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Cureus Apr 2024Primary immunodeficiency (PID) Disorders include a variable group of diseases that are classified according to the functional defects encountered. Chronic granulomatous...
Primary immunodeficiency (PID) Disorders include a variable group of diseases that are classified according to the functional defects encountered. Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is inherited as an X-linked recessive disorder in many cases, and it is the clinical model of disorders of phagocytosis. Skin and solid organs abscesses are the most common presenting symptoms; we will report the case of a four-day-old boy admitted to our hospital for a neck mass with purulent discharges associated with umbilical stump and circumcision site infection; the diagnosis of CGD was later confirmed by the Dihydrorhodamine (DHR) test that turned out to be positive.
PubMed: 38817488
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.59374 -
Frontiers in Medicine 2024The administration of anesthesia for elderly individuals who are critically ill, suffering from severe craniocerebral injuries, and living in plateau regions presents a...
BACKGROUND
The administration of anesthesia for elderly individuals who are critically ill, suffering from severe craniocerebral injuries, and living in plateau regions presents a rare, intricate, and high-risk challenge. This case study outlines the specific anesthesia management protocols necessary for plateau-dwelling patients with significant craniocerebral damage undergoing prolonged invasive procedures.
CASE REPORT
A 76-year-old male patient had a 26-year history of foreign-body penetration of the skull and had experienced local purulent discharge and pain for the previous 20 days. The diagnoses included right hypoplasia, a foreign body in the skull with an infection, hypokalemia, hypoproteinemia, pulmonary fibrous foci, and bilateral pleural effusion. For almost 6 months, the patient suffered from recurring headaches, blurred vision, and sluggish bodily movement. The patient had a poor diet, poor sleep quality, normal urination, and no noticeable weight loss since the onset of the illness. The right anterior ear had a 2 cm skin abscess with yellow pus and a black metal foreign body tip. The left eyelid was red and swollen, and the left conjunctiva was hyperemic; the right eyelid showed no abnormalities, and both pupils were wide and round, with light and adjustment reflexes and no cyanosis on the lips. Skull development was normal. No dry or moist rales were audible in either lung. The heart rhythm was regular, and the heart rate was 50 bpm. Chest CT revealed left lung calcification foci, bilateral pleural effusion, and fiber foci in the lower lobes of both lungs.
CONCLUSION
Furthermore, the patient in question was of advanced age and had a complex medical history, including prolonged exposure to high altitudes and previous instances of severe craniocerebral trauma, among other uncommon pathophysiological characteristics. In particular, the patient also underwent surgical interventions at both high and low altitudes, adding to the complexity of their case. To ensure patient safety, close multidisciplinary collaboration, the development of a precise surgical plan, and the implementation of a suitable perioperative anesthetic management strategy are imperative.
PubMed: 38803347
DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1385603 -
Clinical Case Reports Jun 2024Among the multitude of causes for acute abdomen patients presenting with free intraperitoneal air, one almost never finds infected pancreatic necrosis as one of the...
KEY CLINICAL MESSAGE
Among the multitude of causes for acute abdomen patients presenting with free intraperitoneal air, one almost never finds infected pancreatic necrosis as one of the culprits. In patients with risk factors for acute pancreatitis presenting with generalized peritonitis with free intraperitoneal air, consideration should be given to this often deadly entity.
ABSTRACT
Acute pancreatitis is a morbid acute abdominal pathology that has been increasing in incidence in recent years. Most patients have a mild disease and treated medically, while a few proportion require interventional procedures. We present the case of a 39-year-old male patient who presented with progressive abdominal pain, vomiting, and yellowish discoloration of the eyes. The abdominal condition progressed to the point where clinical signs became consistent with generalized peritonitis and an x-ray finding of free intraperitoneal air. The patient underwent exploratory laparotomy with intraoperative findings of intraperitoneal rupture of infected pancreatic necrosis with intraperitoneal purulent collection. He was managed with necrosectomy and discharged improved after intensive care and general ward stay.
PubMed: 38803324
DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.8958 -
International Journal of Surgery Case... Jun 2024Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health concern, particularly in low-income countries like Tunisia, despite advancements in healthcare and antibiotic...
INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health concern, particularly in low-income countries like Tunisia, despite advancements in healthcare and antibiotic accessibility. Gastrointestinal tuberculosis, although rare, can affect various parts of the gastrointestinal tract, with perianal involvement being exceptionally uncommon. We present a case of isolated perianal tuberculosis, emphasizing the complexities in diagnosis and management. In this context, we present a case of isolated perianal tuberculosis in a 51-year-old male, highlighting the diagnostic challenges and emphasizing the need for early recognition and comprehensive management strategies.
CASE PRESENTATION
A 51-year-old male presented with recurrent anal pain and purulent perianal discharge, without respiratory or gastrointestinal symptoms. Physical examination revealed indurated ulceration and fistulas, suggestive of recurrent anal fistulas. Biopsy and culture confirmed the diagnosis of isolated perianal tuberculosis, with no pulmonary or gastrointestinal involvement.
CLINICAL DISCUSSION
Perianal tuberculosis presents unique challenges in diagnosis and management, often mimicking other conditions like Crohn's disease. Differential diagnosis requires a multidisciplinary approach, including biopsy, acid-fast staining, polymerase chain reaction, and cultures. Successful management involves a combination of surgical intervention and antituberculous therapy, yielding favorable outcomes with minimal recurrence.
CONCLUSION
Early recognition and comprehensive management are crucial in isolated perianal tuberculosis to prevent recurrence and unnecessary surgical interventions. This case underscores the importance of considering tuberculosis in the differential diagnosis of perianal pathologies, particularly in TB-endemic regions like Tunisia. Prompt initiation of appropriate therapy is essential for favorable patient outcomes.
PubMed: 38761692
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2024.109770 -
Journal of Dairy Science May 2024The objective of this prospective cohort study was to determine if progesterone (P4) profiles differed between dairy cows with or without inflammatory disorders early...
The objective of this prospective cohort study was to determine if progesterone (P4) profiles differed between dairy cows with or without inflammatory disorders early postpartum. A total of 708 cows from 2 commercial herds were enrolled 3 wk before parturition and examined for clinical health disorders (retained placenta, metritis, displaced abomasum, mastitis, or lameness) until 5 wk postpartum. Serum haptoglobin (Hp) was measured in blood at 2 and 6 (±2) DIM, metritis was assessed at 4, 8, 11, and 15 DIM, and purulent vaginal discharge and endometritis (≥6% polymorphonuclear cells in endometrial cytology sampled by cytobrush) were assessed at 35 ± 3 DIM. As Hp ≥0.8 g/L or endometritis were associated with ovarian dysfunction in previous studies, cows with serum Hp ≥0.8 g/L at either time point and endometritis, regardless of clinical disease, were classified as the cohort with inflammatory disorders (INFLAM; n = 139). Clinically healthy cows without difficult calving or twin birth, with Hp <0.8 g/L at both sampling times, without endometritis, and BCS ≥3.00 (1 to 5 scale) were classified as healthy (n = 133). Cows with only one of the 2 conditions (high Hp or endometritis) were excluded. Cohorts had serum P4 measured twice weekly from 35 to 70 (±3) DIM, and the first detected luteal phase (LP) during the sampling period was defined as the interval from onset of luteal activity (P4 increase to ≥1 ng/mL) until decline of P4 to <1 ng/mL. The odds of prolonged LP (≥21 d), average LP length, peak P4, and time to P4 decline (hazard rate) were analyzed using multivariable mixed logistic, linear, or Cox proportional hazard regression models including INFLAM status, parity, sampling day (when applicable), and herd as a random effect considering the covariates of season, milk yield at first DHIA test, and DIM at onset of cyclicity or LP length (when applicable). Cows with INFLAM had greater odds of prolonged LP (LSM ± SEM; 67% vs. 37% ± 7), greater average LP length (17 vs. 15 ± 2 d), lesser P4 at d 4 (4.6 vs. 5.5 ± 0.3 ng/mL) and d 7 (6.0 vs. 7.7 ± 0.3 ng/mL) of the LP, and lesser peak P4 (6.9 vs. 8.2 ± 0.3 ng/mL) during the LP than healthy cows. Status of INFLAM was associated with time to P4 decline in multiparous but not primiparous cows; the LP of INFLAM multiparous cows was less likely to have luteolysis (P4 decline) by d 14 [adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) and 95% CI: 0.54; 0.31 to 0.94] or by d 21 (AHR: 0.32; 0.12 to 0.84) than in healthy multiparous cows. In conclusion, postpartum cows with markers of systemic inflammation at wk 1 and uterine inflammation at wk 5 had altered luteal function (prolonged LP and lower P4 concentrations) before first breeding, which is a possible pathway linking postpartum health disorders and infertility.
