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International Journal of Molecular... Dec 2023urinary tract infections can lead to serious complications such as development of urinary stones. spp., belonging to the natural microbiota of the urinary tract,...
urinary tract infections can lead to serious complications such as development of urinary stones. spp., belonging to the natural microbiota of the urinary tract, exhibit a number of antagonistic mechanisms against uropathogens, including the secretion of organic acids. In this study, we determined the anti-adhesion, anti-cytotoxicity and anti-crystallization properties of the substances secreted by . For this purpose, membrane inserts with a pore diameter 0.4 μm were used, which prevent mixing of cultured cells, simultaneously enabling the diffusion of metabolic products. The intensity of crystallization was assessed by measuring the levels of Ca, Mg and NH and by observing crystals using microscopic methods. The cytotoxicity of the HCV-29 cell line was determined using the LDH and MTT assays, and the impact of lactobacilli on adhesion to the bladder epithelium was assessed by establishing CFU/mL after cell lysis. It was shown that in the presence of the adhesion of and the cytotoxicity of the cells decreased. The degree of crystallization was also inhibited in all experimental models. Moreover, it was demonstrated that is characterized by the secretion of a high concentration of L-lactic acid. These results indicate that L-lactic acid secreted by has a significant impact on the crystallization process and pathogenicity of .
Topics: Proteus mirabilis; Urinary Tract; Microbiota; Lactic Acid; Lactobacillus
PubMed: 38203274
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010103 -
Scientific Reports Jan 2024Infectious urolithiasis is a type of urolithiasis, that is caused by infections of the urinary tract by bacteria producing urease such as Proteus mirabilis....
Infectious urolithiasis is a type of urolithiasis, that is caused by infections of the urinary tract by bacteria producing urease such as Proteus mirabilis. Lactobacillus spp. have an antagonistic effect against many pathogens by secreting molecules, including organic acids. The aim of the study was to determine the impact of Lactobacillus strains isolated from human urine on crystallization of urine components caused by P. mirabilis by measuring bacterial viability (CFU/mL), pH, ammonia release, concentration of crystallized salts and by observing crystals by phase contrast microscopy. Moreover, the effect of lactic acid on the activity of urease was examined by the kinetic method and in silico study. In the presence of selected Lactobacillus strains, the crystallization process was inhibited. The results indicate that one of the mechanisms of this action was the antibacterial effect of Lactobacillus, especially in the presence of L. gasseri, where ten times less P. mirabilis bacteria was observed, compared to the control. It was also demonstrated that lactic acid inhibited urease activity by a competitive mechanism and had a higher binding affinity to the enzyme than urea. These results demonstrate that Lactobacillus and lactic acid have a great impact on the urinary stones development, which in the future may help to support the treatment of this health problem.
Topics: Humans; Proteus mirabilis; Urease; Urinary Calculi; Urolithiasis; Communicable Diseases; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Lactic Acid; Lactobacillus
PubMed: 38200115
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51323-0 -
Microbiology Spectrum Feb 2024can transfer transposons, insertion sequences, and gene cassettes to the chromosomes of other hosts through SXT/R391 integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs),...
can transfer transposons, insertion sequences, and gene cassettes to the chromosomes of other hosts through SXT/R391 integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs), significantly increasing the possibility of antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) evolution and expanding the risk of ARGs transmission among bacteria. A total of 103 strains of were isolated from 25 farms in China from 2018 to 2020. The positive detection rate of SXT/R391 ICEs was 25.2% (26/103). All SXT/R391 ICEs positive exhibited a high level of overall drug resistance. Conjugation experiments showed that all 26 SXT/R391 ICEs could efficiently transfer to EC600 with a frequency of 2.0 × 10 to 6.0 × 10. The acquired ARGs, genetic structures, homology relationships, and conservation sequences of 26 (19 different subtypes) SXT/R391 ICEs were investigated by high-throughput sequencing, whole-genome typing, and phylogenetic tree construction. ICEChnHBRJC2 carries ), which have never been found within an SXT/R391 ICE in , and ICEChnSC1111 carries 19 ARGs, including clinically important , , and , making it the ICE with the most ARGs reported to date. Through genetic stability, growth curve, and competition experiments, it was found that the transconjugant of ICEChnSCNNC12 did not have a significant fitness cost on the recipient bacterium EC600 and may have a higher risk of transmission and dissemination. Although the transconjugant of ICEChnSCSZC20 had a relatively obvious fitness cost on EC600, long-term resistance selection pressure may improve bacterial fitness through compensatory adaptation, providing scientific evidence for risk assessment of horizontal transfer and dissemination of SXT/R391 ICEs in .IMPORTANCEThe spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) is a major public health concern. The study investigated the prevalence and genetic diversity of integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs) in , which can transfer ARGs to other hosts. The study found that all of the strains carrying ICEs exhibited a high level of drug resistance and a higher risk of transmission and dissemination of ARGs. The analysis of novel multidrug-resistant ICEs highlighted the potential for the evolution and spread of novel resistance mechanisms. These findings emphasize the importance of monitoring the spread of ICEs carrying ARGs and the urgent need for effective strategies to combat antibiotic resistance. Understanding the genetic diversity and potential for transmission of ARGs among bacteria is crucial for developing targeted interventions to mitigate the threat of antibiotic resistance.
