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Scientific Reports Jun 2024In electroretinographic (ERG) recordings of zebrafish, the light stimulus is usually delivered by a fiber optic cable. The purpose of this study was to determine whether...
In electroretinographic (ERG) recordings of zebrafish, the light stimulus is usually delivered by a fiber optic cable. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the angle of incidence of the stimulus light from the fiber optic cable will affect the amplitudes and implicit times of the ERGs of zebrafish larvae. The larvae were positioned on their side with the right eye pointed upward. The light stimuli were delivered by a fiber optic cable from three directions of the larvae: frontal 0° (F0°), dorsal 30°(D30°), and ventral 30°(V30°). Photopic ERGs were recorded from 16 larvae at age 5-6 days post-fertilization. Our results showed that the mean amplitude of the b-wave elicited at D30° and V30° stimulation was significantly smaller than that elicited at F0° stimulation (P = 0.014 and P = 0.019, respectively). In addition, the mean amplitude of the d-wave elicited at D30° and V30° stimulation was significantly smaller than that elicited at F0° stimulation (P < 0.0001 and P = 0.015, respectively). However, the difference between the b-wave amplitudes elicited at D30° and V30° stimuli were not significant (P = 0.98), and the d-wave amplitudes were also not significantly different (P = 0.20). The average b-wave amplitudes elicited at D30° stimulation was 84.6 ± 15.7% and V30° stimulation was 84.8 ± 17.4% relative to that of F0° stimulation. The average d-wave amplitudes elicited by D30° stimulation was 85.5 ± 15.2% and by V30° stimulation was 79.0 ± 11.0% relative to that of F0° stimulation. The differences in the implicit times of the b- and d-wave elicited by the different directions of stimulation were not significant (P = 0.52 and P = 0.14, respectively). We conclude that the amplitude of the photopic ERGs is affected by the angle of the incident light. Thus, it would be better to use ganzfeld stimuli to elicit maximum b- and d-wave amplitudes of the photopic ERGs of zebrafish larvae.
Topics: Animals; Zebrafish; Electroretinography; Larva; Photic Stimulation; Light; Retina
PubMed: 38926421
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65017-0 -
Ceska a Slovenska Oftalmologie :... 2024To summarize the history and current trends in the use of scleral grafts in ophthalmology. (Review)
Review
AIM
To summarize the history and current trends in the use of scleral grafts in ophthalmology.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We conducted a review of the literature through the MEDLINE and Cochrane Library databases. The search terms were "sclera", "graft", and "surgery". The search resulted in 1596 articles, of which we evaluated 192 as relevant. The relevant articles were sorted chronologically and according to the method of using scleral grafts, which enabled the development of a review article.
RESULTS
The sclera has been routinely used in ophthalmology since the 1950s in many different indications. Some of these indications have become practically obsolete over time (for example, use in the surgical management of retinal detachment), but a large number still find application today (especially use in glaucoma or oculoplastic surgery, or as a patch for a defect in the sclera or cornea).
CONCLUSION
Even though allogeneic sclera is currently used less frequently in ophthalmology compared to other tissue banking products and the range of its indications has partially narrowed, it remains a useful material due to its availability and properties.
Topics: Sclera; Humans; Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures; Eye Diseases
PubMed: 38925901
DOI: 10.31348/2024/11 -
Ceska a Slovenska Oftalmologie :... 2024The primary aim of this study is to evaluate the repeatability of noninvasive break-up time (NIBUT) measurement by keratograph when it is determined from one, two or...
AIM
The primary aim of this study is to evaluate the repeatability of noninvasive break-up time (NIBUT) measurement by keratograph when it is determined from one, two or three partial measurements, and to recommend a suitable methodology for practice. Another goal is to verify that repeated measurements do not affect the measured value.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Thirty-eight healthy volunteers (30 women and 8 men) aged between 19 and 50 years old were included in the study, in which only one eye of each volunteer was measured. The study was designed as a prospective one. Each subject adapted to the local conditions of the laboratory for 15 minutes and subsequently underwent two series of NIBUT measurements (test, retest) on an OCULUS 3 Keratograph. The minimum time interval between the two series was 10 minutes, in which each series contained three partial measurements approximately 3 three measurements in the given series. Repeatability was assessed by a Bland-Altman analysis and expressed as a repeatability coefficient. In every case, only the time of the first break-up of the tear film was monitored.