PubMed: 38754832
DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-24604 -
MBio Jun 2024has been attributed to playing a major role in a cascade of events that affect the prevalence and severity of uterine disease in cattle. The objectives of this project...
has been attributed to playing a major role in a cascade of events that affect the prevalence and severity of uterine disease in cattle. The objectives of this project were to (i) define the association between the prevalence of specific antimicrobial resistance and virulence factor genes in with the clinical status related to uterine infection, (ii) identify the genetic relationship between isolates from cows with diarrhea, with mastitis, and with and without metritis, and (iii) determine the association between the phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistance identified on the isolated from postpartum cattle. Bacterial isolates ( = 148) were obtained from a larger cross-sectional study. Cows were categorized into one of three clinical groups before enrollment: metritis, cows with purulent discharge, and control cows. For genomic comparison, public genomes ( = 130) from cows with diarrhea, mastitis, and metritis were included in a genome-wide association study, to evaluate differences between the drug classes or the virulence factor category among clinical groups. A distinct genotype associated with metritis could not be identified. Instead, a high genetic diversity among the isolates from uterine sources was present. A virulence factor previously associated with metritis (H) using PCR was not associated with metritis. There was moderate accuracy for whole-genome sequencing to predict phenotypic resistance, which varied depending on the antimicrobial tested. Findings from this study contradict the traditional pathotype classification and the unique intrauterine genotype associated with metritis in dairy cows.IMPORTANCEMetritis is a common infectious disease in dairy cattle and the second most common reason for treating a cow with antimicrobials. The pathophysiology of the disease is complex and is not completely understood. Specific endometrial pathogenic have been reported to be adapted to the endometrium and sometimes lead to uterine disease. Unfortunately, the specific genomic details of the endometrial-adapted isolates have not been investigated using enough genomes to represent the genomic diversity of this organism to identify specific virulence genes that are consistently associated with disease development and severity. Results from this study provide key microbial ecological advances by elucidating and challenging accepted concepts for the role of Intrauterine in metritis in dairy cattle, especially contradicting the existence of a unique intrauterine genotype associated with metritis in dairy cows, which was not found in our study.
Topics: Cattle; Animals; Female; Virulence Factors; Escherichia coli Infections; Escherichia coli; Genotype; Cattle Diseases; Postpartum Period; Cross-Sectional Studies; Whole Genome Sequencing; Uterine Diseases; Genome, Bacterial; Uterus; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Genome-Wide Association Study; Drug Resistance, Bacterial
PubMed: 38742889
DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01027-24 -
Urology Case Reports May 2024Necrotizing penile infection following ischemic priapism takedown is a rare complication. A 60-year-old man presented with 1-week history of green and pink purulent...
Necrotizing penile infection following ischemic priapism takedown is a rare complication. A 60-year-old man presented with 1-week history of green and pink purulent discharge, penile swelling, and inability to void. Computed tomography demonstrated gas and fluid accumulation within the corporal bodies, suggestive for bilateral penile necrotizing corporal infection with possibility of intra-corporal abscesses. The patient underwent extensive serial surgical debridement of the penile and corporal tissues which was complicated with poly-microbial tissue cultures, growing and . Despite maximal penile drainage, glans penis gangrene was developed to level of mid penile shaft necessitating a partial penectomy.
PubMed: 38711672
DOI: 10.1016/j.eucr.2024.102745 -
The American Journal of Case Reports May 2024BACKGROUND Histoplasmosis is typically associated with immunocompromised individuals, but cases in immunocompetent patients are rare. Primary cutaneous histoplasmosis...
