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Problemy Endokrinologii Jan 2024To analyze the diagnostic performance of bilateral inferior petrosal sinus sampling (BIPSS) with desmopressin as a stimulation agent and prolactin measurements to...
[Diagnostic value of bilateral inferior petrosal sinus sampling in various modifications and methods of radiation and radionuclide imaging in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of ACTH-dependent endogenous hypercortisolism].
AIM
To analyze the diagnostic performance of bilateral inferior petrosal sinus sampling (BIPSS) with desmopressin as a stimulation agent and prolactin measurements to control catheter position with or without the ACTH/prolactin normalized ratio calculation in the differential diagnosis of ACTH-dependent endogenous hypercortisolism, and the diagnostics performance of ectopic ACTH-syndrome (EAS) visualization.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A single-center diagnostic study with a retrospective analysis of the data was carried out. The study included patients with ACTH-dependent endogenous hypercorticism with no visualization of pituitary adenoma on MRI or adenoma sizes less than 6 mm. All patients underwent BIPSS with and without calculation of the ACTH/prolactin normalized ratio. Visualization of an EAS included pituitary MRI (to exclude EAS), whole-body CT scan with contrast, and somatostatin receptor scintigraphy with 99mTc-Tectrotide and CT (99mTc-Tectrotide SPECT). The final verification was based on immunohistochemical confirmation of the tumor or stable remission of Cushing's disease (CD) after surgical treatment. Statistical data processing was carried out by using IBM SPSS Statistics 23. Confidence intervals were calculated using the JavaStat online calculator.
RESULTS
230 BIPSS were performed in 228 patients (166 women, 62 men), of which 178 patients were verified as CD and 50 cases were EAS of various localization. The effectiveness of catheterization of petrosal sinuses was 96.9%. The sensitivity of BIPSS without ACTH/prolactin ratio calculation (n=70) was 95.9% (95% CI 86.3-98.9), specificity was 92% (95% CI 75.0-97.8), for the BIPSS with additional determination of ACTH/prolactin-normalized ratio (n=51) - 97.3% (95% CI 86.2-99.5) and 93.8% (95% CI 71.7-98.9), respectively. The use of the MRI method for this sample of patients had a sensitivity of 60.2% (95% CI 52.6-67.5), specificity of 59.2% (95% CI 44.2-73.0), the total body CT with contrast has a sensitivity of 74% (95% CI 59.7-85.4), specificity of 100% (95% CI 97.95-100). The diagnostic accuracy for 99mTc-Tectrotide SPECT in NET visualization has a sensitivity of 73.3% (95% CI 44.9-92.2), specificity of 100% (95% CI 95.3-100).
CONCLUSION
BIPSS with desmopressin stimulation and prolactin measurements to control catheter position, as well as the additional calculation of the ACTH/prolactin-normalized ratio, is an optimal method for the differential diagnosis of EAS. Patients who are identified an EAS on BIPSS may be further referred for 99mTc-Tectrotide SPECT and CT for tumor visualization.
Topics: Male; Humans; Female; Cushing Syndrome; Petrosal Sinus Sampling; Deamino Arginine Vasopressin; Retrospective Studies; Diagnosis, Differential; Prolactin; Pituitary ACTH Hypersecretion; ACTH Syndrome, Ectopic; Radionuclide Imaging; Adenoma; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone
PubMed: 38311990
DOI: 10.14341/probl13299 -
Poultry Science Mar 2024A floor egg is an egg that is not laid in the nest, which is a prevalent issue in many fowl breeder farms, lowering egg collection efficiency, hatching performance, and...
