-
Communications Biology Jun 2024Robotically assisted proteomics provides insights into the regulation of multiple proteins achieving excellent spatial resolution. However, developing an effective...
Robotically assisted proteomics provides insights into the regulation of multiple proteins achieving excellent spatial resolution. However, developing an effective method for spatially resolved quantitative proteomics of formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue (FFPE) in an accessible and economical manner remains challenging. We introduce non-robotic In-insert FFPE proteomics approach, combining glass insert FFPE tissue processing with spatial quantitative data-independent mass spectrometry (DIA). In-insert approach identifies 450 proteins from a 5 µm thick breast FFPE tissue voxel with 50 µm lateral dimensions covering several tens of cells. Furthermore, In-insert approach associated a keratin series and moesin (MOES) with prolactin-induced protein (PIP) indicating their prolactin and/or estrogen regulation. Our data suggest that PIP is a spatial biomarker for hormonally triggered cytoskeletal remodeling, potentially useful for screening hormonally affected hotspots in breast tissue. In-insert proteomics represents an alternative FFPE processing method, requiring minimal laboratory equipment and skills to generate spatial proteotype repositories from FFPE tissue.
Topics: Humans; Proteomics; Paraffin Embedding; Cytoskeleton; Female; Biomarkers; Tissue Fixation; Prolactin; Formaldehyde; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; Microfilament Proteins; Membrane Transport Proteins
PubMed: 38851810
DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06354-8 -
BMC Endocrine Disorders Jun 2024We aimed to examine sex-specific associations between sex- and thyroid-related hormones and the risk of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) in...
BACKGROUND
We aimed to examine sex-specific associations between sex- and thyroid-related hormones and the risk of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
METHODS
Cross-sectional analyses of baseline information from an ongoing cohort of 432 T2DM patients (185 women and 247 men) in Xiamen, China were conducted. Plasma sex-related hormones, including estradiol (E2), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin (PRL), progesterone, and total testosterone (TT), and thyroid-related hormones, including free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and parathyroid hormone (PTH), were measured using chemiluminescent immunoassays. MAFLD was defined as the presence of hepatic steatosis (diagnosed by either hepatic ultrasonography scanning or fatty liver index (FLI) score > 60) since all subjects had T2DM in the present study.
RESULTS
Prevalence of MAFLD was 65.6% in men and 61.1% in women with T2DM (P = 0.335). For men, those with MAFLD showed significantly decreased levels of FSH (median (interquartile range (IQR)):7.2 (4.9-11.1) vs. 9.8 (7.1-12.4) mIU/ml) and TT (13.2 (10.4-16.5) vs. 16.7 (12.8-21.6) nmol/L) as well as increased level of FT3 (mean ± standard deviation (SD):4.63 ± 0.68 vs. 4.39 ± 0.85 pmol/L) than those without MAFLD (all p-values < 0.05). After adjusting for potential confounding factors, FSH and LH were negative, while progesterone was positively associated with the risk of MAFLD in men, and the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) (95% confidence intervals (CIs)) were 0.919 (0.856-0.986), 0.888 (0.802-0.983), and 8.069 (2.019-32.258) (all p-values < 0.05), respectively. In women, there was no statistically significant association between sex- or thyroid-related hormones and the risk of MAFLD.
