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World Journal of Clinical Cases Nov 2023Kommerell's diverticulum (KD) with aberrant left subclavian artery is a rare congenital deformity and also has very little research literature about it (35% of case...
BACKGROUND
Kommerell's diverticulum (KD) with aberrant left subclavian artery is a rare congenital deformity and also has very little research literature about it (35% of case study). There are three types of aortic arch diverticulum. Even literature concerning the treatment options are limited.
CASE SUMMARY
We present a case report of a 50-year-old male with KD in the right aortic arch with aberrant left subclavian artery. We conducted a total endovascular repair procedure, which is innovative and will spread more light in the medical world. Our patient has no past medical history and is a non-smoker and non-alcoholic. Patient presented with shortness of breath, chest pain and dizziness for six months. Blood tests were done and computerized tomography (CT) angiogram of the chest confirmed the diagnosis, illustrating showed a 3.9 cm KD. On Day 1, the CT angiogram showed mild dilatation of the thoracic aorta, adjacent esophagus, trachea was compressed and displaced. Surgery was planned as the treatment modality. Carotid-Subclavian artery bypass and endovascular aortic repair was conducted. We used prolene 5-0 C1 sutures to precisely anastomose a 6-mm Dacron graft to the left subclavian artery. Haemostasis was secured and wounds were closed. Protamine was administered and patient was shifted to intensive care unit. Post-operative, patient responded favorably and was discharged. Regular follow-up is done.
CONCLUSION
The procedure we performed is novel. This will help the cardio-thoracic surgeons a better insight about the full procedures we conducted, thereby bringing more light and better treatment options in managing KD with aberrant subclavian artery.
PubMed: 38075577
DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v11.i33.8038 -
RSC Advances Nov 2023We prepared a protamine-monododecyl phosphate composite by mixing protamine (P) and a monododecyl phosphate (MDP). This P-MDP composite formed an acid-base complex by...
We prepared a protamine-monododecyl phosphate composite by mixing protamine (P) and a monododecyl phosphate (MDP). This P-MDP composite formed an acid-base complex by the electrostatic interaction between cationic protamine and the negatively charged phosphate group. Additionally, according to the X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements, the composite formed a self-assembled lamellar structure with an interaction between the long alkyl chains of MDP. As a result, the P-MDP composite showed the proton conductivity of 9.5 × 10 S cm at 120-130 °C under anhydrous conditions. Furthermore, the activation energy of the proton conduction of the P-MDP composite was approximately 0.18 eV. These results suggested that the proton conduction of the P-MDP composite was based on an anhydrous proton conductive mechanism. In contrast, the anhydrous proton conduction of the P-methanediphosphonic acid (MP) composite, which did not form the self-assembled lamellar structure, was 3 × 10 S cm at 120-130 °C and this value was one order of magnitude lower than that of the P-MDP composite. Therefore, the two-dimensional self-assembled proton conductive pathway of the P-MDP composite plays a role in the anhydrous proton conduction.
PubMed: 38035249
DOI: 10.1039/d3ra07191j -
Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2023Administering more than 10 times the therapeutic dose of insulin is extremely rare in diabetic dogs and is life threatening with hypoglycemia and seizures if not...
Administering more than 10 times the therapeutic dose of insulin is extremely rare in diabetic dogs and is life threatening with hypoglycemia and seizures if not accompanied by appropriate treatment. A 15-year-old, castrated male miniature poodle dog managed for diabetes presented with depression, disorientation, ataxia, and cluster seizures. The dog had been administered 11.1 U/kg of neutral protamine hegadorn (NPH) insulin (10 times the prescribed dose) 3 h before the onset of symptoms. Blood analysis revealed hypoglycemia, with a circulating glucose level of <50 mg/dL. To treat the hypoglycemia-induced seizures, dextrose was repeatedly administered intravenously. Repeated generalized seizures were treated with anticonvulsants and intermittent mannitol. Since refractory hypoglycemia persisted 24 h after the insulin overdose, it was decided to proceed with glucagon treatment (15-30 ng/kg/min titrated to the blood glucose level after a loading dose of 50 ng/kg intravenous bolus infusion). After 37 h of glucagon treatment, blood glucose levels stabilized. After entering a hyperglycemic state, NPH insulin was administered to manage insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. This is the first case documented of successful treatment with glucagon, anticonvulsants and intermittent mannitol for refractory hypoglycemia and seizure caused by fatal insulin overdose. Thus, it has great clinical value in veterinary medicine.