BACKGROUND Histoplasmosis is typically associated with immunocompromised individuals, but cases in immunocompetent patients are rare. Primary cutaneous histoplasmosis (PCH) is a challenging diagnosis due to its clinical polymorphism and can mimic other infectious and non-infectious diseases. Previous cases of PCH have been reported in immunocompetent patients with underlying medical conditions or trauma history. So far there have been no reports of PCH after platelet-rich plasma (PRP) application due to inadequate hygiene measures in an immunocompetent host. CASE REPORT This case report presents a rare occurrence of PCH following a cosmetic procedure (PRP injection) in an immunocompetent patient. The patient developed nodule-like lesions at the application sites, which progressed to ulceration with purulent discharge. Initially, atypical mycobacterial infection was suspected, and empirical antibiotic therapy was initiated. Complementary tests were performed, ruling out immunosuppression and systemic pathogens. The patient showed complete resolution of the lesions after one month of atypical treatment with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX). Pathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of PCH with intracytoplasmic inclusions of Histoplasma sp. CONCLUSIONS This case highlights the importance of considering histoplasmosis as a diagnostic possibility, especially in hyperendemic areas like Venezuela. Direct inoculation of Histoplasma sp. after aesthetic procedures without proper hygiene measures can lead to pathological lesions, even in immunocompetent individuals. TMP/SMX can be considered as an alternative treatment option in the absence of the first-line medication. Further exploration of this treatment approach may benefit patients with similar clinical conditions or when ideal treatment options are unavailable.
Topics: Humans; Histoplasmosis; Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination; Platelet-Rich Plasma; Female; Cosmetic Techniques; Dermatomycoses; Immunocompetence; Adult
PubMed: 38702880
DOI: 10.12659/AJCR.942660 -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Apr 2024To support farmers in their decisions related to Q fever, a dedicated economic assessment tool is developed. The present work describes the calculator, its economic...
To support farmers in their decisions related to Q fever, a dedicated economic assessment tool is developed. The present work describes the calculator, its economic rationale, and the supporting assumptions. The calculator integrates a yearly compartmental model to represent population dynamism and the main interactions between disorders linked to Q fever, especially reproductive disorders (abortion, retained foetal membranes, purulent vaginal discharge and endometritis, extra services, and calving-conception delays). The effects of the nontangible cost of the disease on human health, the welfare of the animals, and the workload of farmers were not integrated into the model. The model shows high-level sensitivity to the prevalence of Q fever in the herd prevaccination and to the costs of abortion and extra days of calving-conception intervals. Breakeven points, i.e., cost values that allow us to achieve positive vaccination benefits, are also reported. For herds with moderate or high prevalence rates of Q fever prevaccination (>30%), a vaccination benefit is observed. The vaccine should be considered a type of insurance in herds with low prevalence rates of Q fever prevaccination (≤20%). The calculator was developed to aid decision-making at the farm level, and no conclusion can be extrapolated as a generic trend based on the present work.
PubMed: 38672314
DOI: 10.3390/ani14081166 -
Case Reports in Gastroenterology 2024Crohn's disease (CD) is complicated by intestinal strictures and fistula formation; however, intestinal perforation is relatively rare.
INTRODUCTION
Crohn's disease (CD) is complicated by intestinal strictures and fistula formation; however, intestinal perforation is relatively rare.
CASE PRESENTATION
Following a traffic accident in the evening, a 39-year-old woman experienced abdominal pain that worsened the following morning and was taken to the emergency department. She had a 17-year history of CD and eight endoscopic balloon dilations for descending colonic strictures. She presented with a high fever of 40.0°C, along with tenderness and rebound pain throughout her abdomen, with the most substantial point being in the lower left abdomen. Computed tomography showed thickening of the descending colon wall, increased fat concentration around the wall, and a slight presence of air in the mesentery near the intestinal wall. We diagnosed the patient with generalized peritonitis due to traumatic penetration of the mesentery of the descending colon and performed emergency surgery. Intraoperative observation of the abdominal cavity with a laparoscope revealed purulent ascites but no apparent perforation or edematous mesentery, with white moss and redness in the descending colon. This prompted the decision to perform peritoneal lavage drainage and a transverse colonic double colostomy. The postoperative course was favorable, and the patient was discharged from the hospital on the postoperative day 14. Four months after discharge, colostomy closure was performed.
CONCLUSION
Relatively minor trauma in patients with CD can result in colon injury. An injured bowel is usually accompanied by active lesions due to CD; however, caution is required, as endoscopic balloon dilatation without accompaniment may be a background factor.
PubMed: 38665146
DOI: 10.1159/000537973