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Indian Journal of Dental Research :... Jan 2024Dental Unit Water Line (DUWL) deliver water to different handpieces in a dental unit. The water in DUWL circulates in a closed system, where it is taken from a...
BACKGROUND
Dental Unit Water Line (DUWL) deliver water to different handpieces in a dental unit. The water in DUWL circulates in a closed system, where it is taken from a container. The quality of dental water is of considerable importance since patients and dental staff are regularly exposed to water and aerosols generated from dental equipment. Output water from DUWLs may be a potential source of infection for both dental health care personnel and patients.
AIM
To assess the microbial contamination in the DUWL among dental clinics in Chennai.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
An in vitro study was conducted on 60 water samples from 20 dental clinics in Chennai in December 2019. Water samples were collected from three different sources of the Dental unit according to ADA guidelines. The collected samples were assessed for the presence of Aspergillus, Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Legionella by agar plate method. The data were analysed using SPSS software version 20.
RESULTS
Legionella was the most prevalent microorganism with 70% prevalence in a three-way syringe and 50% in scaler and airotor, followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter with 10% prevalence in scaler and airotor and Aspergillus with a prevalence of 10% in the three-way syringe.
CONCLUSION
Most of the dental units were contaminated with Aspergillus, Legionella, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter which pose a serious threat to the patients as well as the dentists.
Topics: India; Dental Clinics; Equipment Contamination; Water Microbiology; Dental Equipment; Humans; Legionella; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Acinetobacter; In Vitro Techniques
PubMed: 38934755
DOI: 10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_463_22 -
Microbiology Spectrum Jun 2024, an organism recently classified within the Pseudomonadaceae family, has been detected in diverse sources such as human tissues, animal guts, industrial fermenters, and...
, an organism recently classified within the Pseudomonadaceae family, has been detected in diverse sources such as human tissues, animal guts, industrial fermenters, and decomposition environments, suggesting a diverse ecological role. However, a large knowledge gap exists in how functions. In this comparative genomic analysis, adaptations indicative of habitat specificity among strains and genomic similarity to known opportunistic pathogens are revealed. Genomic investigation reveals a core metabolic utilization of multiple oxidative and non-oxidative catabolic pathways, suggesting adaptability to varied environments and carbon sources. The genomic repertoire of includes secondary metabolites, such as antimicrobials and siderophores, indicative of its involvement in microbial competition and resource acquisition. Additionally, the presence of transposases, prophages, plasmids, and Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats-Cas systems in genomes suggests mechanisms for horizontal gene transfer and defense against viral predation. This comprehensive genomic analysis expands our understanding on the ecological functions, community interactions, and potential virulence of , while emphasizing its adaptability and diverse capabilities across environmental and host-associated ecosystems.IMPORTANCEAs the microbial world continues to be explored, new organisms will emerge with beneficial and/or pathogenetic impact. is a species originally isolated from clinical human tissue and fluid samples but has not been attributed to disease. Since its classification, has been found in animal guts, animal waste, decomposing remains, and biogas fermentation reactors. This is the first study to provide an in-depth view of the metabolic potential of publicly available genomes belonging to this species through a comparative genomics and draft pangenome calculation approach. It was found that is metabolically versatile and likely adapts to diverse energy sources and environments, which may make it useful for bioremediation and in industrial settings. A range of virulence factors and antibiotic resistances were also detected, suggesting may operate as an undescribed opportunistic pathogen.
PubMed: 38934605
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04157-23 -
Viruses May 2024Bacteriophages (phages) are viruses that infect the bacteria within which their reproduction cycle takes place, a process that ends in the lysis and death of the...
Bacteriophages (phages) are viruses that infect the bacteria within which their reproduction cycle takes place, a process that ends in the lysis and death of the bacterial cell. Some phages are also able to destroy bacterial biofilms. Due to increased antibiotics resistance, , another biofilm-forming pathogen, is a problem in many parts of the world. Zinc oxide (ZnO) and other metal nanoparticles (NPs) are biologically active and also possess anti-biofilm properties. ZnO-NPs were prepared by the green synthesis method using orange peels. The vibrational peaks of the ZnO-NPs were analyzed using FTIR analysis, and their size and morphological properties were determined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The ability of the ZnO-NPs to reduce or eliminate biofilm alone or in combination with phages PB10 and PA19 was investigated. The cells were effectively killed in the preformed 48 h biofilms during a 24 h incubation with the ZnO-NP-phage combination, in comparison with the control or ZnO-NPs alone. The treatments on growing biofilms were most efficient in the final stages of biofilm development. All five treatment groups showed a significant biofilm reduction compared to the control group ( < 0.0001) at 48 h of incubation. The influence of the ZnO-NPs and phages on the quorum sensing system of was monitored by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) of the autoinducer biosynthesis gene . While the ZnO-NPs repressed the gene transcription, the phages slightly activated it at 24 and 48 h of incubation. Also, the effect of the ZnO-NPs and phage PA19 on the viability of HFF2 cells was investigated and the results showed that the combination of NPs with PA19 reduced the toxic effect of ZnO-NPs and also stimulated the growth in normal cells.
