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Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare 2023Childhood abuse and neglect is defined as any intentional harm or mistreatment of a child that results in actual or potential harm to the child's health, survival and...
Lifetime Experience of Childhood Abuse and Neglect Among High School Students at Debre Tabor Town, South Gondar Zone, Northwest Ethiopia: An Institution-Based Cross-Sectional Study.
BACKGROUND
Childhood abuse and neglect is defined as any intentional harm or mistreatment of a child that results in actual or potential harm to the child's health, survival and development. It has been linked to an increased risk of a wide range of serious short- and long-term medical and mental health problems. Although it is a complex societal issue, it receives limited research attention in the area.
OBJECTIVE
To assess lifetime prevalence of childhood abuse and neglect among high school students in Debre Tabor town, south Gondar Zone, Northwest Ethiopia, 2022.
METHODS
A cross-sectional study design was used to assess 423 high school students, chosen through a systematic sampling technique. Data were collected using a pre-tested, structured and self-administered international child abuse screening tool, child version (ICAST-C). The effect of independent variables on the outcome variable was explored using logistic regression analyses. The level of significances were determined using an odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval.
RESULTS
Of the 423 study participants, 84.4% had lifetime experience of childhood abuse and neglect. Being female (AOR=4.5, 95% CI: 2.38, 8.60), parental marital status (AOR=5.4, 95% CI: 1.07, 27.3), illiteracy of father (AOR=1.65, 95% CI: 4.5, 6.03), birth order (AOR=4.5, 95% CI: 1.57, 13.0), open family discussion of sexual matters (AOR=0.37, 95% CI:1.74, 7.86), and watching pornography (AOR=0.08, 95% CI: 0.02, 0.40) were significantly associated with lifetime experience of childhood abuse and neglect.
CONCLUSION
Lifetime experience of childhood abuse and neglect was high as compared with previous studies. Being female, parental marital status, illiterate fathers, watching pornography, and open family discussion of sexual matters were predictors of childhood abuse and neglect. Dealing with this issue should be considered an integral component of high school students' care, including parental education and respite care.
PubMed: 38107084
DOI: 10.2147/JMDH.S427251 -
African Journal of Disability 2023Families are the primary caregivers for persons with intellectual disability (ID), offering informal support to ensure community living. Ensuring families are adequately... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Families are the primary caregivers for persons with intellectual disability (ID), offering informal support to ensure community living. Ensuring families are adequately supported is key to reduce the financial, physical, mental and social toll which long-standing inadequately supported care giving may evoke. Respite care is such a support service offered to caregivers and care-recipients with ID.
OBJECTIVE
Part of a larger study aimed at developing a respite care service framework for persons with ID for South Africa, the review aimed to elucidate what principles and practices inform current respite care services for this population globally.
METHOD
The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) scoping review framework guided the review. Databases were searched using key and surrogate terms for relevant literature published from 2006 to 2021.
RESULTS
Thirty-one sources met the inclusion criteria from 417 screened sources of evidence. These were published between 2006 and 2020, and included grey and peer-reviewed articles, the latter mostly mixed design. Information on respite care service characteristics, principles, practices, guidelines, evaluations and impacts were found for high- but not low-and-middle-income countries (LMICs).
CONCLUSION
There is an existing knowledge base that can be drawn on to inform the development of quality respite care. The lack of published information on respite care in LMICs necessitates further research to ensure contextually appropriate respite care developments in these settings.
CONTRIBUTION
This study contributes to the knowledge base on respite care for persons with ID and points out the research gap in LMICs.
PubMed: 38090196
DOI: 10.4102/ajod.v12i0.1115 -
PloS One 2023Adult Day care centres provide an important aspect of care provision through all phases of the dementia illness from diagnosis to the end of life (Dabelko HI 2008)... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Adult Day care centres provide an important aspect of care provision through all phases of the dementia illness from diagnosis to the end of life (Dabelko HI 2008) supporting the well-being of both older people living with dementia and their care partners. Services within adult day care settings are designed to provide biopsychosocial health benefits to participants as well as care partner respite.
