfaction scale at week 6 and follow-up week 10. ANOVA, Repeated Measures, and Paired samples t-test were used for statistical analysis. There was no statistically significant difference in PMS at baseline between three groups respectively (33 ± 5.8, 34.1 ± 7.1, & 35.2 ± 6.4, P = 0.500). However, at follow-up week 10, there was statistically significant difference between three groups (22.3 ± 4.3, 25.4 ± 6.5, & 31.8 ± 6.5; P < 0.001), with greatest improvement in online positive-oriented counseling group (P < 0.001). Satisfaction differed significantly among three groups at week 6 (51 ± 6.8, 46.4 ± 12, & 42.3 ± 6.3, P = 0.001) and follow-up week 10 (55.7 ± 11.6, 51.4 ± 12; & 43 ± 3.3, P < 0.001), with most satisfaction in positive-oriented counseling group (P < 0.001). All three interventions alleviated PMS, but online positive-oriented counseling was more effective and satisfying. Superiority of positive-oriented counseling implies mechanism of adaptation, better relationships, forgiveness, self-mood-regulation, and feasibility of its skills that could be continued individually by women after counseling completion. It is recommended health providers, health policymakers and managers support use of these interventions in treatment program and clinical guidelines.Trial registration: RCT registration number: IRCT20191231045967N1, Registration date:11/02/2020, Registration timing: prospective (IRCT | Survey the effect of vitamin D3 tablet intake, positivism group consulting with changing in life style in the treatment of premenstrual syndrome in women).
Topics: Female; Humans; Cholecalciferol; Prospective Studies; Premenstrual Syndrome; Counseling; Life Style
PubMed: 37789181
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43940-y