Topics: Zinc Oxide; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Biofilms; Metal Nanoparticles; Green Chemistry Technology; Bacteriophages; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Nanoparticles
PubMed: 38932188
DOI: 10.3390/v16060897 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2024In this study, hybrid skeleton material ZIF-8@ZIF-67 was synthesized by the epitaxial growth method and then was utilized as a carrier for encapsulating lipase (PFL)...
In this study, hybrid skeleton material ZIF-8@ZIF-67 was synthesized by the epitaxial growth method and then was utilized as a carrier for encapsulating lipase (PFL) through the co-precipitation method, resulting in the preparation of immobilized lipase (PFL@ZIF-8@ZIF-67). Subsequently, it was further treated with glutaraldehyde to improve protein immobilization yield. Under optimal immobilization conditions, the specific hydrolytic activity of PFL@ZIF-8@ZIF-67 was 20.4 times higher than that of the free PFL. The prepared biocatalyst was characterized and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR). Additionally, the thermal stability of PFL@ZIF-8@ZIF-67 at 50 °C was significantly improved compared to the free PFL. After 7 weeks at room temperature, PFL@ZIF-8@ZIF-67 retained 78% of the transesterification activity, while the free enzyme was only 29%. Finally, PFL@ZIF-8@ZIF-67 was applied to the neryl acetate preparation in a solvent-free system, and the yield of neryl acetate reached 99% after 3 h of reaction. After 10 repetitions, the yields of neryl acetate catalyzed by PFL@ZIF-8@ZIF-67 and the free PFL were 80% and 43%, respectively.
Topics: Enzymes, Immobilized; Pseudomonas fluorescens; Lipase; Esterification; Enzyme Stability; Zeolites; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Temperature; Acetates; X-Ray Diffraction; Biocatalysis; Imidazoles
PubMed: 38930986
DOI: 10.3390/molecules29122922 -
Microorganisms May 2024Periodontitis is a destructive inflammatory response triggered by dysbiosis. LA5 (LA5) may impair microbial colonization and alter the host. Thus, we evaluated the...
Periodontitis is a destructive inflammatory response triggered by dysbiosis. LA5 (LA5) may impair microbial colonization and alter the host. Thus, we evaluated the effect of LA5 on alveolar bone loss in a periodontitis murine model and investigated its effect on the oral and gut microbiomes. and were inoculated in C57BL/6 mice (P+), with LA5 (L+). SHAM infected controls (P- and/or L- groups) were also evaluated. After 45 days, alveolar bone loss in the maxilla and oral and gut microbiomes were determined. The administration of LA5 controlled the microbial consortium-induced alveolar bone loss. Periodontopathogens infection resulted in shifts in the oral and gut microbiomes consistent with dysbiosis, and LA5 reshaped these changes. The oral microbiome of P+L- group showed the increased abundance of , , , and , which were attenuated by the administration of LA5 to the infected group (P+L+). The administration of LA5 to otherwise non-infected mice resulted in the increased abundance of the superphylum Patescibacteria and the family in the gut. These data indicate LA5 as a candidate probiotic for the control of periodontitis.
PubMed: 38930439
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12061057 -
International Journal of Environmental... May 2024The effects of exposure to airborne particulate matter with a size of 10 μm or less (PM) on C57BL/6 mouse corneas, their response to (PA) infection, and the protective...
The effects of exposure to airborne particulate matter with a size of 10 μm or less (PM) on C57BL/6 mouse corneas, their response to (PA) infection, and the protective effects of SKQ1 were determined. C57BL/6 mouse corneas receiving PBS or SKQ1 were exposed to control (air) or PM for 2 weeks, infected, and the disease was documented by clinical score, PMN quantitation, bacterial plate count, RT-PCR and Western blot. PBS-treated, PM-exposed corneas did not differ at 1 day postinfection (dpi), but exhibited earlier (3 dpi) corneal thinning compared to controls. By 3 dpi, PM significantly increased corneal mRNA levels of several pro-inflammatory cytokines, but decreased IL-10, NQO1, GR1, GPX4, and Nrf2 over control. SKQ1 reversed these effects and Western blot selectively confirmed the RT-PCR results. PM resulted in higher viable bacterial plate counts at 1 and 3 dpi, but SKQ1 reduced them at 3 dpi. PM significantly increased MPO in the cornea at 3 dpi and was reduced by SKQ1. SKQ1, used as an adjunctive treatment to moxifloxacin, was not significantly different from moxifloxacin alone. Exposure to PM increased the susceptibility of C57BL/6 to PA infection; SKQ1 significantly reversed these effects, but was not effective as an adjunctive treatment.
Topics: Animals; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Pseudomonas Infections; Particulate Matter; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Mice; Cornea; Disease Susceptibility; Cytokines; Female; Air Pollutants
PubMed: 38928968
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21060722 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jun 2024This paper presents the work performed to transition a lab-scale synthesis (1 g) to a large-scale (400 g) synthesis of the 3-5-diamino-1H-Pyrazole Disperazol, a new...