OBJECTIVE
To examine research studies, literature reviews and grey literature and identify and map the literature on psychosocial interventions used in day care services for older people living with dementia and chart their use, evaluation and outcomes. The research review question is "what are the psychosocial interventions used in day care service for older people living with dementia?" Psychosocial interventions are important non-pharmacological interventions which support people's wellbeing.
METHODS
Inclusion/Exclusion criteria were identified and guided the search strategy. Participants were people aged 60 years and over living with dementia attending day care services. The use of psychosocial interventions for this cohort was the focus of the review. Databases were searched (Cochrane Reviews, CINAHL, Embase, Medline EBSCO, Medline Ovid, Medline PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus, Open Grey, Lenus and WHO Global Index Medicus databases) using keywords/terms with Boolean operators from 2011 to 2023. Rayyan was used to extract and manage the data.
RESULTS
The findings present a narrative and charting of the data from the 45 papers that met the review criteria, and this data is mapped onto the five objectives. Within this review, interventions were grouped into five broad types: nature (n = 6 papers), memory/cognitive (n = 11 papers), social (n = 17 papers), animal (n = 4 papers), or physical/sensory (n = 7 papers) based interventions.
CONCLUSIONS
This review has illustrated the wide variety in the types, range and facilitation of psychosocial interventions within adult day care services. This review highlights the potential benefits of these interventions. However, findings must be considered in the context that many were provided as brief intervention studies with little evidence of continuation after the study and further research is required given the complex and diverse range of interventions. Results will be of interest to practitioners planning to implement or evaluate psychosocial interventions used in day care services for older people living with dementia.
Topics: Humans; Middle Aged; Aged; Dementia; Psychosocial Intervention; Day Care, Medical
PubMed: 38079409
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295507 -
Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research Nov 2023Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a genetically heterogeneous disorder that leads to secondary ciliary dysfunction. PCD is a rare disease, and data on it are limited...
PURPOSE
Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a genetically heterogeneous disorder that leads to secondary ciliary dysfunction. PCD is a rare disease, and data on it are limited in Korea. This study systematically evaluated the clinical symptoms, diagnostic characteristics, and treatment modalities of pediatric PCD in Korea.
METHODS
This Korean nationwide, multicenter study, conducted between January 2000 and August 2022, reviewed the medical records of pediatric patients diagnosed with PCD. Prospective studies have been added to determine whether additional genetic testing is warranted in some patients.
RESULTS
Overall, 41 patients were diagnosed with PCD in 15 medical institutions. The mean age at diagnosis was 11.8 ± 5.4 years (range: 0.5 months-18.9 years). Most patients (40/41) were born full term, 15 (36.6%) had neonatal respiratory symptoms, and 12 (29.3%) had a history of admission to the neonatal intensive care unit. The most common complaint (58.5%) was chronic nasal symptoms. Thirty-three patients were diagnosed with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and 12 patients by genetic studies. TEM mostly identified outer dynein arm defects (alone or combined with inner dynein arm defects, n = 17). The genes with the highest mutation rates were (3 cases) and (3 cases). Rare genotypes (, , ) were found as well. Chest computed tomography revealed bronchiectasis in 33 out of 41 patients. Among them, 15 patients had a PrImary CiliAry DyskinesiA Rule score of over 5 points.
CONCLUSIONS
To our knowledge, this is the first multicenter study to report the clinical characteristics, diagnostic methods, and genotypes of PCD in Korea. These results can be used as basic data for further PCD research.
PubMed: 37957793
DOI: 10.4168/aair.2023.15.6.757 -
Palliative Care and Social Practice 2023Providing specially trained volunteer navigators is one promising strategy for supporting the increasing number of family caregivers who are caring for children living...
BACKGROUND
Providing specially trained volunteer navigators is one promising strategy for supporting the increasing number of family caregivers who are caring for children living with medical complexity.
OBJECTIVE
The objective of this study was to develop consensus on the role and competencies required for volunteer navigators who support caregivers of children living with medical complexity.
