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Alternative Therapies in Health and... Jun 2024Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) causes normogonadotrophic anovulation, where women experience abnormal and irregular ovulations due to dysfunctions in the...
BACKGROUND
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) causes normogonadotrophic anovulation, where women experience abnormal and irregular ovulations due to dysfunctions in the hypothalamic-pituitary that ensure normal levels of estradiol are maintained. This study aims to investigate the improvement of PCOS symptoms in obese patients after undergoing bariatric surgery.
METHODS
We conducted a retrospective study at The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University from 2020 to 2022. We recruited 65 females; the inclusion criteria involved patients who were obese and experiencing infertility issues due to PCOS, patients who consented to undergo bariatric surgery, patients who were aged 22 years to 40 years, and patients who had a post-surgical BMI of ≤ 35 kg/m2. We excluded patients with medical disorders and complications, aged 40 years and above, and patients who showed a post-surgical operation BMI of greater than 35 kg/m2.
RESULTS
The patients recorded an average pre-operating BMI of 44 kg/m2 with a mean age of 28 years. Most participants had an average menstrual cycle of 60 to 90 days, with 44% of patients reporting normal menstruation. At 6 months, post-surgery, the average level of prolactin was 11.39 ng/mL, progesterone was 0.4ng/dL, SHBG at 24 nmol/L, estradiol at 24.6 pg/mL, testosterone at 34 pg/mL, LH at 10.2 mIU/ml and FSH at 5.6 mIU/ml.
DISCUSSION
Bariatric surgery enhances a reduction in body weight due to lowering BMI levels of serum and total testosterone. The increased sensitivity to insulin reduces resistance to insulin and enhances regulation of hormones. Ovulation and menstrual cycle were restored in women with PCOS due to weight loss and positive regulation of hormones. Moreover, the effects of chronic low-grade inflammations were eliminated due to a significant reduction in the adipose mass and enhanced metabolic parameters.
CONCLUSION
We observed that bariatric surgery improved PCOS symptoms in obese women. Bariatric surgery combined with sustainable weight loss, shows promising improvements in menstrual regularity, hormonal balance, fertility and pregnancy rates for obese women with PCOS, potentially offering them a valuable option for achieving conception.
PubMed: 38870509
DOI: No ID Found -
BMC Urology Jun 2024Male infertility has become a global health problem, and genetic factors are one of the essential causes. Y chromosome microdeletion is the leading genetic factor cause...
BACKGROUND
Male infertility has become a global health problem, and genetic factors are one of the essential causes. Y chromosome microdeletion is the leading genetic factor cause of male infertility. The objective of this study is to investigate the correlation between male infertility and Y chromosome microdeletions in Hainan, the sole tropical island province of China.
METHODS
We analyzed the semen of 897 infertile men from Hainan in this study. Semen analysis was measured according to WHO criteria by professionals at the Department of Reproductive Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, where samples were collected. Y chromosome AZF microdeletions were confirmed by detecting six STS markers using multiple polymerase chain reactions on peripheral blood DNA. The levels of reproductive hormones, including FSH, LH, PRL, T, and E, were quantified using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
RESULTS
The incidence of Y chromosome microdeletion in Hainan infertile men was 7.13%. The occurrence rate of Y chromosome microdeletion was 6.69% (34/508) in the oligozoospermia group and 7.71% (30/389) in the azoospermia group. The deletion of various types in the AZF subregion was observed in the group with azoospermia, whereas no AZFb deletion was detected in the oligozoospermia group. Among all patients with microdeletions, the deletion rate of the AZFc region was the higher at 68.75% (44 out of 64), followed by a deletion rate of 6.25% (4 out of 64) for the AZFa region and a deletion rate of 4.69% (3 out of 64) for the AZFb region. The deletion rate of the AZFa region was significantly higher in patients with azoospermia than in patients with oligozoospermia (0.51% vs. 0.39%, p < 0.001). In comparison, the deletion rate of the AZFc region was significantly higher in patients with oligozoospermia (3.08% vs. 6.30%, p < 0.001). Additionally, the AZFb + c subregion association deletion was observed in the highest proportion among all patients (0.89%, 8/897), followed by AZFa + b + c deletion (0.56%, 5/897), and exclusively occurred in patients with azoospermia. Hormone analysis revealed FSH (21.63 ± 2.01 U/L vs. 10.15 ± 0.96 U/L, p = 0.001), LH (8.96 ± 0.90 U/L vs. 4.58 ± 0.42 U/L, p < 0.001) and PRL (263.45 ± 21.84 mIU/L vs. 170.76 ± 17.10 mIU/L, p = 0.002) were significantly increased in azoospermia patients with microdeletions. Still, P and E levels were not significantly different between the two groups.