CONCLUSION
FSH and LH levels were negative, whereas progesterone was positively associated with the risk of MAFLD in men with T2DM. Screening for MAFLD and monitoring sex-related hormones are important for T2DM patients, especially in men.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Middle Aged; Cross-Sectional Studies; Thyroid Hormones; China; Risk Factors; Aged; Gonadal Steroid Hormones; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Biomarkers; Adult; Follow-Up Studies; Sex Factors; Prognosis; Fatty Liver
PubMed: 38849804
DOI: 10.1186/s12902-024-01618-0 -
PloS One 2024Postpartum hypogalactia (PH) is prominent during lactation and may negatively impact the mother's or infant's health. Acupuncture is widely used to increase maternal... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Postpartum hypogalactia (PH) is prominent during lactation and may negatively impact the mother's or infant's health. Acupuncture is widely used to increase maternal breast milk production. However, the effects of acupuncture on PH remain unclear. Therefore, this review aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of acupuncture in individuals with PH.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Articles on potentially eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on acupuncture for PH published from database inception to October 2023 were retrieved from the PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, EBSCO, Scopus, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, WanFang, and VIP databases. Two reviewers independently screened the records, extracted essential information, and evaluated the methodological quality of the RCTs using the revised Cochrane risk-of-bias (RoB) tool. The primary outcome was a change in serum prolactin (PRL) levels before and after treatment. Secondary outcomes included milk secretion volume (MSV), total effective rate (TER), mammary fullness degree (MFD), and exclusive breastfeeding rate (EBR). Meta-analyses were performed using RevMan v5.4. Finally, the quality of evidence was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation tool.
RESULTS
This study included 19 RCTs involving 2,400 participants. The included studies were classified as having an unclear to high RoB. Our findings indicated that, overall, acupuncture showed a significant effect in increasing serum PRL levels (standardized mean differences [SMDs] = 1.09, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.50, 1.68), MSV (SMD = 1.69, 95% CI: 0.53, 2.86), TER (relative risk [RR] = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.10, 1.42), and EBR (RR = 2.01, 95% CI: 1.07, 3.78) compared to that in the control group; however, no difference in MFD (SMD = 1.17, 95% CI: -0.09, 2.42) was observed. In the subgroup analysis, acupuncture combined with Chinese herbs or conventional treatment was significantly more effective in increasing serum PRL levels, MSV, and TER than did Chinese herbs or conventional treatment alone. Moreover, acupuncture alone resulted in significantly higher serum PRL levels compared to Chinese herbs; however, this benefit was not observed for TER and MFD. The quality of evidence was critically low.
CONCLUSION
Acupuncture may effectively increase milk secretion in women with PH. However, owing to the low quality of evidence, further rigorously designed studies are warranted to confirm our findings.
Topics: Humans; Acupuncture Therapy; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Female; Postpartum Period; Lactation; Prolactin; Breast Feeding; Treatment Outcome; Galactorrhea; Milk, Human
PubMed: 38843204
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303948 -
Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare 2024The rate of cesarean section is increasing from 15% to 40% in recent years. The type of delivery influences the hormonal, emotional and mental health of the mother,...
BACKGROUND
The rate of cesarean section is increasing from 15% to 40% in recent years. The type of delivery influences the hormonal, emotional and mental health of the mother, which correlates positively or negatively with the health benefits of the newborn. There have been many published studies on kangaroo mother care for mothers undergoing elective cesarean section, but there is still a lack of understanding about emergency cesarean section.
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to evaluate the benefits of KMC practice for mothers undergoing emergency cesarean section in terms of hormone levels such as oxytocin, cortisol, prolactin, interleukin-6 and interleukin-10.
METHODS
This retrospective analysis used remnant serum (KMC group = 16; control group = 9), and clinical data such as KMC practice (15-30 minutes three or four times daily until discharge), breastfeeding initiation time, feeding time, crying time and hospital stay were extracted from the electronic database. All hormone and cytokine expressions were quantitatively determined by ELISA. Comparisons within and between groups were performed using appropriate statistical tests.
RESULTS
In the KMC group, increased levels of the hormone oxytocin significantly reduced cortisol and IL-6 and negatively influenced prolactin and IL-10 levels. The elevated prolactin facilitates overall lactation behaviour, of which 64% reported breastfeeding directly at the breast. The cytokine analysis revealed a reduction in pro-inflammatory cytokines and thereby an improved wound healing was seen in the KMC group.
CONCLUSION
These quantitative results strongly encourage the use of KMC for mothers undergoing emergency cesarean section. These simple yet effective breastfeeding strategies promote maternal and infant health, which can reduce medication use.