PubMed: 38026640
DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1255701 -
Medicine Nov 2023In the process of spermatogenesis and maturation, histones of the sperm nucleus were gradually replaced by protamine. Abnormal sperm nucleoprotein histotype conversion...
In the process of spermatogenesis and maturation, histones of the sperm nucleus were gradually replaced by protamine. Abnormal sperm nucleoprotein histotype conversion can make sperm DNA unstable and affect sperm function. The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of high and low proportion of sperm histone positivity in semen sample on embryonic development and assisted reproductive technology results, and to evaluate its diagnostic value in assisted reproduction. Sperm nuclear status was detected with aniline blue staining. Under acidic conditions, aniline blue combines with histones rich in lysine residues to form blue compounds. The groups were divided according to the critical value of sperm histone positive ratio of 30%. Using the intracytoplasmic sperm injection procedure, the fertilization rate and normal fertilization rate in the normal sperm histone positive ratio group were significantly higher than those in the abnormal group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < .001). Using the in vitro fertilization procedure, the effect of sperm histone positive ratio on each index was not statistically different. Overall the study provides some preliminary evidence that abnormal sperm histones may be a factor that affects the fertilization success of intracytoplasmic sperm injection procedures. However, more research is needed to confirm this finding to determine the exact mechanism by which abnormal sperm histones affect fertilization.
Topics: Pregnancy; Female; Humans; Male; Histones; Chromatin; Semen; Spermatozoa; Fertilization in Vitro; Embryonic Development
PubMed: 38013277
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000036113 -
International Journal of Molecular... Nov 2023Sperm DNA integrity and chromatin status serve as pivotal indicators of sperm quality, given their intricate link to sperm function, embryo development, and overall...
Sperm DNA integrity and chromatin status serve as pivotal indicators of sperm quality, given their intricate link to sperm function, embryo development, and overall fertility. Defects in chromatin compaction, which are often associated with compromised protamine content, can lead to damaged DNA strands. In this study, the chromatin status and possible correlation with DNA damage was assessed in males of three mouse species: , , and . We employed various staining methods, including aniline blue, methylene blue (Diff-Quik), toluidine blue, and chromomycin A3, to assess chromatin compaction in cauda epididymal sperm. Samples were also analyzed by the sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA) to estimate DNA fragmentation (%tDFI, %HDS). Analyses were carried out on freshly collected sperm and cells incubated for 3 h in a HEPES-buffered modified Tyrode's medium simulating conditions of the female reproductive tract. Notably, the analysis of chromatin status yielded minimal abnormal values across all three species employing diverse methodologies. SCSA analyses revealed distinct variations in %tDFI between species. Following sperm incubation, the percentages of sperm stained with methylene blue exhibited differences among the species and were significantly correlated to the DNA fragmentation index. HDS demonstrated correlations with the percentages of sperm stained by aniline blue, methylene blue, and chromomycin A3. Overall, chromatin compaction was high across all species, with limited differences among them. The relationship between chromatin status and DNA integrity appeared to be related to levels of sperm competition among species.
Topics: Male; Female; Mice; Animals; Chromatin; Methylene Blue; DNA Fragmentation; Chromomycin A3; Semen; Spermatozoa; DNA; Aniline Compounds
PubMed: 37958937
DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115954 -
Science (New York, N.Y.) Nov 2023The global replacement of histones with protamines in sperm chromatin is widespread in animals, including insects, but its actual function remains enigmatic. We show...
The global replacement of histones with protamines in sperm chromatin is widespread in animals, including insects, but its actual function remains enigmatic. We show that in the paternal effect mutant (), sperm chromatin retains germline histones H3 and H4 genome wide without impairing sperm viability. However, after fertilization, sperm chromosomes are targeted by the egg chromosomal passenger complex and engage into a catastrophic premature division in synchrony with female meiosis II. We show that encodes a rapidly evolving transition protein specifically required for the eviction of (H3-H4) tetramers from spermatid DNA after the removal of H2A-H2B dimers. Our study thus reveals an unsuspected role of histone eviction from insect sperm chromatin: safeguarding the integrity of the male pronucleus during female meiosis.
