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European Urology Open Science May 2024Recurrent urinary tract infection (rUTI) remains a major health burden for women. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (RCT; NCT02543827) reported that...
BACKGROUND
Recurrent urinary tract infection (rUTI) remains a major health burden for women. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (RCT; NCT02543827) reported that female patients with rUTI receiving a sublingual vaccine, MV140, had a reduction in rUTI and increase in UTI-free rate compared with placebo.
OBJECTIVE
To determine the impact of MV140 on the personal burden of disease in women with rUTI using secondary endpoint data from the pivotal RCT evaluating MV140.
DESIGN SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS
In the primary RCT, female patients with rUTI enrolled in Spain and UK (from October 2015 to April 2019) were randomized to placebo (6 mo) or MV140 (3 or 6 mo), and followed for 12 mo. Individuals analyzed in this secondary analysis included those in the placebo and 3-mo (recommended dose) groups.
INTERVENTION
A polybacterial sublingual vaccine, MV140 (four inactivated whole-cell bacteria-, , , and ), or placebo.
OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
Symptom severity scoring, antibiotic use, safety, and multiple aspects of quality of life (QoL; Short-Form Questionnaire [SF-36]) were assessed.
RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS
Compared with the placebo group ( = 76), the 3-mo vaccinated group ( = 74) experienced fewer overall UTI symptoms (mean symptom score 102.2 ± 222.9 vs 194.2 ± 178.8; = 0.0002), fewer days on antibiotics (12.4 ± 17.7 vs 28.7 ± 25.2; = 0.0001), and improved total, general, and physical SF-36 QoL improvement (differences in means for total SF-36 score 15.7; 95% confidence interval [CI] 8.80, 22.64; < 0.0001), with only social function QoL showing no impact (4.07; 95% CI -4.93, 13.08; = 0.3744).
CONCLUSIONS
Three months of MV140 is associated with a reduction of the personal burden of UTI by reducing overall UTI symptoms and antibiotic use, improving QoL in women with rUTI.
PATIENT SUMMARY
Three months of MV140 vaccine, which has previously been shown to reduce the risk of urinary tract infection safely, is associated with a reduction in the personal burden of disease.
PubMed: 38585593
DOI: 10.1016/j.euros.2024.03.010 -
BioMed Research International 2024Antimicrobial resistance poses a significant global threat to the treatment of bacterial infections, particularly in low- and middle-income regions such as Africa. This...
BACKGROUND
Antimicrobial resistance poses a significant global threat to the treatment of bacterial infections, particularly in low- and middle-income regions such as Africa. This study is aimed at analyzing antimicrobial resistance patterns in vaginal swab samples from patients at the National Health Laboratory from 2019 to 2022.
METHODS
This retrospective study examined patient records from vaginal swab analyses performed at the National Health Laboratory between January 1, 2019, and December 31, 2022. Ethical approval was obtained from the Ministry of Health Research Ethical Approval and Clearance Committee on 15/02/2023.
RESULTS
Of the 622 samples, 83% underwent microbial isolation and identification. spp. exhibited high resistance (>43%) to antibiotics such as cephalexin, ceftazidime, nalidixic acid, ampicillin, gentamicin, and tetracycline. showed resistance rates of more than 50% to ampicillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and tetracycline. spp. and Proteus spp. exhibited resistance rates that exceeded 47% to specific antibiotics. Gram-positive bacteria have resistance rates of more than 49% with ampicillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, oxacillin, vancomycin, and penicillin G. In particular, demonstrated no resistance to rifampicin or clindamycin, while spp. showed 100% resistance to rifampicin and vancomycin. Several species, including species, spp., , and spp. exhibited multidrug resistance.
CONCLUSION
Most gram-negative bacteria displayed higher resistance of >45% to ampicillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and tetracycline. Among gram-positive bacteria, a higher resistance rate with ampicillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, oxacillin, vancomycin, and penicillin G was recorded. showed no resistance to rifampicin and clindamycin, and spp. indicated 100% resistance to rifampicin and vancomycin. This study highlights critical gaps and areas for further exploration. Expanding the spectrum of antibiotics tested and investigating underlying multidrug resistance mechanisms would provide a more comprehensive understanding of resistance patterns.