CONCLUSIONS
The incidence of AZF microdeletion can reach 7.13% in infertile men in Hainan province, and the deletion of the AZFc subregion is the highest. Although the Y chromosome microdeletion rate is distinct in different regions or populations, the regions mentioned above of the Y chromosome may serve an indispensable role in regulating spermatogenesis. The analysis of Y chromosome microdeletion plays a crucial role in the clinical assessment and diagnosis of male infertility.
Topics: Humans; Male; Chromosomes, Human, Y; Infertility, Male; Chromosome Deletion; China; Sex Chromosome Aberrations; Adult; Sex Chromosome Disorders of Sex Development; Reproductive Techniques, Assisted; Luteinizing Hormone; Follicle Stimulating Hormone; Azoospermia; Prolactin; Oligospermia; Testosterone; Estradiol; Semen Analysis
PubMed: 38867229
DOI: 10.1186/s12894-024-01503-x -
Scientific Reports Jun 2024In addition to testosterone, various endocrine hormones, such as dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) and estradiol, may be involved in erectile function. However,...
In addition to testosterone, various endocrine hormones, such as dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) and estradiol, may be involved in erectile function. However, the role of these sex hormones in the erectile function of men without hypoandrogenism remains unclear. This cross-sectional study included 398 community-dwelling men without hypoandrogenism. The participants were categorized into the non-ED and ED groups. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to investigate the relationship between ED and serum sex hormone levels, including total testosterone, DHEA-S, estradiol, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and prolactin. Among the 398 men, 66 (17%) and 332 (83%) were categorized into the non-ED and ED groups, respectively. In the multivariable analyses, serum DHEA-S and estradiol levels were significantly associated with ED (odds ratio [OR]: 0.996, P = 0.030; OR: 1.082, P = 0.002; respectively), whereas serum total testosterone, LH, FSH, and prolactin levels did not demonstrate significant association. After adjusting for age, none of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, serum plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 levels, and skin advanced glycation end-products levels demonstrated significant correlation with serum DHEA-S and estradiol levels. In conclusion, lower testosterone levels did not affect ED in men with normal testosterone levels, whereas serum DHEA-S and estradiol levels were significantly associated with ED.
Topics: Humans; Male; Erectile Dysfunction; Middle Aged; Cross-Sectional Studies; Gonadal Steroid Hormones; Adult; Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate; Estradiol; Testosterone; Luteinizing Hormone; Follicle Stimulating Hormone; Aged; Prolactin
PubMed: 38862562
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64339-3 -
The Journal of Poultry Science 2024Broodiness in egg-laying hens (EHs) leads to ovarian atrophy, resulting in reduced egg-laying performance. However, the ovarian regulatory mechanisms in broody hens...
Broodiness in egg-laying hens (EHs) leads to ovarian atrophy, resulting in reduced egg-laying performance. However, the ovarian regulatory mechanisms in broody hens (BCs) remain elusive. Therefore, ovaries were removed from 300-day-old BCs and EHs for RNA sequencing. Ovarian morphology and histological characteristics of the BC and EH groups were compared and analyzed. The EH group had significantly more hierarchical follicles (HFs) and small yellow follicles (SYFs) than that of the BC group. Although several secondary follicles (SFs) and primary follicles were observed in the ovaries of the EH group, only a few SFs were observed in the ovaries of the BC group. Subsequently, RNA-sequencing analysis was conducted to determine the ovarian expression profiles of the two groups. Transcriptome sequencing identified 259 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the BC and EH groups. Of the 259 DEGs, 136 were upregulated and 123 were downregulated. The DEGs were mapped to 22 gene ontology terms and 4 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways for ovarian tissue. The analysis showed that matrix metalloproteinases 11/13 (MMP11/MMP13) were enriched in the extracellular matrix. The extracellular matrix mediated by MMP13 is affected by follicle-stimulating hormone, prolactin, and estrogen, which are critical signaling pathways that may affect ovarian follicle development to regulate the large yellow follicle reserve process and the ovulation cycle of broody Chahua chickens. These findings indicate that understanding differences in gene expression between the ovarian tissues of BCs and EHs could serve as a valuable reference point for enhancing egg-laying performance in Chahua chickens.