A floor egg is an egg that is not laid in the nest, which is a prevalent issue in many fowl breeder farms, lowering egg collection efficiency, hatching performance, and economic benefits. Although the pattern and influencing factors of floor laying have been extensively reported in chickens and ducks, it is not clear in geese. Herein, the Yangzhou goose breeders were selected, and the time and location preferences, genetic and environmental influences, and physiological indexes in floor laying were investigated. The results revealed distinct time and location preferences existed. More floor eggs were laid from 2:00 to 5:00 and 8:00 to 12:00 am, with a concentration observed in the feed trough. Moreover, the proportion of floor eggs was higher at the early stage than at other stages of the laying cycle, and the fast-growing line laid more floor eggs than dual-purpose and high-yielding lines (P < 0.05). In addition to genetic factors, the effect of environmental influences on floor eggs was also surveyed. More floor eggs were observed in the family housing system than in large-group and small-population housing systems, and geese who reared in north-facing houses laid more floor eggs than in south-facing houses (P < 0.05). Physiological indexes were compared between floor-laying and nest-laying geese. Significantly decreased serum progesterone and prolactin levels were detected, alongside down-regulated gene expressions of progesterone receptor in ovaries, oxytocin receptor in both pituitary and ovaries, corticotropin-releasing hormone in ovaries, and dopamine receptor D2 in hypothalamus and ovaries in floor-laying geese compared to nest-laying geese (P < 0.05). In addition, a practical and inexpensive approach of adding a single decoy egg to the nest box effectively reduced the proportion of floor eggs (P < 0.05). Taken together, these data provide scientific information for patterns, genetic and environmental influences, and physiological indexes of floor eggs, thereby contributing to effective control of floor laying in goose breeders' production.
Topics: Animals; Geese; Oviposition; Chickens; Ovum; Meat
PubMed: 38277891
DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103450 -
Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2023Follicular cysts are a common reproductive disorder in mammals that is usually caused by stress. However, the pathogenesis of follicular cysts in sows remains unclear....
Follicular cysts are a common reproductive disorder in mammals that is usually caused by stress. However, the pathogenesis of follicular cysts in sows remains unclear. To provide new insights into the mechanisms of follicular cyst formation in pigs, we conducted a combined transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis on theca interna and mural granulosa cells of follicular cysts and mature follicles. We identified 2,533 up-regulated and 1,355 down-regulated genes in follicular cysts, compared with mature follicles. These differentially expressed genes were mainly found in signaling pathways related to tumor formation and cortisol synthesis and secretion as shown by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis, which predicted 4,362 upstream regulatory factors. The combined gene expression and pathway analysis identified the following genes as potential biomarkers for porcine follicular cysts: . Metabolomics analysis found significant differences in 87 metabolites, which were enriched in unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis, and sphingolipid signaling pathways. These results provide valuable information on the molecular mechanisms of follicular cyst formation, which may facilitate the development of new therapeutics to prevent and treat follicular cysts.
PubMed: 38274662
DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1298132 -
Genes & Diseases May 2024
PubMed: 38274369
DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2023.06.018 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2023
Topics: Humans; Female; Hyperprolactinemia; Prolactin; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
PubMed: 38274234
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1351471 -
Journal of Dairy Science Jun 2024Holstein cattle carrying a prolactin receptor gene mutation (SLICK) exhibit short and sleek hair coats (short-haired Holstein [SLK]) enhancing thermotolerance and...
Thermotolerance capabilities, blood metabolomics, and mammary gland hemodynamics and transcriptomic profiles of slick-haired Holstein cattle during mid lactation in Puerto Rico.
Holstein cattle carrying a prolactin receptor gene mutation (SLICK) exhibit short and sleek hair coats (short-haired Holstein [SLK]) enhancing thermotolerance and productivity compared with wild type-haired Holstein (WT) under tropical conditions. The objectives were to unravel the physiological and molecular mechanisms that confer an advantage to this slick genotype in Puerto Rico and determine potential correlations between metabolites and physiological variables. At 160 ± 3 DIM we compared vaginal temperatures (VT) and voluntary solar radiation exposure (VSRE) during 48 h between 9 SLK and 9 WT Holsteins, whereas a subsample of 7 SLK and 7 WT were used to assess udder skin temperature, mammary gland hemodynamics and transcriptomics, and blood plasma untargeted metabolomics at a single time point. The SLK cattle showed lower VT throughout the day and greater VSRE at 1000 h and 1100 h compared with their WT counterparts. Total mammary blood flow (MBF) was greater in SLK Holsteins compared with WT. The metabolite 9-nitrooctadecenoic acid was identified as a potential biomarker for MBF; moreover, SLK cattle had greater amounts of this metabolite in their plasma. Prostaglandin D2 synthase (PTGS) was upregulated in the slick mammary gland, while plasma prostaglandin D2 was positively correlated with milk yield and increased in SLK Holsteins compared with WT. Interestingly, the arachidonic acid metabolism pathway was enriched in the mammary gland transcriptome and perturbed in the blood metabolome in the SLK Holsteins. In conclusion, SLK Holsteins exhibited lower body temperatures, greater VSRE, enhanced blood supply to the mammary gland, and alterations in genes and metabolites involved in arachidonic acid metabolism at the mammary gland and blood plasma. The usage of the SLK Holstein cattle genetics in dairy operations could be a feasible alternative to mitigate the adverse consequences of heat stress.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Female; Lactation; Mammary Glands, Animal; Puerto Rico; Hemodynamics; Transcriptome; Metabolomics
PubMed: 38246540
DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23878 -
Journal of Translational Medicine Jan 2024Observational studies have suggested an association between multiple sclerosis (MS) and cortical structure, but the results have been inconsistent.