Topics: Female; Humans; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clindamycin; Vancomycin; Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination; Staphylococcus aureus; Escherichia coli; Eritrea; Rifampin; Retrospective Studies; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Oxacillin; Gram-Positive Bacteria; Tetracycline; Streptococcus; Ampicillin; Penicillin G; Vaginal Discharge; Microbial Sensitivity Tests
PubMed: 38577704
DOI: 10.1155/2024/7193490 -
Radiology Case Reports Jun 2024A 51-year-old woman presented to her local emergency department with acute onset right-sided flank pain and nausea. Her blood results on admission were largely...
A 51-year-old woman presented to her local emergency department with acute onset right-sided flank pain and nausea. Her blood results on admission were largely unremarkable aside from leucocytosis and neutrophilia. Two days after admission, she developed the following: stage 3 AKI with oliguria, anaemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute derangement of liver function tests. A computed tomography of the kidney ureter bladder demonstrated a right-sided 4 mm obstructing vesicoureteric junction stone with associated hydronephrosis and hydroureter. She was transferred to a tertiary care centre; gram negative sepsis was confirmed with a Proteus on blood culture and laboratory findings were in keeping with DIC. She was treated with Tazobactam/Piperacillin and intravenous fluids. In addition, further imaging showed improving right-sided hydronephrosis and left renal cortical necrosis. The aetiology of this presentation was sepsis complicated by disseminated intravascular coagulation. The coagulopathy likely contributed to the unilateral renal cortical necrosis. Cortical necrosis usually affects both kidneys, and is typically a complication of sepsis, shock, or obstetrical trauma. To our knowledge, there are only 2 reported cases of unilateral renal cortical necrosis and contralateral hydronephrosis with renal colic and septic shock. Potential pathogenetic mechanisms are discussed.
PubMed: 38577129
DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2024.02.108 -
Frontiers in Neuroscience 2024Serotonin (5-HT) is critical for neurodevelopment and the serotonin transporter (SERT) modulates serotonin levels. Perturbed prenatal and postnatal dietary exposures...
INTRODUCTION
Serotonin (5-HT) is critical for neurodevelopment and the serotonin transporter (SERT) modulates serotonin levels. Perturbed prenatal and postnatal dietary exposures affect the developing offspring predisposing to neurobehavioral disorders in the adult. We hypothesized that the postnatal brain 5-HT-SERT imbalance associated with gut dysbiosis forms the contributing gut-brain axis dependent mechanism responsible for such ultimate phenotypes.
METHODS
Employing maternal diet restricted (IUGR, n=8) and high fat+high fructose (HFhf, n=6) dietary modifications, rodent brain serotonin was assessed temporally by ELISA and SERT by quantitative Western blot analysis. Simultaneously, colonic microbiome studies were performed.
RESULTS
At early postnatal (P) day 2 no changes in the IUGR, but a ~24% reduction in serotonin ( = 0.00005) in the HFhf group occurred, particularly in the males ( = 0.000007) revealing a male versus female difference ( = 0.006). No such changes in SERT concentrations emerged. At late P21 the IUGR group reared on HFhf (IUGR/HFhf, ( = 4) diet revealed increased serotonin by ~53% in males ( = 0.0001) and 36% in females ( = 0.023). While only females demonstrated a ~40% decrease in serotonin ( = 0.010), the males only trended lower without a significant change within the HFhf group ( = 0.146). SERT on the other hand was no different in HFhf or IUGR/RC, with only the female IUGR/HFhf revealing a 28% decrease ( = 0.036). In colonic microbiome studies, serotonin-producing Bacteriodes increased with decreased Lactobacillus at P2, while the serotonin-producing Streptococcus species increased in IUGR/HFhf at P21. Sex-specific changes emerged in association with brain serotonin or SERT in the case of , Proteus, and .
DISCUSSION
We conclude that an imbalanced 5-HT-SERT axis during postnatal brain development is sex-specific and induced by maternal dietary modifications related to postnatal gut dysbiosis. We speculate that these early changes albeit transient may permanently alter critical neural maturational processes affecting circuitry formation, thereby perturbing the neuropsychiatric equipoise.