Topics: Animals; Female; Male; Chromatin; Drosophila Proteins; Fertilization; Histones; Spermatozoa; Drosophila melanogaster; Amidine-Lyases; DNA Packaging; Paternal Inheritance
PubMed: 37943933
DOI: 10.1126/science.adh0037 -
Journal of Animal Science and... Nov 2023Protamination and condensation of sperm chromatin as well as DNA integrity play an essential role during fertilization and embryo development. In some mammals, like...
BACKGROUND
Protamination and condensation of sperm chromatin as well as DNA integrity play an essential role during fertilization and embryo development. In some mammals, like pigs, ejaculates are emitted in three separate fractions: pre-sperm, sperm-rich (SRF) and post sperm-rich (PSRF). These fractions are known to vary in volume, sperm concentration and quality, as well as in the origin and composition of seminal plasma (SP), with differences being also observed within the SRF one. Yet, whether disparities in the DNA integrity and chromatin condensation and protamination of their sperm exist has not been interrogated.
RESULTS
This study determined chromatin protamination (Chromomycin A3 test, CMA), condensation (Dibromobimane test, DBB), and DNA integrity (Comet assay) in the pig sperm contained in the first 10 mL of the SRF (SRF-P1), the remaining portion of the sperm-rich fraction (SRF-P2), and the post sperm-rich fraction (PSRF). While chromatin protamination was found to be similar between the different ejaculate fractions (P > 0.05), chromatin condensation was seen to be greater in SRF-P1 and SRF-P2 than in the PSRF (P = 0.018 and P = 0.004, respectively). Regarding DNA integrity, no differences between fractions were observed (P > 0.05). As the SRF-P1 has the highest sperm concentration and ejaculate fractions are known to differ in antioxidant composition, the oxidative stress index (OSi) in SP, calculated as total oxidant activity divided by total antioxidant capacity, was tested and confirmed to be higher in the SRF-P1 than in SRF-P2 and PSRF (0.42 ± 0.06 vs. 0.23 ± 0.09 and 0.08 ± 0.00, respectively; P < 0.01); this index, in addition, was observed to be correlated to the sperm concentration of each fraction (Rs = 0.973; P < 0.001).
CONCLUSION
While sperm DNA integrity was not found to differ between ejaculate fractions, SRF-P1 and SRF-P2 were observed to exhibit greater chromatin condensation than the PSRF. This could be related to the OSi of each fraction.
PubMed: 37926841
DOI: 10.1186/s40104-023-00938-w -
Asian Journal of Andrology Oct 2023Aberrant sperm protamination is linked to sperm dysmorphology and nuclear chromatin condensation. Yet, its effects on sperm cytoplasmic maturation remain largely...
Aberrant sperm protamination is linked to sperm dysmorphology and nuclear chromatin condensation. Yet, its effects on sperm cytoplasmic maturation remain largely unexplored. The relationships of protamines, sperm morphology, DNA damage, and cytoplasmic remodeling were illustrated in this study to provide fresh perspectives on the mechanisms of male infertility. A total of 205 infertile males were allocated into 5 groups according to the percentage of spermatozoa exhibiting abnormal morphology within their samples. Sperm concentration, motility, abnormal sperm morphology, cytoplasmic droplets (CDs), and excess residual cytoplasm (ERC) were analyzed according to the World Health Organization manual (2010). Sperm nuclear vacuoles (NVs) were determined by propidium iodide (PI) staining. Sperm protamine expressions (P1 and P2) were detected by western blot. DNA damage was measured by acridine orange test (AOT) to calculate the proportion of sperm with single-strand DNA breaks (SSBs). Our data showed that sperm concentration and motility in infertile males significantly decreased with the severity of abnormal sperm morphology (both P < 0.01). P1 level, P1/P2 ratio, and SSB rate increased with the severity of sperm dysmorphology, whilst the P2 level decreased (all P < 0.01). NVs, CDs, and ERC were more common in males with sperm dysmorphology and positively correlated with the SSB rate (all P < 0.01). The relationships between the SSB rate and the P1/P2 ratio were also significant (P < 0.01). Aberrant protamination may cause sperm dysmorphology and compromise male fertility by impairing sperm's nucleus and cytoplasm maturation, with the P1/P2 ratio potentially serving as a valuable indicator of sperm quality and male fertility.
