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Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi =... Jun 2024To investigate the value of single-phase gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) stimulation test in the diagnosis of central precocious puberty (CPP) in girls with...
OBJECTIVES
To investigate the value of single-phase gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) stimulation test in the diagnosis of central precocious puberty (CPP) in girls with different levels of body mass index (BMI).
METHODS
A retrospective analysis was performed for the data of 760 girls with breast development before 7.5 years of age who attended the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2017 to August 2023. According to the results of GnRH stimulation test and clinical manifestations, they were divided into a CPP group (297 girls) and a non-CPP group (463 girls). According to the values of BMI, the girls were divided into a normal weight group (540 girls), an overweight group (116 girls), and an obese group (104 girls). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to investigate the value of single-phase GnRH stimulation test in the diagnosis of CPP in girls with different levels of BMI.
RESULTS
Luteinizing hormone (LH)/follicle-stimulating hormone at 30 minutes after GnRH stimulation had an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.985 in the diagnosis of CPP, which was higher than the AUC at 0, 60, and 90 minutes (<0.05). LH at 30 minutes had a similar diagnostic value to LH at 60 minutes (>0.05). LH at 30 minutes was negatively correlated with BMI and BMI-Z value (<0.05).The AUC for diagnosing CPP in normal weight, overweight, and obese girls at 30 minutes LH was 0.952, 0.965, and 0.954, respectively (<0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
The 30-minute GnRH stimulation test has a good value in the diagnosis of CPP in girls with different levels of BMI and is expected to replace the traditional GnRH stimulation test, but the influence of BMI on LH level should be taken seriously.
Topics: Humans; Puberty, Precocious; Female; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; Body Mass Index; Child; Retrospective Studies; Luteinizing Hormone; Follicle Stimulating Hormone; ROC Curve; Child, Preschool
PubMed: 38926375
DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2312011 -
Veterinary Sciences Jun 2024This prospective study investigated the ultrasonographic appearance of the canine testis from birth to adulthood. Eight purpose-bred laboratory Beagle-breed dogs were...
This prospective study investigated the ultrasonographic appearance of the canine testis from birth to adulthood. Eight purpose-bred laboratory Beagle-breed dogs were monitored from 4 to 40 weeks of life. The following parameters were evaluated every two weeks: bodyweight and height, scrotal and testicular volume, ultrasonographically measured testicular volume, echogenicity, heterogeneity, blood-flow score, ratio of the grayscale intensity value of the testis to the capsule, ejaculate volume, motility, viability, and number of spermatozoa. A correlation analysis was carried out between the various measurements obtained. Fertility was achieved in the 36th week of life. The echogenicity of the testicular parenchyma increased with age, and subsequently to the 30th week of life remained constant. The heterogeneity of the testicular parenchyma, as was evaluated by the standard deviation of the values of grayscale intensity of the parenchyma, also increased with age and was >19 at the onset of fertility. The ratio of grayscale intensity of testicular parenchyma had values < 200 at maturity. A colour Doppler evaluation first detected blood flow in the testis in the 22nd week. After the 32nd week, distinct signals were visible. In the 36th week, >80% of the testes imaged had visible vessels. A significant correlation was found between all the evaluation methods. The findings of the study may help clinicians detect the onset of fertility in dogs, especially when semen evaluation is not feasible; however, their applicability in all breeds or individuals might possibly vary due to genetic, physiological, and developmental differences. In summary, the study ultrasonographically explores the testicular maturity in dogs, with the aim to improve clinical assessments and health management in these animals.
PubMed: 38922017
DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11060270 -
Current Issues in Molecular Biology May 2024Sexual maturation of Atlantic salmon males is marked by dramatic endocrine changes and rapid growth of the testes, resulting in an increase in the gonad somatic index...
