-
Dose-response : a Publication of... 2024This study focuses on the investigation of the significance of polymers in drug delivery approaches. The carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and...
This study focuses on the investigation of the significance of polymers in drug delivery approaches. The carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and dextrin-based hydrogel membrane were prepared and employed for the sustained release of third-generation oral antibiotic (cefixime). Different proportions of CMC, PVA and dextrin were blended and hydrogel membranes were fabricated via solvent casting method. The prepared membrane was characterized by FTIR, SEM, UV-visible, TGA and swelling analysis. Cefixime drug was incorporated in the CMC/PVA/dextrin matrix and drug release was investigated. The sustained release of the tested drug (cefixime) was investigated and the drug was released in 120 min in the phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) solution. The antibacterial activity of the prepared membrane was promising against , and strains. The swelling capabilities, thermal stability and non-toxic nature of the prepared CMC/PVA/dextrin membrane could have potential applications for cefixime drug in delivery in a controlled way for the treatment of infectious diseases.
PubMed: 38912332
DOI: 10.1177/15593258241264951 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jun 2024Overuse of antimicrobials has greatly contributed to the increase in the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria, a situation that hinders the control and treatment of...
Overuse of antimicrobials has greatly contributed to the increase in the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria, a situation that hinders the control and treatment of infectious diseases. This is the case with urinary tract infections (UTIs), which represent a substantial percentage of worldwide public health problems, thus the need to look for alternatives for their control and treatment. Previous studies have shown the usefulness of autologous bacterial lysates as an alternative for the treatment and control of UTIs. However, a limitation is the high cost of producing individual immunogens. At the same time, an important aspect of vaccines is their immunogenic amplitude, which is the reason why they must be constituted of diverse antigenic components. In the case of UTIs, the etiology of the disease is associated with different bacteria, and even , the main causal agent of the disease, is made up of several antigenic variants. In this work, we present results on the study of a bacterial lysate composed of 10 serotypes of and by , , , , , and . The safety of the compound was tested on cells in culture and in an animal model, and its immunogenic capacity by analysing in vitro human and murine macrophages (cell line J774 A1). The results show that the polyvalent lysate did not cause damage to the cells in culture or alterations in the animal model used. The immunostimulatory activity assay showed that it activates the secretion of TNF-α and IL-6 in human macrophages and TNF-α in murine cells. The obtained results suggest that the polyvalent lysate evaluated can be an alternative for the treatment and control of chronic urinary tract infections, which will reduce the use of antimicrobials.
Topics: Urinary Tract Infections; Animals; Humans; Mice; Escherichia coli; Female; Cell Extracts; Bacterial Lysates
PubMed: 38892345
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116157 -
BMC Microbiology Jun 2024This study aims to conduct an in-depth genomic analysis of a carbapenem-resistant Proteus mirabilis strain to uncover the distribution and mechanisms of its resistance...
OBJECTIVE
This study aims to conduct an in-depth genomic analysis of a carbapenem-resistant Proteus mirabilis strain to uncover the distribution and mechanisms of its resistance genes.
METHODS
The research primarily utilized whole-genome sequencing to analyze the genome of the Proteus mirabilis strain. Additionally, antibiotic susceptibility tests were conducted to evaluate the strain's sensitivity to various antibiotics, and related case information was collected to analyze the clinical distribution characteristics of the resistant strain.
RESULTS
Study on bacterial strain WF3430 from a tetanus and pneumonia patient reveals resistance to multiple antibiotics due to extensive use. Whole-genome sequencing exposes a 4,045,480 bp chromosome carrying 29 antibiotic resistance genes. Two multidrug-resistant (MDR) gene regions, resembling Tn6577 and Tn6589, were identified (MDR Region 1: 64.83 Kb, MDR Region 2: 85.64 Kbp). These regions, consist of integrative and conjugative elements (ICE) structures, highlight the intricate multidrug resistance in clinical settings.
CONCLUSION
This study found that a CR-PMI strain exhibits a unique mechanism for acquiring antimicrobial resistance genes, such as bla, located on the chromosome instead of plasmids. According to the results, there is increasing complexity in the mechanisms of horizontal transmission of resistance, necessitating a comprehensive understanding and implementation of targeted control measures in both hospital and community settings.
Topics: Proteus mirabilis; beta-Lactamases; Humans; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Proteus Infections; Whole Genome Sequencing; Bacterial Proteins; Chromosomes, Bacterial; Genome, Bacterial; Carbapenems
PubMed: 38890647
DOI: 10.1186/s12866-024-03365-7 -
Scientific Reports Jun 2024A composite of Zinc oxide loaded with 5-weight % silver decorated on carbon nanotubes (Ag-loaded ZnO: CNT) was synthesized using a simple refluxed chemical method. The...