PubMed: 37921517
DOI: 10.4103/aja202360 -
IScience Nov 2023Genetic studies have elucidated the critical roles of Phf7 in germline development in animals; however, the exact etiology of Phf7 mutations leading to male infertility...
Genetic studies have elucidated the critical roles of Phf7 in germline development in animals; however, the exact etiology of Phf7 mutations leading to male infertility and the possibility of mechanism-based therapy are still unclear and warrant further investigation. Using the Phf7 knockout mouse model, we verified that genetic defects were responsible for male infertility by preventing histone-to-protamine exchange, as previously reported. The deficiency of spermatogenesis caused by Phf7 deletion through the endogenous retrovirus-mediated activation of the immune pathway is a common mechanism of infertility. Furthermore, we identified PPARα as a promising target of immunity and inflammation in the testis, where endogenous retroviruses are suppressed, and Phf7 as a crucial regulator of endogenous retrovirus-mediated immune regulation and revealed its role as an epigenetic reader. The loss of Phf7 activates immune pathways, which can be rescued by the PPARα agonist astaxanthin. These results showed that astaxanthin is a potential therapeutic agent for treating male infertility. The findings in our study provide insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying male infertility and suggest potential targets for future research and therapeutic development.
PubMed: 37920670
DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108030 -
Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular... Jan 2024To study the quantitative potency of plasma albumin on cardioprotection in terms of creatinine kinase-myocardial band mass (CK-MBm) in on-pump cardiac surgery. (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
OBJECTIVES
To study the quantitative potency of plasma albumin on cardioprotection in terms of creatinine kinase-myocardial band mass (CK-MBm) in on-pump cardiac surgery.
DESIGN
Post hoc analysis of a double-blinded randomized clinical trial.
SETTING
Single-center study in the Helsinki University Hospital.
PARTICIPANTS
A total of 1,386 adult on-pump cardiac surgical patients.
INTERVENTION
Administration of 4% albumin (n = 693) or Ringers acetate (n = 693) for cardiopulmonary bypass priming and volume replacement intraoperatively and postoperatively during the first 24 hours.
MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS
Albumin concentration was measured preoperatively and intraoperatively (after protamine administration), and CK-MBm on the first postoperative morning. Multivariate linear regression analyses were measured in the whole cohort and the Ringer group. Plasma albumin concentration did not differ between the groups preoperatively (Ringer v albumin: 38.3 ± 5.0 g/L v 38.6 ± 4.5 g/L; p = 0.171) but differed intraoperatively (29.5 ± 5.2 g/L v 41.5 ± 6.0 g/L; p < 0.001). Creatinine kinase-myocardial band mass was higher in the Ringer (32.0 ± 34.8 μg/L) than in the albumin group (24.3 ± 33.0 μg/L) (p < 0.001). Aortic cross-clamping time associated with CK-MBm in the whole cohort (standardized β = 0.376 [95% CI 0.315-0.437], p < 0.001) and the Ringer group (β = 0.363 [0.273-0.452]; p < 0.001). Albumin administration in the whole cohort (β = -0.156 [-0.201 to -0.111]; p < 0.001) and high intraoperative albumin concentration in the Ringer group (β = -0.07 [-0.140 to -0.003]; p = 0.04) associated with reduced CK-MBm. Compared with ischemia-induced increase in CK-MBm, albumin's potency to reduce CK-MBm was 41% in the whole cohort (β-value ratio of -0.156/0.376) and 19% in the Ringer group (β-value ratio of -0.07/0.363).
CONCLUSION
Both endogenous and exogenous albumin appear to be cardioprotective regarding CK-MBm release in on-pump cardiac surgery.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Creatinine; Cardiac Surgical Procedures; Serum Albumin
PubMed: 37891142
DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2023.09.028