PubMed: 38840703
DOI: 10.2147/JMDH.S444172 -
Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews Jun 2024The introduction of sex-as-a-biological-variable policies at funding agencies around the world has led to an explosion of very recent observations of sex differences in... (Review)
Review
The introduction of sex-as-a-biological-variable policies at funding agencies around the world has led to an explosion of very recent observations of sex differences in the biology underlying pain. This review considers evidence of sexually dimorphic mechanisms mediating pain hypersensitivity, derived from modern assays of persistent pain in rodent animal models. Three well-studied findings are described in detail: the male-specific role of spinal cord microglia, the female-specific role of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), and the female-specific role of prolactin and its receptor. Other findings of sex-specific molecular involvement in pain are subjected to pathway analyses and reveal at least one novel hypothesis: that females may preferentially use Th1 and males Th2 T cell activity to mediate chronic pain.
PubMed: 38838876
DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105749 -
Cureus May 2024Hyperprolactinemia is an endocrinological disorder that might arise from various physiologic or pathologic conditions, as well as from pharmacologic sources. These...
Hyperprolactinemia is an endocrinological disorder that might arise from various physiologic or pathologic conditions, as well as from pharmacologic sources. These pharmacologic sources include antidepressants, antipsychotics, and dopamine receptor-blocking agents. Amitriptyline is classified as a tricyclic antidepressant. While it is FDA-approved primarily for the treatment of depression, amitriptyline also demonstrates efficacy in managing various other conditions, such as anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, insomnia, chronic and neuropathic pain, and migraine prevention. We present a case of a 10-year-old patient with a history of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and migraine headaches who was incidentally found to have elevated prolactin levels while taking amitriptyline for migraine prophylaxis. While risperidone, an antipsychotic that can be used for ASD management, is commonly known to induce hyperprolactinemia, the association between amitriptyline and elevated prolactin is less frequently described in the literature. This case underscores the necessity for healthcare providers across various specialties to be aware of amitriptyline-induced hyperprolactinemia.
PubMed: 38826982
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.59604 -
Cureus May 2024Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder among females. PCOS is associated with various metabolic and cardiovascular complications, including...
BACKGROUND
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder among females. PCOS is associated with various metabolic and cardiovascular complications, including insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and an increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. The role of serum prolactin (PRL) in the development of these complications in PCOS is not well understood.
AIM
This study aims to investigate the correlation between serum PRL levels and metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors in Greek women with PCOS.
METHODS
The study utilized secondary outcomes from a prospectively collected patient database at the Third Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School of the University of Athens. Data were collected from patients who visited the Gynecological Endocrinology - Pediatric and Adolescence Endocrinology Outpatient Clinic between January 2007 and December 2015. Measurements of various parameters, including PRL levels, BMI, waist circumference, hormone levels, lipid profiles, and insulin sensitivity, were obtained. Statistical analyses, including Mann-Whitney tests, chi-square tests, Spearman correlations, and multiple linear regression analyses, were conducted using SPSS software (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA).
RESULTS
The study included 247 women with PCOS, with a mean age of 24.7 years. Participants were divided into two groups based on the median PRL level. Women with higher PRL levels (>14.9) had lower BMI and waist circumference, higher levels of certain hormones and insulin sensitivity, and lower levels of fasting insulin, total cholesterol, and total lipids. Factors associated with lower PRL levels included being overweight/obese and smoking more than 10 cigarettes per day. Higher age, BMI, waist circumference, and certain hormone levels were associated with lower PRL levels.
CONCLUSION
The findings suggest a correlation between serum PRL levels and metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors in Greek women with PCOS. Further research is needed to elucidate the role of PRL in the pathophysiology of PCOS and to explore its potential as a diagnostic and therapeutic target.
PubMed: 38826895
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.59430 -
World Journal of Clinical Cases May 2024Pituitary gland metastasis is an unusual event, and pituitary metastasis from lung adenocarcinoma is extremely rare and associated with poor prognosis. To date,...
BACKGROUND
Pituitary gland metastasis is an unusual event, and pituitary metastasis from lung adenocarcinoma is extremely rare and associated with poor prognosis. To date, approximately 15 cases have been reported.