PubMed: 38576870
DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1363094 -
Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious... Jun 2024Although Proteus species are occasional causes of serious infections, their epidemiology has not been well defined. The objective was to describe the overall and... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
BACKGROUND
Although Proteus species are occasional causes of serious infections, their epidemiology has not been well defined. The objective was to describe the overall and species-specific occurrence and determinants of Proteus species bloodstream infection (BSI) in a large Australian population.
METHODS
All Queensland residents with Proteus species BSI identified within the publicly funded healthcare system between 2000 and 2019 were included.
RESULTS
A total of 2,143 incident episodes of Proteus species BSI were identified among 2,079 Queensland residents. The prevalence of comorbid illness differed with higher Charlson comorbidity scores observed with P. penneri and P. vulgaris, and higher prevalence of liver disease with P. penneri, higher comorbid cancer with P. vulgaris, and lower diabetes and renal disease prevalence with P. mirabilis BSIs.
CONCLUSION
This study provides novel information on the epidemiology of Proteus species BSI.
Topics: Humans; Bacteremia; Male; Middle Aged; Female; Proteus Infections; Aged; Queensland; Proteus; Prevalence; Adult; Comorbidity; Aged, 80 and over; Young Adult; Proteus mirabilis
PubMed: 38574445
DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2024.116286 -
BMC Veterinary Research Apr 2024Growing antibiotic resistance has made treating otitis externa (OE) increasingly challenging. On the other hand, local antimicrobial treatments, especially those that...
BACKGROUND
Growing antibiotic resistance has made treating otitis externa (OE) increasingly challenging. On the other hand, local antimicrobial treatments, especially those that combine essential oils (EOs) with nanoparticles, tend to be preferred over systemic ones. It was investigated whether Ajwain (Trachyspermum ammi) EO, combined with chitosan nanoparticles modified by cholesterol, could inhibit the growth of bacterial pathogens isolated from OE cases in dogs. In total, 57 dogs with clinical signs of OE were examined and bacteriologically tested. Hydrogels of Chitosan were synthesized by self-assembly and investigated. EO was extracted (Clevenger machine), and its ingredients were checked (GC-MS analysis) and encapsulated in chitosan-cholesterol nanoparticles. Disc-diffusion and broth Micro-dilution (MIC and MBC) examined its antimicrobial and therapeutic properties.
RESULTS
Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (49.3%) was the most common bacteria isolated from OE cases, followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (14.7%), Escherichia coli (13.3%), Streptococcus canis (9.3%), Corynebacterium auriscanis (6.7%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (2.7%), Proteus mirabilis (2.7%), and Bacillus cereus (1.3%). The investigation into the antimicrobial properties of Ajwain EO encapsulated in chitosan nanoparticles revealed that it exhibited a more pronounced antimicrobial effect against the pathogens responsible for OE.
CONCLUSIONS
Using chitosan nanoparticles encapsulated with EO presents an effective treatment approach for dogs with OE that conventional antimicrobial treatments have not cured. This approach not only enhances antibacterial effects but also reduces the required dosage of antimicrobials, potentially preventing the emergence of antimicrobial resistance.
Topics: Dogs; Animals; Oils, Volatile; Ammi; Chitosan; Otitis Externa; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Bacteria; Escherichia coli; Cholesterol; Dog Diseases
PubMed: 38561827
DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-03971-7 -
Heliyon Apr 2024The aim of the present study is the valorization of the essential oil of Ehrh. The research plan and methods included 3-axis: the first axis consists of studying the...