This paper presents the work performed to transition a lab-scale synthesis (1 g) to a large-scale (400 g) synthesis of the 3-5-diamino-1H-Pyrazole Disperazol, a new pharmaceutical for treatment of antibiotic-resistant biofilm infections. The potentially hazardous diazotisation step in the lab-scale synthesis was transformed to a safe and easy-to-handle flow chemistry step. Additionally, the paper presents an OSHA-recommended safety assessment of active compound , as performed by Fauske and Associates, LLC, Burr Ridge, IL, USA.
Topics: Pyrazoles; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Biofilms; Humans; Pseudomonas Infections; Risk Assessment
PubMed: 38928443
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126737 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jun 2024An approach based on the heat stress and microbial stress model of the medicinal plant was proposed to elucidate the regulation and mechanism of bioactive phenol...
An approach based on the heat stress and microbial stress model of the medicinal plant was proposed to elucidate the regulation and mechanism of bioactive phenol accumulation. This method integrates LC-MS/MS analysis, 16S rRNA sequencing, RT-qPCR, and molecular assays to investigate the regulation of phenolic metabolite biosynthesis in rhizome (SL) under stress. Previous research has shown that the metabolites and genes involved in phenol biosynthesis correlate to the upregulation of genes involved in plant-pathogen interactions. High-temperature and the presence of bacteria were observed alongside SL growth. Under conditions of heat stress or bacteria stress, both the metabolites and genes involved in phenol biosynthesis were upregulated. The regulation of phenol content and phenol biosynthesis gene expression suggests that phenol-based chemical defense of SL is stimulated under stress. Furthermore, the rapid accumulation of phenolic substances relied on the consumption of amino acids. Three defensive proteins, namely Ss4CL, SsC4H, and SsF3'5'H, were identified and verified to elucidate phenol biosynthesis in SL. Overall, this study enhances our understanding of the phenol-based chemical defense of SL, indicating that bioactive phenol substances result from SL's responses to the environment and providing new insights for growing the high-phenol-content medicinal herb SL.
Topics: Plants, Medicinal; Heat-Shock Response; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Phenols; Phenol; Plant Proteins; Rhizome; Pseudomonas; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
PubMed: 38928085
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126379 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jun 2024Various metabolites, including phytohormones, phytoalexins, and amino acids, take part in the plant immune system. Herein, we analyzed the effects of L-methionine (Met),...
Various metabolites, including phytohormones, phytoalexins, and amino acids, take part in the plant immune system. Herein, we analyzed the effects of L-methionine (Met), a sulfur-containing amino acid, on the plant immune system in tomato. Treatment with low concentrations of Met enhanced the resistance of tomato to a broad range of diseases caused by the hemi-biotrophic bacterial pathogen pv. ) and the necrotrophic fungal pathogen (), although it did not induce the production of any antimicrobial substances against these pathogens in tomato leaf tissues. Analyses of gene expression and phytohormone accumulation indicated that Met treatment alone did not activate the defense signals mediated by salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, and ethylene. However, the salicylic acid-responsive defense gene and the jasmonic acid-responsive gene were induced more rapidly in Met-treated plants after infection with and , respectively. These findings suggest that low concentrations of Met have a priming effect on the phytohormone-mediated immune system in tomato.
Topics: Solanum lycopersicum; Methionine; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Plant Diseases; Botrytis; Pseudomonas syringae; Cyclopentanes; Plant Growth Regulators; Oxylipins; Plant Immunity; Disease Resistance; Salicylic Acid; Plant Leaves; Plant Proteins; Ethylenes
PubMed: 38928022
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126315 -
Genes Jun 2024Many enzymes in the Raetz pathway for lipid A biosynthesis in are essential. A homologous protein Pa1792|LpxH in is known to complement the loss of LpxH in ....
Many enzymes in the Raetz pathway for lipid A biosynthesis in are essential. A homologous protein Pa1792|LpxH in is known to complement the loss of LpxH in . Genome-wide transposon-insertion sequencing analysis indicates that is essential in . However, genetic analysis of in has not been carried out, partly because the conditional alleles of essential genes are not readily constructed. In this study, we first constructed a plasmid-based temperature-sensitive mutant or in PAO1. Spot-plating assay indicated that was lethal at a restrictive temperature, confirming its essentiality for growth. Microscopic analysis revealed that exhibited an oval-shaped morphology, suggesting that was required for rod-shape formation. SDS-PAGE and Western blotting analysis showed that failed to synthesize lipid A, consistent with its function in lipid A biosynthesis. Strong expression of but not the non-homologous isoenzyme or impeded growth and caused cell lysis, implying that -specific cofactors were required for this toxic effect in . Together, our results demonstrate that is essential for lipid A biosynthesis, rod-shaped growth, and viability in . We propose that this plasmid-based conditional allele is a useful tool for the genetic study of essential genes in .
Topics: Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Plasmids; Bacterial Proteins; Temperature; Mutation; Lipid A; Escherichia coli
PubMed: 38927720
DOI: 10.3390/genes15060784