Sexual maturation of Atlantic salmon males is marked by dramatic endocrine changes and rapid growth of the testes, resulting in an increase in the gonad somatic index (GSI). We examined the association of gonadal growth with serum sex steroids, as well as pituitary and testicular gene expression levels, which were assessed with a DNA oligonucleotide microarray. The testes transcriptome was stable in males with a GSI < 0.08% despite the large difference between the smallest and the largest gonads. Fish with a GSI ≥ 0.23% had 7-17 times higher serum levels of five male steroids and a 2-fold increase in progesterone, without a change in cortisol and related steroids. The pituitary transcriptome showed an upregulation of the hormone-coding genes that control reproduction and behavior, and structural rearrangement was indicated by the genes involved in synaptic transmission and the differentiation of neurons. The observed changes in the abundance of testicular transcripts were caused by the regulation of transcription and/or disproportional growth, with a greater increase in the germinative compartment. As these factors could not be separated, the transcriptome results are presented as higher or lower specific activities (HSA and LSA). LSA was observed in 4268 genes, including many genes involved in various immune responses and developmental processes. LSA also included genes with roles in female reproduction, germinal cell maintenance and gonad development, responses to endocrine and neural regulation, and the biosynthesis of sex steroids. Two functional groups prevailed among HSA: structure and activity of the cilia (95 genes) and meiosis (34 genes). The puberty of A. salmon testis is marked by the predominance of spermatogenesis, which displaces other processes; masculinization; and the weakening of external regulation. Results confirmed the known roles of many genes involved in reproduction and pointed to uncharacterized genes that deserve attention as possible regulators of sexual maturation.
PubMed: 38920991
DOI: 10.3390/cimb46060319 -
Current Oncology (Toronto, Ont.) May 2024Ovarian transposition (OT) has been proposed as a protective measure against radiation-induced damage to ovarian function and fertility. Despite its historical use,... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
Ovarian transposition (OT) has been proposed as a protective measure against radiation-induced damage to ovarian function and fertility. Despite its historical use, limited research has focused on evaluating endocrine and exocrine ovarian function after OT performed in adolescents and young adults (AYAs) before or during puberty. The purpose of our study was to investigate the fertility, pubertal development, and ovarian function of women with a previous history of OT during childhood, adolescence or young adulthood. In an observational bicentric retrospective study, we included 32 young female cancer patients who underwent OT before the age of 26 between 1990 and 2015 at Lyon Léon Bérard Cancer Center or Nancy University Hospital. The mean age at the time of OT was 15.6 years with a cancer diagnosis at 15 ± 4.8 years. Among the 10 women attempting pregnancy post-treatment, 60% achieved successful pregnancies. After a mean follow-up of 9.6 ± 7 years, 74% (17 out of 23) of women recovered spontaneous menstrual cycles (seven out of eight evaluable women with OT before or during puberty). Notably, 35% of women who did not attempt pregnancy demonstrated adequate ovarian reserve. Ovarian reserve and function recovery were influenced by the specific chemotherapy received. Importantly, our findings suggest that OT's effectiveness on ovarian activity resumption does not significantly differ when performed before or during puberty compared to pubertal stages. This study contributes valuable insights into the long-term reproductive outcomes of young women undergoing OT, emphasizing its potential efficacy in preserving ovarian function and fertility across different developmental stages.
Topics: Humans; Female; Adolescent; Ovary; Young Adult; Neoplasms; Retrospective Studies; Fertility Preservation; Adult; Child; Fertility; Ovarian Reserve
PubMed: 38920724
DOI: 10.3390/curroncol31060240 -
Journal of Mammary Gland Biology and... Jun 2024Conflicting data exist as to how mammary epithelial cell proliferation changes during the reproductive cycle. To study the effect of endogenous hormone fluctuations on...