The aim of the present study is the valorization of the essential oil of Ehrh. The research plan and methods included 3-axis: the first axis consists of studying the organoleptic and physicochemical characterization of the essential oil, the second is the chemical analysis carried out by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) and the third consists of evaluating its antimicrobial activity against selected microorganisms. The results obtained for the organoleptic and physicochemical properties are as follows: appearance: Liquid, mobile and clear, odor: Strong odor characteristic of Ehrh, color: Pale yellow; relative density (0.92), miscibility with ethanol (1V/2V), freezing point (T < -10 °C), refractive index (1.5256), rotating power (+0.825), acid index (1.68), ester index (68.44), saponification index (70.13) and iodine index (12.05).Chemical analysis identified 69 compounds which are mostly oxygenated monoterpenes such as piperitenone oxide (32.55%), pulegone (10.14%), piperitone oxide (8.34%), etc. The microbiological tests were carried out by an agar diffusion test using the essential oil of Ehrh. The microbiological tests were carried out by a diffusion test on agar, these tests are carried out on six microbial strains (five bacteria and one yeast).The inhibitory effect of our oil is well marked against bacteria: (17.50 ± 0.70 mm at 50 μL/mL), (17.00 ± 1.00 mm at 50 μL/mL) and (16.33 ± 0.57 mm at 50 μL/mL) while it was moderate against (14.33 ± 1.15 mm at 50 μL/mL) and spp (13.00 ± 0.00 mm at 50 μL/mL) as well as against yeast, (15.33 ± 1.52 mm at 50 μL/mL). It appears from these results that our oil is of high quality and can be used in several areas. The results obtained are therefore promising and thus open the way for manufacturers to use this essential oil of Ehrh in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, agricultural and food industries.
PubMed: 38560258
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28125 -
Open Veterinary Journal Feb 2024An increasing number of drugs are used each year in the treatment of small pets (cats and dogs), including medicines (cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones) used in human...
BACKGROUND
An increasing number of drugs are used each year in the treatment of small pets (cats and dogs), including medicines (cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones) used in human therapy.
AIM
The purpose of this study was to isolate and explore the antibiotic resistance of opportunistic Enterobacteriaceae (, ) from cats and dogs, and to isolate resistance genes in the microorganisms.
METHODS
In 2021, 808 samples of biological material from small domestic animals were collected in veterinary clinics in Kostanay. From these, 210 microorganisms were isolated and identified.
RESULTS
A large majority of the strains sampled belonged to 149 (70.9%), 11 (5.2%), 28 (13.3%), 12 (5.7%) and 10 isolates (4.8%). In all isolates identified, antibiotic resistance/sensitivity was determined by disc-diffusion method to ampicillin, cefoxitin, gentamicin, levomycetin, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, cefoperazone, cefpodoxime, streptomycin, kanamycin, doxycycline, gemifloxacin, nalidixic acid, furazolidone, furadonine, amoxicillin, and enrofloxacin.
CONCLUSION
The study has demonstrated that the greatest number of Enterobacteriaceae were sensitive to the action of meropenem, which belongs to the group of beta-lactam antibiotics; resistance was demonstrated against tetracycline, doxycycline, ampicillin, amoxicillin, ofloxacin, and cefpodoxime. The most common genes encoding antimicrobial resistance were as follows: BlaTEM and OXA in 41 and 28 isolates, respectively, encoding resistance to beta-lactams; StrA and StrB in 45 and 48 isolates encoding aminoglycosides; and tetA and tetB in 43 and 28 isolates encoding tetracyclines. Obtained data demonstrate that uncontrolled and frequent use of beta-lactam and tetracycline antibacterials, in cats and dogs, results in the spread of genotypic resistance among micro-organisms of the family
Topics: Humans; Animals; Cats; Dogs; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Enterobacteriaceae; Escherichia coli; Tetracycline; Doxycycline; Prevalence; Kazakhstan; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; beta-Lactams; Ofloxacin; Ampicillin; Amoxicillin
PubMed: 38549569
DOI: 10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i2.1 -
Scientific Reports Mar 2024Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most prevalent bacterial infections affecting humans, with a higher incidence among women. Pregnant women are at an...
