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Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) May 2024is notably rich in flavonoids and phenylethanoid glycosides, making it a significant natural source of antioxidants. We examined the effects of aqueous extract (CNE)...
is notably rich in flavonoids and phenylethanoid glycosides, making it a significant natural source of antioxidants. We examined the effects of aqueous extract (CNE) on growth performance, antioxidant function, immunity, intestinal barrier function, nutrient transporters, and microbiota of broilers. A total of 360 one-day-old broilers were randomly assigned to four treatment groups: a basal diet with 0 (control, CON), 300 mg/kg (CNEL), 500 mg/kg (CNEM), and 700 mg/kg (CNEH) CNE for 42 days. CNEL and CNEM groups quadratically increased body weight and average daily gain but decreased feed-to-gain ratios during the starter and whole phases. Regarding the immune response of broilers, CNE treatment linearly down-regulated jejunal myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) expression and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interferon-γ expression in the liver (d 21), while decreasing jejunal IL-1β expression and the concentration of serum tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 (d 42). The CNEM and CNEH groups had lower MyD88 and nuclear factor kappa B expression in the liver (d 21) compared to the CON group. Broilers in the CNEL and CNEM groups had higher spleen index and thymus index (d 21) and interleukin-10 expression from the liver and jejunal mucosa (d 42) than that in the CON group. For the antioxidant capacity of broilers, CNE treatment linearly decreased the content of malonaldehyde and increased the activity of total antioxidant capacity in serum (d 42). CNEM and CNEH groups linearly increased the activity of superoxide dismutase in serum and heme oxygenase-1 expression in the liver, while increasing the activity of glutathione peroxidase in serum, jejunal nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 expression, and NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 expression in the liver (d 42). As for the growth hormone of broilers, CNEM group increased the level of serum insulin-like growth factor 1 and up-regulated jejunal glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2) expression (d 21). Broilers in the CNEM and CNEH groups had higher jejunal GLP-2 expression and growth hormone (GH) expression in the liver and the level of serum GH (d 42) than that in the CON group. Additionally, the villus height and jejunal Occludin and Claudin-1 expression in the CNEM group increased. CNE-containing diets resulted in a linear increase in the expression of jejunal zonula occluden-1 (d 21), villus height to crypt depth ratio, jejunal Occludin, excitatory amino acid transporters-3, and peptide-transporter 1 (d 42). The regulation of , , and genera indicated that CNEH altered the composition of the cecal microbiota. In general, supplementing broilers with aqueous extract could boost hormones, immune and antioxidant function, and gut health, improving their growth performance. Hence, CNE was a promising poultry feed additive, with 500 mg/kg appearing to be the optimal dose.
PubMed: 38790677
DOI: 10.3390/antiox13050572 -
Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) Apr 2024This study investigated the effects of an antibiotic cocktail on intestinal microbial composition, mechanical barrier structure, and immune functions in early broilers....
This study investigated the effects of an antibiotic cocktail on intestinal microbial composition, mechanical barrier structure, and immune functions in early broilers. One-day-old healthy male broiler chicks were treated with a broad-spectrum antibiotic cocktail (ABX; neomycin, ampicillin, metronidazole, vancomycin, and kanamycin, 0.5 g/L each) or not in drinking water for 7 and 14 days, respectively. Sequencing of 16S rRNA revealed that ABX treatment significantly reduced relative Firmicutes, unclassified Lachnospiraceae, unclassified Oscillospiraceae, , and unclassified Ruminococcaceae abundance in the cecum and relative Firmicutes, and abundance in the ileum, but significantly increased richness (Chao and ACE indices) and relative abundance in the ileum and cecum along with relatively enriched Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Cyanobacteria, and levels in the ileum following ABX treatment for 14 days. ABX treatment for 14 days also significantly decreased intestinal weight and length, along with villus height (VH) and crypt depth (CD) of the small intestine, and remarkably increased serum , , , and levels, as well as intestinal mucosa and activity. Moreover, prolonged use of ABX significantly downregulated , , and gene expression, along with goblet cell numbers in the ileum. Additionally, chickens given ABX for 14 days had lower acetic acid, butyric acid, and isobutyric acid content in the cecum than the chickens treated with ABX for 7 days and untreated chickens. Spearman correlation analysis found that those decreased potential beneficial bacteria were positively correlated with gut health-related indices, while those increased potential pathogenic strains were positively correlated with gut inflammation and gut injury-related parameters. Taken together, prolonged ABX application increased antibiotic-resistant species abundance, induced gut microbiota dysbiosis, delayed intestinal morphological development, disrupted intestinal barrier function, and perturbed immune response in early chickens. This study provides a reliable lower-bacteria chicken model for further investigation of the function of certain beneficial bacteria in the gut by fecal microbiota transplantation into germ-free or antibiotic-treated chickens.