BACKGROUND
Observational studies have suggested an association between multiple sclerosis (MS) and cortical structure, but the results have been inconsistent.
OBJECTIVE
We used two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) to assess the causal relationship between MS and cortical structure.
METHODS
MS data as the exposure trait, including 14,498 cases and 24,091 controls, were obtained from the International Multiple Sclerosis Genetics Consortium. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) data for cortical surface area (SAw/nw) and thickness (THw/nw) in 51,665 individuals of European ancestry were obtained from the ENIGMA Consortium. The inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method was used as the primary analysis for MR. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to evaluate heterogeneity and pleiotropy. Enrichment analysis was performed on MR analyses filtered by sensitivity analysis.
RESULTS
After IVW and sensitivity analysis filtering, only six surviving MR results provided suggestive evidence supporting a causal relationship between MS and cortical structure, including lingual SAw (p = .0342, beta (se) = 5.7127 (2.6969)), parahippocampal SAw (p = .0224, beta (se) = 1.5577 (0.6822)), rostral middle frontal SAw (p = .0154, beta (se) = - 9.0301 (3.7281)), cuneus THw (p = .0418, beta (se) = - 0.0020 (0.0010)), lateral orbitofrontal THw (p = .0281, beta (se) = 0.0025 (0.0010)), and lateral orbitofrontal THnw (p = .0417, beta (se) = 0.0029 (0.0014)). Enrichment analysis suggested that leukocyte cell-related pathways, JAK-STAT signaling pathway, NF-kappa B signaling pathway, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, and prolactin signaling pathway may be involved in the effect of MS on cortical morphology.
CONCLUSION
Our results provide evidence supporting a causal relationship between MS and cortical structure. Enrichment analysis suggests that the pathways mediating brain morphology abnormalities in MS patients are mainly related to immune and inflammation-driven pathways.
Topics: Humans; Genome-Wide Association Study; Mendelian Randomization Analysis; Multiple Sclerosis; Brain Diseases; Causality; Receptors, Cytokine; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
PubMed: 38245759
DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-04892-7 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2023Grapes are an economically important fruit crop, and their polyphenols (mainly phenolic acids, flavanols, flavonols, anthocyanins, proanthocyanidins, and stilbenes) can... (Review)
Review
Grapes are an economically important fruit crop, and their polyphenols (mainly phenolic acids, flavanols, flavonols, anthocyanins, proanthocyanidins, and stilbenes) can exert a wide range of health benefits as an interesting and valuable dietary supplement for natural complementary therapy. However, their potential physiological and therapeutic actions on reproductive processes have not been sufficiently elucidated. This evidence-based study presents current knowledge of grape extracts and polyphenols, as well as their properties and therapeutical actions in relation to female reproduction in a nutshell. Grape extract, and its polyphenols such as resveratrol, proanthocyanidin B2 or delphinidin may influence female reproductive physiology and pathology, as well as regulate multiple signaling pathways related to reproductive hormones, steroid hormones receptors, intracellular regulators of oxidative stress and subsequent inflammation, apoptosis, and proliferation. Their role in the management of ovarian cancer, age-related reproductive insufficiency, ovarian ischemia, PCOS, or menopausal syndrome has been indicated. In particular, the potential involvement of grapeseed extracts and/or proanthocyanidin B2 and delphinidin on ovarian steroidogenesis, oocyte maturation, and developmental capacity has been implicated, albeit at different regulatory levels. Grape polyphenols exert a wide range of health benefits posing grape extract as an interesting and valuable dietary supplement for natural complementary therapy. This evidence-based study focuses on the actions of grapeseed extract and grape polyphenols on female reproductive processes at various regulatory levels and multiple signalling pathways by regulating reproductive hormones (GnRH, gonadotropins, prolactin, steroid hormones, IGFBP), steroid receptors, markers of proliferation and apoptosis. However, lack of knowledge of standardized dosages so far limits their clinical application despite the wide range of their biological and therapeutic potentials.