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most prevalent bacterial infections affecting humans, with a higher incidence among women. Pregnant women are at an increased risk of developing UTIs, which can have detrimental consequences for both the mother and fetus. UTIs can be caused by various bacteria, and the prevalence of drug-resistant UTIs in maternity and children's hospitals is a cause for concern due to the potential for severe complications if left untreated. The primary objective of the current study was to determine the distribution of UTI-causing bacteria and investigate the antibiotic sensitivity patterns of isolated cultures obtained from pregnant women with UTIs at the Maternity and Children's Hospital, Bisha, Saudi Arabia. This cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2021 to October 2023, involving the analysis of urine samples collected from 321 participants who acquired UTIs during pregnancy. Using biochemical tests and standard cultures, the urine samples were examined for pathogenic bacteria and their anti-microbial sensitivity patterns. The study analyzed susceptibility results according to the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines (M100, 28th Edition, 2018). Bacterial strains demonstrating resistance to three or more antibiotics were classified as multidrug-resistant (MDR). This study revealed the distribution of UTI-causing bacteria to be as follows: Escherichia coli, 57.01%; Klebsiella pneumoniae, 24.61%; Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 4.36%; Proteus mirabilis and Enterobacter cloacae, 3.74%; Streptococcus agalactiae, 3.11%; Enterococcus faecalis, 2.18%; and Staphylococcus aureus, 1.24%. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing varied among gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Gentamicin demonstrated the highest sensitivity among both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria; piperacillin-tazobactam was the second most effective drug against gram-negative bacteria. The bacterial isolates showed varying susceptibility to different antibiotics, with Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa being mainly sensitive to gentamicin, piperacillin-tazobactam, and ciprofloxacin, respectively. The strategies for reducing the risk of UTIs need to be improved to limit the spread of MDR bacteria. These strategies may include promoting hygienic practices and administering appropriate antibiotics to prevent the emergence and spread of drug-resistant bacteria. Further research is required to monitor the trends in antibiotic resistance among UTI-causing bacteria and develop effective strategies for managing this public health menace.
Topics: Pregnancy; Child; Female; Humans; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Pregnant Women; Saudi Arabia; Cross-Sectional Studies; Gram-Negative Bacteria; Gram-Positive Bacteria; Urinary Tract Infections; Bacteria; Piperacillin, Tazobactam Drug Combination; Escherichia coli; Gentamicins; Hospitals; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Drug Resistance, Bacterial
PubMed: 38548851
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58275-5 -
PloS One 2024This study assessed the physical, chemical, and microbiological quality with emphasis on risk score, source apportionment, geochemistry, feacal coliforms and water...
This study assessed the physical, chemical, and microbiological quality with emphasis on risk score, source apportionment, geochemistry, feacal coliforms and water quality index of drinking water from selected water sources. A cross-sectional study was conducted in six villages in Mbarara city, south-western Uganda. Each selected source was inspected using a WHO-adopted sanitary inspection questionnaire. Each source's risk score was calculated. Thirty-seven samples were taken from one borehole, nine open dug wells, four rain harvest tanks, and twenty-three taps. The values for apparent color and phosphate were higher than the permissible level as set by the World Health Organization and Ugandan standards (US EAS 12). The isolated organisms were Klebsiella spp. (8.11%), Citrobacter divergens (62.16%), Citrobacter fluendii (2.7%), E. coli (35.14%), Enterobacter aerogenes (8.11%), Enterobacter agglomerus (5.4%), Proteus spp. (2.7%), Enterobacter cloacae (13.5%), and Proteus mirabilis (2.7%). Twelve water sources (32.4%) had water that was unfit for human consumption that was unfit for human consumption (Grade E), Five sources (13.5%) had water that had a very poor index (Grade D), nine (24.3%) had water of poor index (Grade C), eight (21.6%) had water of good water index (Grade B), and only three (8.1%) had water of excellent water quality index (Grade A). The piper trilinear revealed that the dominant water type of the area were Mgso4 and Caso4 type. Gibbs plot represents precipitation dominance. PCA for source apportionment showed that well, tap and borehole water account for the highest variations in the quality of drinking water. These results suggest that drinking water from sources in Mbarara city is not suitable for direct human consumption without treatment. We recommend necessary improvements in water treatment, distribution, and maintenance of all the available water sources in Mbarara City, South Western Uganda.
Topics: Humans; Water Supply; Drinking Water; Uganda; Escherichia coli; Cross-Sectional Studies; Water Quality; Water Microbiology
PubMed: 38547180
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297794