PubMed: 38786141
DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13050413 -
Current Issues in Molecular Biology May 2024The correlation between neurodegenerative diseases and the gut microbiome is increasingly evident, with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) being particularly notable... (Review)
Review
The correlation between neurodegenerative diseases and the gut microbiome is increasingly evident, with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) being particularly notable for its severity and lack of therapeutic options. The gut microbiota, implicated in the pathogenesis and development of ALS, plays a crucial role in the disease. Bioactive plant molecules, specifically volatile compounds in essential oils, offer a promising therapeutic avenue due to their anti-inflammatory properties and gut-modulating effects. Our narrative review aimed to identify microbiota-associated bacteria in ALS and analyze the benefits of administering bioactive plant molecules as much-needed therapeutic options in the management of this disease. A comprehensive search of PubMed database articles published before December 2023, encompassing research on cell, human, and animal ALS models, was conducted. After selecting, analyzing, and discussing key articles, bacteria linked to ALS pathogenesis and physiopathology were identified. Notably, positively highlighted bacteria included (Verrucomicrobia phylum), and spp. (Firmicutes phylum). Conversely, members of the spp. (Proteobacteria phylum) and spp. (Firmicutes phylum) stood out negatively in respect to ALS development. These bacteria were associated with molecular changes linked to ALS pathogenesis and evolution. Bioactive plant molecules can be directly associated with improvements in the microbiome, due to their role in reducing inflammation and oxidative stress, emerging as one of the most promising natural agents for enriching present-day ALS treatments.
PubMed: 38785539
DOI: 10.3390/cimb46050271 -
Scientific Reports May 2024This study aimed to explore the gut microbiota characteristics of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke patients. A case-control study was conducted, and high-throughput...
This study aimed to explore the gut microbiota characteristics of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke patients. A case-control study was conducted, and high-throughput sequencing of the V4-V5 region of 16S rRNA was used to analyze the differences in gut microbiota. The results showed that Proteobacteria was significantly increased in the ischemic stroke group compared with the healthy control group, while Fusobacteria was significantly increased in the hemorrhagic stroke group. In the ischemic stroke group, Butyricimonas, Alloprevotella, and Escherichia were significantly more abundant than in the healthy control group. In the hemorrhagic stroke group, Atopobium, Hungatella, Eisenbergiella, Butyricimonas, Odonbacter, Lachnociostridium, Alistipes, Parabacteroides, and Fusobacterium were significantly more abundant than in the healthy control group. Additionally, Alloprevotella, Ruminococcus, and Prevotella were significantly more abundant in the ischemic stroke group than in the hemorrhagic stroke group. The gut microbiota of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke patients has significant diversity characteristics. These results provide new theoretical basis for exploring the prevention and treatment of different types of stroke through gut microbiota research.
Topics: Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Ischemic Stroke; Male; Hemorrhagic Stroke; Female; Case-Control Studies; Middle Aged; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Aged; Bacteria; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing
PubMed: 38782999
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62606-x -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2024Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a multifactorial chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that affects the large intestine with superficial mucosal inflammation. A dysbiotic...
BACKGROUND
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a multifactorial chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that affects the large intestine with superficial mucosal inflammation. A dysbiotic gut microbial profile has been associated with UC. Our study aimed to characterize the UC gut bacterial, fungal, and metabolic fingerprints by omic approaches.
METHODS
The 16S rRNA- and ITS2-based metataxonomics and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry/solid phase microextraction (GC-MS/SPME) metabolomic analysis were performed on stool samples of 53 UC patients and 37 healthy subjects (CTRL). Univariate and multivariate approaches were applied to separated and integrated omic data, to define microbiota, mycobiota, and metabolic signatures in UC. The interaction between gut bacteria and fungi was investigated by network analysis.
RESULTS
In the UC cohort, we reported the increase of , , Enterobacteriaceae, TM7-3, , , , , , , Gemellaceae, and phenylethyl alcohol; and we also reported the decrease of ; Ruminococcaceae; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; hexadecane; cyclopentadecane; 5-hepten-2-ol, 6 methyl; 3-carene; caryophyllene; p-Cresol; 2-butenal; indole, 3-methyl-; 6-methyl-3,5-heptadiene-2-one; 5-octadecene; and 5-hepten-2-one, 6 methyl. The integration of the multi-omic data confirmed the presence of a distinctive bacterial, fungal, and metabolic fingerprint in UC gut microbiota. Moreover, the network analysis highlighted bacterial and fungal synergistic and/or divergent interkingdom interactions.
CONCLUSION
In this study, we identified intestinal bacterial, fungal, and metabolic UC-associated biomarkers. Furthermore, evidence on the relationships between bacterial and fungal ecosystems provides a comprehensive perspective on intestinal dysbiosis and ecological interactions between microorganisms in the framework of UC.