Topics: Proteus mirabilis; Phylogeny; Conjugation, Genetic; Drug Resistance, Multiple; DNA Transposable Elements; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Escherichia coli; Risk Assessment
PubMed: 38197656
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01209-23 -
Antibiogram data of urinary tract infection in spinal cord injury patients in an outpatient setting.Neurosciences (Riyadh, Saudi Arabia) Jan 2024To establish antibiogram data for patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) that would help differentiate the organisms commonly present depending on the voiding method and...
OBJECTIVES
To establish antibiogram data for patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) that would help differentiate the organisms commonly present depending on the voiding method and antibiotic sensitivity for empirical treatment.
METHODS
A total of 499 urine culture results were obtained from 151 SCI patients with symptomatic urinary tract infection (UTI) with significant bacteriuria and pyuria with more than 10 white blood cells per high power field. The voiding method was categorized as follows: self-intermittent catheterization (SIC), suprapubic catheter (SPC), Foley catheter, condom catheter, or voiding freely.
RESULTS
The demographic data were as follows: male, n=124 (82.2%); female, n=27 (17.8%); mean age, 39; paraplegic n=105 (69.5%); and tetraplegic, n=45 (29.8%). The SIC was the most common voiding method (n=64, 42.3%), followed by Foley catheter (n=39, 25.8%). Escherichia coli was the most common organism overall (29%) and more frequent in patients using SIC as the voiding method. was present more frequently in patients using SPC (33%), and in voiding freely cultures (30%). Antibiotic sensitivity was as follows Gentamicin (44.1%), Nitrofurantoin (39.1%), Augmentin (33.5%), and Ciprofloxacin (31.5%).
CONCLUSION
Increased preference of the local population to foley catheter as a voiding method which needs to be investigated more. The type of voiding methods in patients with SCI results in different common causative organisms of UTI. Ciprofloxacin resistance profile increased overall except in patients voiding with SPC. Nitrofurantoin is the most overall sensitive oral antibiotic in our sample followed by Augmentin then Cefuroxime.
Topics: Humans; Female; Male; Adult; Outpatients; Nitrofurantoin; Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination; Urinary Tract Infections; Spinal Cord Injuries; Ciprofloxacin; Anti-Bacterial Agents
PubMed: 38195136
DOI: 10.17712/nsj.2024.1.20230063 -
Cureus Dec 2023Contamination of surgical, traumatic, and chronic wounds with microorganisms presents a challenge to successful wound healing. In the present in vitro study, a...
Contamination of surgical, traumatic, and chronic wounds with microorganisms presents a challenge to successful wound healing. In the present in vitro study, a synthetic electrospun fiber matrix (SEFM) cleared for use in the management of chronic, surgical, and traumatic wounds underwent USP (United States Pharmacopeia) <51> Antimicrobial Effectiveness Testing to determine its in vitro effectiveness against various microorganisms commonly found in non-healing wounds. The SEFM was tested in both sheet (s-SEFM) and micronized form (m-SEFM) against , , , , and . Testing was performed per the USP <51> standard on days 7, 14, and 28. Both the s-SEFM and m-SEFM met the USP <51> acceptance criteria for all microorganisms. The results obtained for s-SEFM demonstrated >1-log reduction againstandat day 7; >3-log reduction with no detection of these microbes at days 14 and 28, and no increase from initial inoculum at days 7, 14, and 28 against The results obtained for m-SEFM demonstrated >3-logreduction with no detectable microorganisms at day 7. The results observed in this study indicate that the SEFM is effective in vitro at inhibiting bacterial and fungal growth and colonization per USP <51> testing.
PubMed: 38186476
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.50055 -
ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering Feb 2024Over the past decade, superhydrophilic zwitterionic surfaces, slippery liquid-infused porous surfaces, covalently attached liquid-like surfaces, and superhydrophobic...
Over the past decade, superhydrophilic zwitterionic surfaces, slippery liquid-infused porous surfaces, covalently attached liquid-like surfaces, and superhydrophobic surfaces have emerged as the most promising strategies to prevent biofouling on biomedical devices. Despite working through different mechanisms, they have demonstrated superior efficacy in preventing the adhesion of biomolecules (e.g., proteins and bacteria) compared with conventional material surfaces. However, their potential in combating catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) remains uncertain. In this research, we present the fabrication of these four coatings for urinary catheters and conduct a comparative assessment of their antifouling properties through a stepwise approach. Notably, the superhydrophilic zwitterionic coating demonstrated the highest antifouling activity, reducing 72.3% of fibrinogen deposition and over 75% of bacterial adhesion ( and ) when compared with an uncoated polyvinyl chloride (PVC) surface. The zwitterionic coating also exhibited robust repellence against blood and improved surface lubricity, decreasing the dynamic coefficient of friction from 0.63 to 0.35 as compared with the PVC surface. Despite the fact that the superhydrophilic zwitterionic and hydrophobic liquid-like surfaces showed great promise in retarding crystalline biofilm formation in the presence of , it is worth noting that their long-term antifouling efficacy may be compromised by the proliferation and migration of colonized bacteria as they are unable to kill them or inhibit their swarming. These findings underscore both the potential and limitations of these ultralow fouling materials as urinary catheter coatings for preventing CAUTI.