DESIGN
This was a mixed-method study using modified e-Delphi and focus group methods. In phase 1, a modified e-Delphi survey with 20 family caregivers and a focus group with 4 family caregivers were conducted to develop consensus on their unmet needs and the potential roles of a volunteer to meet those needs. In phase 2, a modified e-Delphi survey was conducted with experts to develop consensus on the volunteer competencies required to meet the roles identified by family caregivers in phase 1.
RESULTS
Findings from phase 1 resulted in 36 need-related items over 8 domains: communication, daily life and chores, emotional support, information and knowledge, respite, support with decision-making, and sharing the caregiving experience. Concerns about the volunteer role included the potential lack of commitment in the absence of remuneration, the complexity of the child's condition that was beyond the role of a volunteer, and a preference for support from individuals they knew. Findings from the phase 2 Delphi survey with professionals resulted in 22 competencies, derived from the roles identified in phase 1, that would be required of volunteers who wished to support these family caregivers.
CONCLUSION
This study provides insight into a role for volunteers in meeting the needs of family caregivers of children living with medical complexity. A volunteer with lived experience and adequate preparation can assist with meeting some of these important needs. Further research is required to better understand the feasibility and acceptability of such a role.
PubMed: 37954463
DOI: 10.1177/26323524231209060 -
Drugs & Aging Dec 2023There has been considerable focus on the use of psychotropic agents in people living with dementia in long-term care. However, psychotropic use often commences well... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
There has been considerable focus on the use of psychotropic agents in people living with dementia in long-term care. However, psychotropic use often commences well before transitioning to long-term care.
OBJECTIVES
To synthesize the available literature to identify factors associated with psychotropic medication use in people living with dementia in the community.
METHODS
This PROSPERO-registered review reports findings from a comprehensive search of Embase, PsycINFO, and PubMed (including MEDLINE) databases according to predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria (2010-2022). Inclusion criteria were original prospective or retrospective design research papers enrolling people diagnosed with dementia utilizing a psychotropic medication and living at home. Quality and risk of bias was assessed Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. The last search was conducted in November 2022. Thematic analysis was used to synthesize the emergent factors identified, and a meta-analysis was undertaken on suitable data.
RESULTS
The search identified 619 articles. After review and exclusions, 39 articles were included for synthesis, including 1,338,737 people. The majority of papers (67%) were rated as low risk of bias and corresponding good quality. Thematic analysis suggested associations between psychotropic prescribing and patient and environmental factors, with little data concerning carer and prescriber factors. Such factors included age (< 75 years, > 90 years), sex, more advanced functional decline, and living alone. Meta-analysis identified significant associations between psychotropic use and respite (temporary full-time care or hospitalization) and comorbid psychiatric illness.
CONCLUSIONS
While it is clear from this review that there remains a significant lack of clarity as to the reasons why these medications are being utilized in this population, this review provides greater insight and understanding into the context of psychotropic use. The study has highlighted an opportunity for further targeted research to be conducted and provides a much-needed context for this to occur.
PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER
CRD42021286322.
Topics: Humans; Aged; Dementia; Prospective Studies; Retrospective Studies; Psychotropic Drugs
PubMed: 37943474
DOI: 10.1007/s40266-023-01070-0 -
International Journal of General... 2023To investigate the family support, anxiety, depression, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and their associations among parents and grandparents of children with...
PURPOSE
To investigate the family support, anxiety, depression, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and their associations among parents and grandparents of children with disabilities.
METHODS
This is a cross-sectional study and a total of 327 family caregivers were included. Chi-square test, Mann-Whitney -test, and two independent -test were used to identify the intergenerational differences in sociodemographic characteristics, received family support, anxiety, depression, and HRQoL. Eight generalized linear models were developed to examine the associations in both generations.