Conflicting data exist as to how mammary epithelial cell proliferation changes during the reproductive cycle. To study the effect of endogenous hormone fluctuations on gene expression in the mouse mammary gland, we performed bulk RNAseq analyses of epithelial and stromal cell populations that were isolated either during puberty or at different stages of the adult virgin estrous cycle. Our data confirm prior findings that proliferative changes do not occur in every mouse in every cycle. We also show that during the estrous cycle the main gene expression changes occur in adipocytes and fibroblasts. Finally, we present a comprehensive overview of the Wnt gene expression landscape in different mammary gland cell types in pubertal and adult mice. This work contributes to understanding the effects of physiological hormone fluctuations and locally produced signaling molecules on gene expression changes in the mammary gland during the reproductive cycle and should be a useful resource for future studies investigating gene expression patterns in different cell types across different developmental timepoints.
Topics: Animals; Female; Mice; Mammary Glands, Animal; Stromal Cells; Epithelial Cells; Transcriptome; Gene Expression Profiling; Sexual Maturation; Cell Proliferation; Estrous Cycle
PubMed: 38916673
DOI: 10.1007/s10911-024-09565-1 -
BioRxiv : the Preprint Server For... Jun 2024Many transgender youth seek gender affirming care, such as puberty suppression, to prolong decision-making and to align their physical sex characteristics with their...
UNLABELLED
Many transgender youth seek gender affirming care, such as puberty suppression, to prolong decision-making and to align their physical sex characteristics with their gender identity. During peripubertal growth, connective tissues such as tendon rapidly adapt to applied mechanical loads (e.g., exercise) yet if and how tendon adaptation is influenced by sex and gender affirming hormone therapy during growth remains unknown. The goal of this study was to understand the how pubertal suppression influences the structural and functional properties of the Achilles tendon using an established mouse model of transmasculine gender affirming hormone therapy. C57BL/6N female-born mice were assigned to experimental groups to mimic gender-affirming hormone therapy in human adolescents, and treatment was initiated prior to the onset of puberty (at postnatal day 26, P26). Experimental groups included controls and mice serially treated with gonadotropin release hormone analogue (GnRHa), delayed Testosterone (T), or GnRHa followed by T. We found that puberty suppression using GnRHa, with and without T, improved the overall tendon load capacity in female-born mice. Treatment with T resulted in an increase in the maximum load that tendon can withstand before failure. Additionally, we found that GnRHa, but not T, treatment resulted in a significant increase in cell density at the Achilles enthesis.
NEW & NOTEWORTHY
These findings demonstrate that puberty suppression or testosterone does not negatively influence tendon structural or functional properties in a mouse model of transmasculine gender affirming care. In all treatment groups, the ability of the tendon to withstand load was significantly increased. Puberty suppression with GnRHa significantly increased enthesis cell density, suggesting an extended growth phase. These findings elucidate the effects of gender affirming care on the structural and functional properties of the tendon and enthesis.
PubMed: 38915724
DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.10.598308 -
BioRxiv : the Preprint Server For... Jun 2024Postnatal genomic regulation significantly influences tissue and organ maturation but is under-studied relative to existing genomic catalogs of adult tissues or prenatal...
Postnatal genomic regulation significantly influences tissue and organ maturation but is under-studied relative to existing genomic catalogs of adult tissues or prenatal development in mouse. The ENCODE4 consortium generated the first comprehensive single-nucleus resource of postnatal regulatory events across a diverse set of mouse tissues. The collection spans seven postnatal time points, mirroring human development from childhood to adulthood, and encompasses five core tissues. We identified 30 cell types, further subdivided into 69 subtypes and cell states across adrenal gland, left cerebral cortex, hippocampus, heart, and gastrocnemius muscle. Our annotations cover both known and novel cell differentiation dynamics ranging from early hippocampal neurogenesis to a new sex-specific adrenal gland population during puberty. We used an ensemble Latent Dirichlet Allocation strategy with a curated vocabulary of 2,701 regulatory genes to identify regulatory "topics," each of which is a gene vector, linked to cell type differentiation, subtype specialization, and transitions between cell states. We find recurrent regulatory topics in tissue-resident macrophages, neural cell types, endothelial cells across multiple tissues, and cycling cells of the adrenal gland and heart. Cell-type-specific topics are enriched in transcription factors and microRNA host genes, while chromatin regulators dominate mitosis topics. Corresponding chromatin accessibility data reveal dynamic and sex-specific regulatory elements, with enriched motifs matching transcription factors in regulatory topics. Together, these analyses identify both tissue-specific and common regulatory programs in postnatal development across multiple tissues through the lens of the factors regulating transcription.