Topics: Humans; Urinary Tract Infections; Urinary Catheters; Biofouling; Escherichia coli; Bacteria; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions
PubMed: 38183269
DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c01577 -
JAC-antimicrobial Resistance Feb 2024To describe the prevalence of common bacterial pathogens and antibiotic susceptibility patterns amongst advanced HIV disease (AHD) patients admitted between May 2019 and...
OBJECTIVES
To describe the prevalence of common bacterial pathogens and antibiotic susceptibility patterns amongst advanced HIV disease (AHD) patients admitted between May 2019 and March 2021 to a Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF)-supported AHD inpatient unit in Bihar, India.
METHODS
A retrospective analysis of routinely collected demographic, clinical and microbiological data. Antibacterial susceptibility testing was done by an accredited referral laboratory using the modified Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method.
RESULTS
A total of 238 isolates from 577 patients were identified through culture testing. Patient median (IQR) age was 38 (31-45) years, and 75% were male. Predominant sample types included blood (600; 38%), urine (266; 17%) and sputum (178; 11%). Of the isolated bacteria, (80; 13.9%) was the most prevalent, followed by (54; 9.4%), (22; 3.8%), (10; 1.7%), (9; 1.6%), and (7; 1.2%). The resistance pattern showed that most bacterial isolates were highly resistant to commonly prescribed antibiotics such as third-generation cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones and co-trimoxazole. Most pathogens were moderately resistant to antibiotics from the WHO Watch group, such as meropenem and piperacillin/tazobactam. In contrast, isolates were more susceptible to aminoglycosides, such as amikacin, gentamicin and nitrofurantoin.
CONCLUSIONS
In Bihar, inpatients with AHD displayed a concerning array of antibiotic-resistant infections. This study provides a starting point from which further work on antimicrobial resistance in this vulnerable cohort of patients can be conducted.
PubMed: 38170073
DOI: 10.1093/jacamr/dlad151 -
Journal of Global Antimicrobial... Mar 2024
Topics: Genomic Islands; Proteus mirabilis; Salmonella; Whole Genome Sequencing; Republic of Korea; Bacterial Proteins; beta-Lactamases
PubMed: 38154749
DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2023.12.020 -
Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2023Propolis use in medicine, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries is well known. This study aimed to investigate propolis' phyto-inhibitory and antimicrobial...
Propolis use in medicine, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries is well known. This study aimed to investigate propolis' phyto-inhibitory and antimicrobial potential. Nine propolis samples obtained from distinct Romanian regions and characterized in terms of physical-chemical parameters, phenols and flavonoid contents, and antioxidant properties were prepared as dry propolis and aqueous extracts. The phyto-inhibitory effect was comparatively tested on different cereals: hexaploid bread wheat (), maize ( L.), oats ( L.), and barley ( L.), while their in vitro antimicrobial activity was evaluated against bacterial and fungal strains specific to cereals: , , , , , and . All propolis samples showed a phyto-inhibitory effect on the cereals, the most pronounced being corn and oats. Propolis powder samples displayed a lower phyto-inhibitory activity than propolis extracts. Also, all tested products showed inhibitory efficacy against both bacteria and fungi. Furthermore, principal component analysis showed differences between the samples' phyto-inhibitory and antimicrobial properties depending on the geographical origin. Positive correlations were found between the polyphenols, flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity, respectively. These data support propolis' phyto-pharmaceutical potential related to its use in plant crop management as an alternative in ecological agriculture.
PubMed: 38136716
DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12121682 -
Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2023is a common uropathogen and a leading cause of catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs), which are often polymicrobial. Through a genome-wide screen, we...
is a common uropathogen and a leading cause of catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs), which are often polymicrobial. Through a genome-wide screen, we previously identified two [NiFe] hydrogenases as candidate fitness factors for CAUTI: a Hyb-type Group 1c H-uptake hydrogenase and a Hyf-type Group 4a H-producing hydrogenase. In this study, we disrupted one gene of each system ( and ) and also generated a double mutant to examine the contribution of flexible H metabolism to growth and fitness in vitro and during experimental CAUTI. Since is typically present as part of a polymicrobial community in the urinary tract, we also examined the impact of two common co-colonization partners, and , on the expression and contribution of each hydrogenase to fitness. Our data demonstrate that neither system alone is critical for growth in vitro or fitness during experimental CAUTI. However, perturbation of flexible H metabolism in the ∆∆ double mutant decreased fitness in vitro and during infection. The Hyf system alone contributed to the generation of proton motive force and swarming motility, but only during anaerobic conditions. Unexpectedly, both systems contributed to benzyl viologen reduction in TYET medium, and disruption of either system increased expression of the other. We further demonstrate that polymicrobial interactions with and alter the expression of Hyb and Hyf in vitro as well as the contribution of each system to fitness during CAUTI.
PubMed: 38133262
DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12121377