PubMed: 38854637
DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.2024018 -
Turkish Journal of Obstetrics and... Jun 2024This study explored the relationship between reduced ovarian reserve and the psychological state of infertile women.
OBJECTIVE
This study explored the relationship between reduced ovarian reserve and the psychological state of infertile women.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This cross-sectional, single-center study was conducted with 106 infertile women. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was used to assess patients' propensity for depression. The data relating to infertility, such as causes of infertility, type of infertility (primary or secondary), duration of infertility, and treatment status [previous assisted reproductive technologies (ART) treatment and ART treatment failure] were recorded for each patient. The ovarian reserve was determined using laboratory tests [anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH); follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)] and transvaginal ultrasonography to measure the antral follicle count (AFC) in each ovary.
RESULTS
There was no significant relationship between the total score obtained from the Beck depression scale and AFC, AMH, thyroid-stimulating hormone, FSH, estradiol, and prolactin measurements (p>0.05). There was no significant difference between the groups regarding depression levels based on the cause of infertility (p=0.412). Additionally, the type of infertility (primary, secondary) did not differ between the groups (p=0.586). There were no differences on the BDI scale regarding the level of depression between patients who underwent in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment (history of previous IVF treatment failure) and those who did not.
CONCLUSION
There was no significant association between AFC and AMH levels and the depression state of infertile patients.
PubMed: 38853484
DOI: 10.4274/tjod.galenos.2024.04248 -
Turkish Journal of Obstetrics and... Jun 2024The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of myoinositol (4 g myoinositol + 400 mcg folic acid/day) compared with metformin (average 1700 mg/day), as...
OBJECTIVE
The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of myoinositol (4 g myoinositol + 400 mcg folic acid/day) compared with metformin (average 1700 mg/day), as well as the combined efficacy of both treatments in managing insulin-resistant polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) among women.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We retrospectively analyzed the records of 68 reproductive-age PCOS patients with insulin resistance over a 3-month period. Oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) (75 gr) were conducted to measure glucose levels at 0 and 120 min. Moreover, changes in prolactin, thyroid stimulating hormone, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, triglyceride levels, total cholesterol, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, total testosterone, free testosterone, and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) levels were evaluated pre- and post-treatment over a 3-month period.
RESULTS
Statistically significant improvements were observed in menstrual regularity, body mass index (BMI), modified Ferriman Gallwey scores, OGTT glucose levels at 0 and 120 min, total testosterone, free testosterone, and DHEA-S levels across all groups (p<0.005).
CONCLUSION
No significant variances were observed in terms of BMI, modified Ferriman Gallwey scores, or androgen levels across the three treatment cohorts. The combination of myoinositol and metformin did not confer additional benefits compared with either treatment alone.
PubMed: 38853482
DOI: 10.4274/tjod.galenos.2024.21456 -
Clinical and Experimental Reproductive... Jun 2024Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is known to influence the seminal and hormonal parameters of infected men. This study was performed to assess the effects of HCV...
OBJECTIVE
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is known to influence the seminal and hormonal parameters of infected men. This study was performed to assess the effects of HCV clearance using direct-acting antiviral (DAA) agents on semen and hormonal parameters.
METHODS
A total of 50 patients with chronic HCV were enrolled, and conventional semen analysis was performed according to World Health Organization guidelines. Basal levels of total testosterone, free testosterone (FT), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol (E2), prolactin, and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) were assessed before and 3 months after treatment with DAAs.
RESULTS
Following DAA treatment, statistically significant increases were observed in sperm motility and the proportion of grade A sperm. Additionally, the percentage of abnormal forms was significantly decreased after treatment (p=0.000). However, no significant differences were observed in semen volume, concentration, or total sperm count. Sex hormone analysis of patients after DAA treatment revealed significant increases in FT, LH, and FSH levels, along with significant decreases in SHBG, prolactin, and E2 levels.
CONCLUSION
Following HCV clearance, we noted an improvement in sperm motility and an increase in the percentage of sperm with normal morphology. Treatment with DAAs was also associated with increased levels of FT and LH, along with decreased levels of SHBG, prolactin, and E2.
PubMed: 38853129
DOI: 10.5653/cerm.2023.06772