CASE SUMMARY
Here, we present the case of a 64-year-old woman with pituitary metastasis derived from lung adenocarcinoma, which was difficult to distinguish from other sellar tumors. The patient presented to the neurosurgery clinic with blurred vision and intermittent headache. During hospitalization, brain computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a pituitary macroadenoma. Chest CT revealed irregular nodules in the basal segment of the lower lobe of the left lung, which were likely lung cancer. Positron emission tomography-CT revealed a carbohydrate metabolism tumor in the lungs and sellar region, which was considered malignant. Postoperative pathological examination of the sellar tumor revealed lung adenocarcinoma.
CONCLUSION
Excision of pituitary metastases combined with radiotherapy and chemotherapy should be a priority treatment for patients with pituitary metastasis.
PubMed: 38817229
DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v12.i15.2597 -
Journal of Medicine and Life Feb 2024Lactation relies on the secretion of two key hormones, prolactin and oxytocin. Studies have shown that yoga in the postpartum period can stimulate feelings of comfort... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Lactation relies on the secretion of two key hormones, prolactin and oxytocin. Studies have shown that yoga in the postpartum period can stimulate feelings of comfort and relaxation, which increases oxytocin production. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of yoga training on postpartum prolactin and oxytocin levels in a group of primipara women. This quasi-experimental study included 60 healthy primigravida, primipara women in their third trimester who attended antepartum and postpartum care at four primary healthcare centers in Kediri Regency. The participants were randomly allocated to an intervention group ( = 30) and a control ( = 30) group. The intervention group received health education and participated at eight yoga sessions with a duration of 60 min, from week 32 of gestation until the postpartum period. The control group received standard antepartum and postpartum care. Prolactin and oxytocin levels were measured in weeks 1 and 6 postpartum. Mean prolactin increment was significantly higher in the intervention group (176.8 ± 66.6 ng/ml) than the control group (24.8 ± 39.5 ng/ml). Similarly, mean oxytocin increment was significantly higher in the intervention group (58.6 ± 31.59 pg/ml) than the control group (14.6 ± 36.06 pg/ml). Our results suggest that yoga training in the third trimester until the postpartum period increases prolactin and oxytocin levels among primipara postpartum women.
Topics: Humans; Female; Yoga; Prolactin; Oxytocin; Postpartum Period; Adult; Pregnancy; Young Adult
PubMed: 38813356
DOI: 10.25122/jml-2023-0390 -
JCEM Case Reports Jun 2024Desmopressin is increasingly used for the diagnosis of Cushing disease (CD) since corticotropin-releasing hormone became unavailable. We report the case a 32-year-old...
Desmopressin is increasingly used for the diagnosis of Cushing disease (CD) since corticotropin-releasing hormone became unavailable. We report the case a 32-year-old man who presented with overt Cushing syndrome. Morning blood cortisol, ACTH, 1 mg dexamethasone suppression test, 24-hour urinary free cortisol, and bedtime salivary cortisol were highly variable, reaching markedly elevated values. Intravenous desmopressin administration produced no ACTH or cortisol increase. Pituitary magnetic resonance imaging, thoracic computed tomography, and DOTATATE positron emission tomography scan identified no lesion. Inferior petrosal sinus sampling (IPSS) with desmopressin stimulation resulted in elevated central-to-peripheral ACTH ratio and prolactin co-secretion, while peripheral ACTH remained stable. No corticotroph tumor was identified on pituitary surgery pathology. Hypercortisolism persisted postoperatively. Cabergoline was initiated, after which the patient rapidly developed transient severe adrenal insufficiency (AI). Bilateral adrenalectomy was performed in view of persistent hypercortisolism. This is an unusual case of petrosal sinus ACTH response to desmopressin without any peripheral response, suggesting a central source of ACTH. Thus, desmopressin should still be used during IPSS in patients with no peripheral response. It is unclear whether the AI episode resulted from a combination of nadir of cyclic hypercortisolism, partial apoplexy, and response to cabergoline of an occult corticotroph tumor.
PubMed: 38803508
DOI: 10.1210/jcemcr/luae092