A composite of Zinc oxide loaded with 5-weight % silver decorated on carbon nanotubes (Ag-loaded ZnO: CNT) was synthesized using a simple refluxed chemical method. The influence of deviation in the weight % of carbon nanotube loading on photocatalytic dye degradation (methylene blue and rose bengal) and antibiotic (antimicrobial and antifungal) performance was investigated in this study. The light capture ability of Ag-loaded ZnO:CNT in the visible region was higher in photocatalytic activity than that of Ag-loaded ZnO and ZnO:CNT. The bandgap of the Ag-loaded ZnO: CNT was tuned owing to the surface plasmon resonance effect. The photocatalytic degradation investigations were optimized by varying the wt% in CNTs, pH of dye solution, concentration of the dye solution, and amount of catalytic dose. Around 100% photocatalytic efficiency in 2 min against MB dye was observed for Ag doped ZnO with 10 wt% CNT composite at pH 9, at a rate constant 1.48 min. Bipolaris sorokiniana fungus was first time tested against a composite material, which demonstrated optimum fungal inhibition efficiency of 48%. They were also tested against the bacterial strains Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cerius, Proteus vulgaris, and Salmonella typhimurium, which showed promising antibacterial activity compared to commercially available drugs. The composite of Ag doped ZnO with 5 wt% CNT has shown competitive zone inhibition efficacy of 21.66 ± 0.57, 15.66 ± 0.57, 13.66 ± 0.57 against bacterial strains Bacillus cerius, Proteus vulgaris, and Salmonella typhimurium which were tested for the first time against Ag-loaded ZnO:CNT.
Topics: Zinc Oxide; Silver; Nanotubes, Carbon; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Catalysis; Antifungal Agents; Staphylococcus aureus; Methylene Blue; Coloring Agents; Rose Bengal; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Salmonella typhimurium; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Photolysis; Photochemical Processes
PubMed: 38890495
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64746-6 -
Heliyon Jun 2024The accurate estimation of the postmortem interval has been one of the crucial issues to be solved in forensic research, and it is influenced by various factors in the...
The accurate estimation of the postmortem interval has been one of the crucial issues to be solved in forensic research, and it is influenced by various factors in the process of decay. With the development of high-throughput sequencing technology, forensic microbiology has become the major hot topic in forensic science, which provides new research options for postmortem interval estimation. The oral microbial community is one of the most diverse of microbiomes, ranking as the second most abundant microbiota following the gastrointestinal tract. It is remarkable that oral microorganisms have a significant function in the decay process of cadavers. Therefore, we collected outdoor soil to simulate the death environment and focused on the relationship between oral microbial community succession and PMI in rats above the soil. In addition, linear regression models and random forest regression models were developed for the relationship between the relative abundance of oral microbes and PMI. We also identified a number of microorganisms that may be important to estimate PMI, including: , , , , , , , , , , , and so on.
PubMed: 38882314
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31897 -
Annales D'endocrinologie Jun 2024Lipomatoses are benign proliferation of adipose tissue. Lipomas (benign fat tumors) are the most common component of lipomatosis. They may be unique or multiple,... (Review)
Review
Lipomatoses are benign proliferation of adipose tissue. Lipomas (benign fat tumors) are the most common component of lipomatosis. They may be unique or multiple, encapsulated or not, subcutaneous or sometimes visceral. In some cases, they form large areas of non-encapsulated fat hypertrophy, with a variable degree of fibrosis. They can develop despite the absence of obesity. They may be familial or acquired. At difference with lipodystrophy syndromes, they are not associated with lipoatrophy areas, except in some rare cases such as type 2 familial partial lipodystrophy syndromes (FPLD2). Their metabolic impact is variable in part depending on associated obesity. They may have functional or aesthetic consequences. Lipomatosis may be isolated, be part of a syndrome, or may be visceral. Isolated lipomatoses include multiple symmetrical lipomatosis (Madelung disease or Launois-Bensaude syndrome), familial multiple lipomatosis, the painful Dercum's disease also called Adiposis Dolorosa or Ander syndrome, mesosomatic lipomatosis also called Roch-Leri lipomatosis, familial angiolipomatosis, lipedema and hibernomas. Syndromic lipomatoses include PIK3CA-related disorders, Cowden/PTEN hamartomas-tumor syndrome, some lipodystrophy syndromes, and mitochondrial diseases, especially MERRF, multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1, neurofibromatosis type 1, Wilson disease, Pai or Haberland syndromes. Finally, visceral lipomatoses have been reported in numerous organs and sites: pancreatic, adrenal, abdominal, epidural, mediastinal, epicardial… The aim of this review is to present the main types of lipomatosis and their physiopathological component, when it is known.
Topics: Humans; Lipomatosis; Lipoma; Lipomatosis, Multiple Symmetrical; Lipodystrophy; Adipose Tissue; Adiposis Dolorosa
PubMed: 38871514
DOI: 10.1016/j.ando.2024.05.003 -
Acute and Critical Care May 2024Polymicrobial infections are the leading causes of complications incurred from injuries that burn patients develop. Such patients admitted to the hospital have a high...