RESULTS
Parents and grandparents were most in need of rehabilitation and financial support, but both populations received the least amount of financial support. 33.6% and 36.1% of family caregivers had the risk of anxiety and depression and found no significant intergenerational differences. As for HRQoL, intergenerational differences were found in the physical component score, but not found in the mental component score. Among parents, childcare support of respite care and household tasks assistance was negatively associated with their depression (<0.05), professional support of appropriate surgery for children (<0.05) and psychological support from professional psychologists (<0.01) were negatively associated with their anxiety and depression, psychological support from relatives and friends was negatively associated with their depression (<0.05) whereas was positively associated with their mental HRQoL (<0.01). As for grandparents, financial support for daily living expenses was negatively associated with depression (<0.05), and psychological support from families was negatively associated with depression (<0.05) whereas was positively associated with mental HRQoL (<0.05). However, no relationship was found between family support and anxiety among grandparents. Notably, no association was found between family support and physical HRQoL among both populations.
CONCLUSION
Both parents and grandparents had high risks of anxiety, depression and low levels of mental HRQoL. To efficiently improve psychological health, care providers and policymakers may consider intergenerational differences and provide targeted family support.
PubMed: 37942475
DOI: 10.2147/IJGM.S434900 -
PloS One 2023Caring for someone with cancer during end of life care can be a challenging and complex experience. Those living in rural and regional areas are less likely to have...
BACKGROUND
Caring for someone with cancer during end of life care can be a challenging and complex experience. Those living in rural and regional areas are less likely to have local healthcare services and may be physically isolated. Even where support services such as respite do exist, they may be less likely to be accessed due to the time burden in travelling to services. This was compounded by the COVID-19 pandemic.
AIM
To understand the potential benefits of peer support for bereaved carers of people with cancer from rural and regional locations during the COVID-19 period.
METHODS
Phone interviews were conducted with bereaved cancer carers living in rural and regional areas in Victoria. Semi-structured interviews were used, and participants were asked about their experience as a carer, bereavement and the potential for peer support. Interviews were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim; transcripts were coded and a thematic analysis was conducted.
FINDINGS
12 interviews were conducted. Carers were mostly female (85%) and were on average 58 years of age (range 42-71). Interviews lasted an average of 58 minutes (range 53-91 minutes). Three themes were derived from the data; 1) Supportive care needs while caring and the impact of COVID-19; 2) Isolation during bereavement compounded by the COVID-19 pandemic; and 3) Peer support requires flexibility to meet diverse needs.
CONCLUSION
Peer support has potential to assist bereaved carers of people with cancer. A co-design approach may be beneficial for developing a flexible model for supporting and linking carers together.
Topics: Humans; Female; Male; Caregivers; Pandemics; COVID-19; Terminal Care; Neoplasms
PubMed: 37934771
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293724 -
Healthcare Policy = Politiques de Sante Oct 2023From a larger study examining policy and program information on how Canadian provinces integrate care services, this study aimed to create "priority lists" of 10-15...
INTRODUCTION
From a larger study examining policy and program information on how Canadian provinces integrate care services, this study aimed to create "priority lists" of 10-15 services that are "absolutely needed" for care integration.
METHODOLOGY
A diverse group of over 50 Canadian stakeholders participated in virtual consensus-building using the nominal group technique and a modified e-Delphi method to identify services that focused on two different groups: children and youth with high functional health needs and older adults in functional decline.
RESULTS
Three lists - containing services, processes and infrastructure elements - emerged: one per tracer condition group and a consolidated list. The latter identified the following five services as top priority for primary care integration: mental health and addictions services; home care; transition between urgent-emergency-acute care; medication reconciliation in community pharmacies; and respite care. No single social service was a clear priority, but those that mitigate material deprivation emerged within the top 10.
DISCUSSION
This humble pan-Canadian study shows that priority services in health and social services are neither well integrated nor connected to primary care. It also suggests that effective policy strategizing for primary care integration for those with complex care needs may require thinking beyond the logic of services - given their siloed organization.
Topics: Child; Adolescent; Humans; Aged; Canada; Consensus; Emergency Medical Services
PubMed: 37850703
DOI: 10.12927/hcpol.2023.27181