Topics: Polyphenols; Vitis; Anthocyanins; Plant Extracts; Steroids; Hormones
PubMed: 38239977
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1245512 -
Poultry Science Mar 2024The egg-laying interval (LI) directly reflects the laying performance of breeding pigeons, influenced by reproductive hormones. This study aimed to assess reproductive...
The egg-laying interval (LI) directly reflects the laying performance of breeding pigeons, influenced by reproductive hormones. This study aimed to assess reproductive hormone levels in serum and the expression of related genes and their receptors in the hypothalamus and pituitary gland in 4 stages: first (LI1), third (LI3), fifth (LI5), and seventh (LI7) days. The results showed that serum gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) level decreased from LI1 to LI7 (P < 0.01) and peaked in LI1. The serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels stayed at high levels from LI1 to LI5. The FSH level decreased slightly from LI5 to LI7 (P > 0.05), but the LH level decreased rapidly (P < 0.01). The prolactin (PRL) levels significantly increased in LI5 (P < 0.01) compared with LI1 and then stayed at a high level. The GnRH1 expression in the hypothalamus had no significant change in LI (P > 0.05). However, the GnRHR first decreased from LI1 to LI3 (P < 0.05) and then increased. The FSH mRNA level in the pituitary gland decreased from LI1 to LI3 and slightly increased in LI5 (P > 0.05). The change pattern of FSHR was similar to that of FSH and peaked in LI5 (P < 0.05). The LH expression level was the highest in LI5 and significantly higher than that in LI3 and LI7 (P < 0.05). However, the LHR mRNA level decreased in LI (P < 0.05). The expression patterns of PRL and PRLR were similar; they were upregulated in LI and peaked in LI7 (P < 0.01). The expression pattern of GnRHR was similar to that of FSH, LH, and FSHR, suggesting the critical role of GnRHR in LI. Furthermore, the expression levels of these genes peaked in LI5, closely correlating with the maturation of the first largest follicle in pigeons. PRL-PRLR signaling inhibited GnRH activity to promote ovulation. This study provided a basis for further investigating the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of reproduction in pigeons.
Topics: Animals; Female; Columbidae; Chickens; Hypothalamus; Pituitary Gland; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; RNA, Messenger; Follicle Stimulating Hormone; Gene Expression
PubMed: 38228063
DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103422 -
Acta Medica Indonesiana Oct 2023Breast cancer is among the deadliest gynecology cancers in the world. However, the management of advanced-stage breast cancer is often harder as a result of... (Review)
Review
Breast cancer is among the deadliest gynecology cancers in the world. However, the management of advanced-stage breast cancer is often harder as a result of chemoresistance. This review aimed to discover the effect of bromocriptine on prolactin-positive breast cancer patients who received anthracycline-based chemotherapy. It is known that anthracycline works by inhibiting topoisomerase IIα (TOP2A), forming free radicals, binding DNA, and altering cell homeostasis, hence stopping the cell cycle and inducing cell death. However, reduction of TOP2A expression and increased glutathione s-transferase (GST) and ATP-binding cassette (ATP) membrane activity increase anthracycline efflux from the cell membrane, hence reducing its effectivity. Prolactin is one of the most common chemoresistance agents whose complex with its receptor will induce JAK/STAT pathway to increase GST. The regulation of Bcl-2 and ERK was also determined by prolactin. Bromocriptine is an agonist of the D2 dopamine receptor that inhibits adenyl cyclase and a D1 dopamine weak antagonist. Bromocriptine could reduce prolactin serum and receptors in various cases. Some studies have found that bromocriptine could improve the effectiveness of chemotherapy regimens, including cancer-related hyperprolactinemia, breast cancer that underwent cisplatin, and taxanes. Therefore, bromocriptine offers potential as it could improve outcomes and reduce resistance in prolactin-positive breast cancer patients who are administered anthracycline-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
Topics: Female; Humans; Adenosine Triphosphate; Anthracyclines; Breast Neoplasms; Bromocriptine; Janus Kinases; Prolactin; Signal Transduction; STAT Transcription Factors
PubMed: 38213041
DOI: No ID Found