Polymicrobial infections are the leading causes of complications incurred from injuries that burn patients develop. Such patients admitted to the hospital have a high risk of developing hospital-acquired infections, with longer patient stays leading to increased chances of acquiring such drug-resistant infections. Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Proteus mirabilis are the most common multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria identified in burn wound infections (BWIs). BWIs caused by viruses, like Herpes Simplex and Varicella Zoster, and fungi-like Candida spp. appear to occur occasionally. However, the preponderance of infection by opportunistic pathogens is very high in burn patients. Variations in the causative agents of BWIs are due to differences in geographic location and infection control measures. Overall, burn injuries are characterized by elevated serum cytokine levels, systemic immune response, and immunosuppression. Hence, early detection and treatment can accelerate the wound-healing process and reduce the risk of further infections at the site of injury. A multidisciplinary collaboration between burn surgeons and infectious disease specialists is also needed to properly monitor antibiotic resistance in BWI pathogens, help check the super-spread of MDR pathogens, and improve treatment outcomes as a result.
PubMed: 38863352
DOI: 10.4266/acc.2023.01571 -
Journal of Arthropod-borne Diseases Sep 2023Cockroaches play a role in the mechanical transmission of microbial pathogens. This study was designed to determine the isolated bacteria and their susceptibility to...
BACKGROUND
Cockroaches play a role in the mechanical transmission of microbial pathogens. This study was designed to determine the isolated bacteria and their susceptibility to conventional antibiotics from brown-banded cockroach, in Qom province, central Iran.
METHODS
In this cross-sectional study, brown-banded cockroaches were bred in an insectary and caught from hospitals of Qom. The samples were taken from the surface and alimentary canal and then cultured on microbial culture media; next, grown specimens were identified using differential culture media. Finally, after performing diagnostic tests and identifying the bacteria species, their susceptibility to various antibiotics was evaluated.
RESULTS
A total of 120 adult cockroaches from the insectary and hospitals were included in the study. Ten bacterial genera were found; nine were Gram-negative and one was Gram-positive. The genus , , , and were isolated only from the hospital strain. On the other hand, and from both groups and other species such as , and were isolated only from laboratory strains. The highest antibiotic resistance among Gram-positive cocci and Gram-negative bacilli were 100.0% and 98.1% for ampicillin and Ceftazidime, respectively.
CONCLUSION
The results of this study showed that various pathogenic bacteria harbored by brown-banded cockroaches. Moreover, it was found that most of these bacteria belong to the family, which can be pathogenic and thus threaten human health.
PubMed: 38860199
DOI: 10.18502/jad.v17i3.14981 -
Cureus May 2024An uncommon congenital hamartomatous disorder called Proteus syndrome is characterized by multifocal tissue expansion originating from all three germinal layers....
An uncommon congenital hamartomatous disorder called Proteus syndrome is characterized by multifocal tissue expansion originating from all three germinal layers. Diagnosis mainly relies on clinical and radiological criteria. Here, we present a case of a 13-year-old female child exhibiting bony, soft tissue, and vascular abnormalities, along with developmental delay. We conclude by highlighting the importance of imaging studies in conjunction with physical examination, which are characterized by general and specific criteria to diagnose this rare condition until a specific gene test becomes available.
PubMed: 38860105
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.60072 -
Skin Health and Disease Jun 2024Incontinence Associated Dermatitis (IAD) is a type of skin inflammation caused by chronic exposure to urine and/or faeces. Current treatment strategies involve creating...
BACKGROUND
Incontinence Associated Dermatitis (IAD) is a type of skin inflammation caused by chronic exposure to urine and/or faeces. Current treatment strategies involve creating a barrier between the skin and urine/faeces rather than targeting specific irritants. Urease expressing pathogens catalyse the conversion of urea, present in urine, into ammonia. The accumulation of ammonia causes an elevation in skin pH which is believed to activate faecal enzymes which damage skin, and opportunistic pathogens, which lead to secondary infections.
OBJECTIVES
To develop a better, multi-factorial model of IAD pathogenesis, including the effect of urease-expressing bacteria on skin, mechanism of damage of urease and urease-triggered activity of faecal enzymes and secondary pathogens. To study the effect of urease inhibition on preventing IAD skin damage.
METHODS
Five separate studies were made using ex vivo porcine skin and in vivo human skin models. Measurements of the change in skin barrier function were made using skin impedance, trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL), stratum corneum moisture and pH. Skin was exposed to artificial urine, inoculated with various microbes, enzymes and chemicals to examine the influence of: 1) urease-positive 2) ammonia, 3) combination of and a faecal enzyme, trypsin, 4) combination of and opportunistic pathogens, and , 5) inhibition of urease using acetohydroxamic acid (AHA) on barrier function.
RESULTS
The urease-mediated production of ammonia had two principal effects: it elevated skin pH and caused inflammation, leading to significant breakdown in skin (stratum corneum) barrier function. Urease was found to further increase the activity of faecal enzymes and opportunistic pathogens, due to elevated skin pH. The urease inhibitor, AHA, was shown to have significantly reduced damage to skin barrier function, measured as its electrical resistance.
CONCLUSIONS
Targeted therapeutic strategies should be developed to prevent the manifestation of IAD, rather than creating a generic barrier between skin and urine/faeces. Urease has been identified as a crucial component in the manifestation of IAD, due to its role in the production of ammonia. Urease inhibition provides a promising therapeutic target to halt the progression of IAD.
PubMed: 38846694
DOI: 10.1002/ski2.349