Topics: Humans; Colitis, Ulcerative; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Male; Adult; Female; Bacteria; Middle Aged; Metabolomics; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Feces; Fungi; Dysbiosis; Metabolome; Aged; Young Adult; Solid Phase Microextraction; Mycobiome; Multiomics
PubMed: 38779566
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1366192 -
Animal Nutrition (Zhongguo Xu Mu Shou... Jun 2024The effects of xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) on broiler growth performance, immune function, and intestinal health were investigated. A total of 540 one-d-old Arbor Acres...
The effects of xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) on broiler growth performance, immune function, and intestinal health were investigated. A total of 540 one-d-old Arbor Acres Plus broilers were randomly divided into 5 groups with 6 replicates per group and 18 chickens per replicate. Broilers in the control (CON) group received a corn-soybean meal based basal diet, those in the antibiotics (ANT) group received the basal diet plus 500 mg/kg oxytetracycline, and those in XOS groups received the basal diet plus 150, 300, or 450 mg/kg XOS. Compared with CON, the body weight at 42 d and average daily gain from 1 to 42 d were significantly increased in the 150, 450 mg/kg XOS-added and ANT groups ( = 0.018), and the relative expression of claudin-1 and 1 mRNA in the ileum was significantly higher in the 300 and 450 mg/kg XOS-added groups ( < 0.001). The feed conversion ratios ( < 0.001) and abdominal fat rates ( = 0.012) of broilers from 1 to 42 d of age were significantly lower in all XOS-added groups than in the control group. Splenic index ( = 0.036) and bursa of Fabricius index ( = 0.009) were significantly better in the ANT group and each XOS-added group than in the control group. Compared to CON and ANT, serum IgA ( = 0.007) and IgG ( = 0.002) levels were significantly higher in the 300 mg/kg XOS-added group, and the relative abundance of short-chain fatty acid-producing genera () was also significantly higher ( < 0.001). Meanwhile, ileal villus height ( < 0.001) and ratio of villus height to crypt depth (V:C) ( = 0.001) were significantly increased in XOS-added broilers. In analysis of relationships between cecal microbes and the physical barrier of the gut, was positively correlated with mRNA expression of ileal and claudin-1 ( < 0.05), and was positively correlated with increased ileal villus height and V:C ( < 0.05). Overall, XOS addition to broiler diets improved growth performance, promoted intestinal health by enhancing intestinal barrier function and regulating cecal microbiota diversity, and had positive effects on immunity.
PubMed: 38779325
DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2024.01.004 -
Environmental Science and Ecotechnology Sep 2024Fruits, vegetables, and dairy products are typically the primary sources of household food waste. Currently, anaerobic digestion is the most used bioprocess for the...
Fruits, vegetables, and dairy products are typically the primary sources of household food waste. Currently, anaerobic digestion is the most used bioprocess for the treatment of food waste with concomitant generation of biogas. However, to achieve a circular carbon economy, the organics in food waste should be converted to new chemicals with higher value than energy. Here we demonstrate the feasibility of medium-chain carboxylic acid (MCCA) production from expired dairy and beverage waste via a chain elongation platform mediated by lactate. In a two-stage fermentation process, the first stage with optimized operational conditions, including varying temperatures and organic loading rates, transformed expired dairy and beverage waste into lactate at a concentration higher than 900 mM C at 43 °C. This lactate was then used to produce >500 mM C caproate and >300 mM C butyrate via microbial chain elongation. Predominantly, lactate-producing microbes such as and were regulated by temperature and could be highly enriched under mesophilic conditions in the first-stage reactor. In the second-stage chain elongation reactor, the dominating microbes were primarily from the genera and , shaped by varying feed and inoculum sources. Co-occurrence network analysis revealed positive correlations among species from the genera , , and -352, as well as , , and , indicating strong microbial interactions that enhance caproate production. These findings suggest that producing MCCAs from expired dairy and beverage waste via lactate-mediated chain elongation is a viable method for sustainable waste management and could serve as a chemical production platform in the context of building a circular bioeconomy.
PubMed: 38774191
DOI: 10.1016/j.ese.2024.100424 -
Renal Failure Dec 2024Research has showcased a correlation between disruptions in gut microbiota and primary membranous nephropathy (pMN), giving rise to the concept of the 'gut-kidney axis'....
BACKGROUND
Research has showcased a correlation between disruptions in gut microbiota and primary membranous nephropathy (pMN), giving rise to the concept of the 'gut-kidney axis'. However, the precise relationship between gut microbiota and pMN remains elusive. Hence, this study endeavors to investigate whether a causal relationship exists between gut microbiota and pMN utilizing Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.