PubMed: 38915583
DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.12.598567 -
Journal of Clinical Research in... Jun 2024Delayed puberty is thought to be common in boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) treated with long term oral glucocorticoid. This study aims to report the...
BACKGROUND
Delayed puberty is thought to be common in boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) treated with long term oral glucocorticoid. This study aims to report the frequency of delayed puberty in DMD from examination by a paediatric endocrinologist alongside detailed endocrine investigations.
METHODS
All boys with DMD aged at least 14 years in January 2022 known to the paediatric neuromuscular service (2016-2022) were included in this study. Delayed puberty was defined based on testicular volume and genital staging in comparison to published puberty nomogram.
RESULTS
Twenty-four out of 37 boys (65%) had evidence of delayed puberty, 23/24 (96%) of those with delayed puberty were on glucocorticoid therapy all of whom were on daily glucocorticoid. On the other hand, 7/13 (54%) of those with normal timing of puberty were on glucocorticoid; 2/7 (29%) were on the intermittent regimen. Of those who were on daily glucocorticoid therapy at the time of assessment of puberty, 23/28 (82%) had evidence of delayed puberty. In boys with delayed puberty, endocrine investigations showed low luteinizing hormone (LH) with undetectable testosterone levels, a pre-pubertal response with lutenizing hormone releasing hormone test and sub-optimal testosterone levels with prolonged human chorionic gonadotropin stimulation.
CONCLUSION
The frequency of delayed puberty in boys with DMD was 65%. Eighty-two percent of adolescent boys with DMD on daily glucocorticoid had evidence of delayed puberty. Biochemical investigations point to functional central hypogonadism in these adolescents. Our data supports the routine monitoring of puberty in boys with DMD.
PubMed: 38915199
DOI: 10.4274/jcrpe.galenos.2024.2024-2-18 -
Journal of Clinical Research in... Jun 202417α‑hydroxylase/17,20‑lyase deficiency (17OHD) is a rare form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia that causes decreased cortisol and sex steroid levels and leads to...
17α‑hydroxylase/17,20‑lyase deficiency (17OHD) is a rare form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia that causes decreased cortisol and sex steroid levels and leads to high production of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). Although affected patients have absolute cortisol deficiency, they do not show clinical signs of cortisol deficiency or hyperpigmentation. These patients most commonly present with delayed puberty and amenorrhea at late pubertal age. Impaired production of sex steroids leads to ambiguous or female external genitalia in affected 46, XY individuals. In this report, we describe a patient with 17OHD who presented with hyperpigmentation and hypergonodotropic hypogonadism while receiving chemotherapy.
PubMed: 38912718
DOI: 10.4274/jcrpe.galenos.2024.2024-3-13 -
The Indian Journal of Radiology &... Jul 2024Macrodystrophia lipomatosa (MDL) is a rare congenital, nonhereditary anomaly characterized by overgrowth of all the mesenchymal elements, predominantly the fibroadipose...
Macrodystrophia lipomatosa (MDL) is a rare congenital, nonhereditary anomaly characterized by overgrowth of all the mesenchymal elements, predominantly the fibroadipose tissue in a sclerotomal distribution commonly involving the median nerve territory in the upper extremity and plantar nerve territory in the lower extremity. It can be either static or progressive, with the former being the more common. MDL is usually present since birth and the affected digit/region increases in length and girth, and growth ceases after puberty. We discuss a rare case of ulnar nerve territory involvement that progressed to grow even after puberty.
PubMed: 38912255
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1777745