METHODS
The primary method employed for MR analysis is the inverse variance weighting method, supplemented by MR-Egger and the weighted median method, to infer causality. This approach was validated within the pMN cohort across two distinct populations.
RESULTS
At the species level, the abundance of and was negatively correlated with the risk of pMN. Conversely, pMN was positively associated with abundance at the class level, abundance at the family level, and abundance at the genus level. Specifically, at the species level, pMN was positively correlated with the abundance of , , and
CONCLUSION
These findings lay the groundwork for future research exploring the interplay between pMN and the gut microbiota, with substantial implications for the prevention and treatment of pMN and its associated complications.
Topics: Humans; Mendelian Randomization Analysis; Glomerulonephritis, Membranous; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Male; Female; Middle Aged; Bifidobacterium bifidum; Adult
PubMed: 38770992
DOI: 10.1080/0886022X.2024.2349136 -
Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2024The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of a mixture of Chinese medicinal residues (CMRs) consisting of residues (SMR) and residues (IRR) on productive...
The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of a mixture of Chinese medicinal residues (CMRs) consisting of residues (SMR) and residues (IRR) on productive performance, egg quality, serum lipid and hormone levels, liver and blood antioxidant capacity, oviduct inflammation levels, and gut microbiota in the late-laying stage. A total of 288 fifty-four-week-old long-tailed hens were divided into four groups. The feed trial period was 8 weeks. The control group was fed the basic diet as a CCMR group, supplemented with 3, 4, and 6% for the experimental groups LCMR, MCMR, and HCMR. The egg production rate of the MCMR group was 8.1% higher than that of the CCMR group ( < 0.05). Serum triglyceride (TG) levels of hens of the CMR-supplemented group were significantly decreased than those of the CCMR group ( < 0.05). The group supplemented with different levels of CMR had significantly higher serum HDL-C levels compared with the control group ( < 0.05). Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels were remarkably increased for the LCMR and MCMR groups and significantly decreased for the HCMR group compared to CCMR ( < 0.05). Serum and liver glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) activities were significantly increased, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were significantly decreased in the MCMR group compared to the CCMR group ( < 0.05). The expression levels of tubal inflammatory factor markers (IL-4, IL-1β, TNF-α) in the MCMR and HCMR groups were consistent with the pathological findings of the sections. As for cecal microbiota, supplementation with CMR affected the alpha diversity of the cecum microbiome at the genus level. The Shannon index was significantly higher in the MCMR group than in the CCMR and HCMR groups ( < 0.05). Supplementation with different levels of CMR mainly regulated the ratio of intestinal to and the abundance of phyla such as . In addition, CMR supplementation at different levels in the diet enriched lipid-metabolizing bacteria, such as and . Furthermore, according to linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSe) analysis, the MCMR group showed an increase in the number of short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria and fiber-degrading specialized bacteria . Therefore, supplementation of appropriate amounts of CMR to the diet of laying hens enhanced reproductive hormone levels, hepatic antioxidant capacity, and lipid metabolism, alleviated the levels of oviductal inflammatory factors, and modulated the abundance structure of bacterial flora to improve the late-laying performance and egg quality. The results of the current study showed that CMR is a beneficial feed supplement for chickens when added in moderation.
PubMed: 38764854
DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1381226 -
Heliyon May 2024The aim of this study was to confirm the presence of the form deprivation myopia (FDM) guinea pig eye-gut axis and investigate the relationship between serum vasoactive...
AIM
The aim of this study was to confirm the presence of the form deprivation myopia (FDM) guinea pig eye-gut axis and investigate the relationship between serum vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), lipopolysaccharides (LPS), specific gut microbiota and their metabolites.
METHOD
20 specific-pathogen-free (SPF) guinea pigs were divided into the FDM and the control(Con) group. Following model induction, serum levels of VIP and LPS were quantified. A combination of 16S ribosomal ribosomal Ribonucleic Acid (rRNA) gene sequencing, non-targeted metabolomics and bioinformatics analysis were employed to identify disparities in gut microbiota and metabolites between the two groups of guinea pigs.
RESULT
Compared to the control group, FDM guinea pigs exhibited a significant trend towards myopia, along with significantly elevated concentrations of LPS and VIP ( < 0.0001). Furthermore, Ruminococcus_albus emerged as the predominant bacterial community enriched in FDM ( < 0.05), and demonstrated positive correlations with 10 metabolites, including l-Glutamic acid, Additionally, Ruminococcus_albus exhibited positive correlations with VIP and LPS levels ( < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
The findings suggest that the Ruminococcus_Albus and glutamate metabolic pathways play a significant role in myopia development, leading to concurrent alterations in serum VIP and LPS levels in FDM guinea pigs. This underscores the potential of specific gut microbiota and their metabolites as pivotal biomarkers involved in the pathogenesis of myopia.
PubMed: 38756593
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30491