RESULTS
The statistical analysis did not show statistically significant differences both between partial measurements of NIBUT in the individual series (p = 0.92, p = 0.81) and when comparing all six measurements (p = 0.95). The mean values of the partial measurements ranged from 13.6 s to 14.4 s. The repeatability coefficients were found to be 15.0 s, 12.1 s and 10.0 s for methodologies A, B and C, respectively. A supplementary analysis for 12 eyes with low NIBUT (< 10 s) showed statistically significantly better repeatability in this group, with coefficients of 7.0 s (methodology A), 6.0 s (B) and 4.6 s (C).
CONCLUSION
Determination of NIBUT from three consecutive measurements (with a sufficient interval of ideally a few minutes) significantly improves repeatability. Such repeated NIBUT measurements do not have a significant effect on the measured value. The mentioned methodology for measuring NIBUT on a keratograph can be recommended for use in practice.
Topics: Humans; Adult; Female; Male; Middle Aged; Reproducibility of Results; Young Adult; Tears; Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological; Cornea; Prospective Studies
PubMed: 38925898
DOI: 10.31348/2024/26 -
Ceska a Slovenska Oftalmologie :... 2024To demonstrate a rare case of ciliary body leiomyoma in our patient Case report: A 72-year-old female reported to our clinic for a preventive examination, upon which we...
AIM
To demonstrate a rare case of ciliary body leiomyoma in our patient Case report: A 72-year-old female reported to our clinic for a preventive examination, upon which we found a dome-shaped grey-brownish mass on the retinal periphery. After completing gonioscopic and ultrasound examinations, we referred the patient to a specialist facility. Due to a finding of suspicious malignant melanoma, we completed the MRI scan and recommended enucleation of the eyeball. A histopathological examination showed a leiomyoma of the ciliary body.
CONCLUSION
The aim of this case report is to demonstrate the difficulty of intraocular leiomyoma diagnosis. Only immunohistochemical examination differentiated the tumor from malignant melanoma and determined the diagnosis of ciliary body leiomyoma. Perhaps because of the extreme rarity of this type of tumor, we often neglect to consider a diagnosis of leiomyoma.
Topics: Humans; Leiomyoma; Female; Ciliary Body; Aged; Uveal Neoplasms; Melanoma; Diagnosis, Differential
PubMed: 38925897
DOI: 10.31348/2024/30 -
Ceska a Slovenska Oftalmologie :... 2024This research was conducted to determine the normal values of choroidal thickness in healthy individuals and to evaluate the relationship between this thickness and age,...
AIM
This research was conducted to determine the normal values of choroidal thickness in healthy individuals and to evaluate the relationship between this thickness and age, gender, refraction, axial length and average macular thickness using OCT.
MATERIAL AND METHOD
In the study, the right eyes of 400 healthy individuals (234 women, 166 men) between the ages of 4 and 70 years, who applied to the Department of Ophthalmology outpatient clinic for examination, were evaluated.
RESULTS
Macular thickness, macular volume, and foveal thickness were found to be 249.12 ±21.32 µm, 9.98 ±0.5 µm3 and 280 ±13.45 µm, respectively. According to linear regression analysis, a negative correlation was detected between age and subfoveal choroidal thickness (p < 0.05). It was determined that foveal thickness, retinal volume and average retinal thickness were higher in men, and foveal thickness increased with age (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
As a result of the research, it was determined that age is an important factor affecting choroidal thickness. It is thought that, in future, improving in vivo imaging of the choroid and measuring choroidal thickness using OCT will facilitate understanding of the pathophysiological basis of many ophthalmological diseases.
Topics: Humans; Male; Choroid; Tomography, Optical Coherence; Female; Middle Aged; Adult; Aged; Macula Lutea; Young Adult; Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Reference Values
PubMed: 38925894
DOI: 10.31348/2024/24 -
Ceska a Slovenska Oftalmologie :... 2024To investigate the concordance between the corneal power determined by various approaches with two tomographers (MS-39® and Galilei G6®) and the clinical history...
AIMS
To investigate the concordance between the corneal power determined by various approaches with two tomographers (MS-39® and Galilei G6®) and the clinical history method (CHM) in patients undergoing photorefractive surgery with excimer laser for myopic errors.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Prospective cohort study. Patients undergoing keratorefractive surgery, and having pre- and postoperative keratometries, and tomographies, were included.
RESULTS
In 90 eyes, the differences in the power estimated by the CHM and the one determined by four approaches with the corneal tomographers, which included measurements of the posterior cornea, did not show statistically significant differences in their averages. However, the 95% limits of agreement were very wide. After obtaining regression formulas to adjust the values of these four variables, the results of the agreement analysis were similar.
CONCLUSION
Although certain values either directly determined or derived from measurements with the Galilei® and MS-39®corneal tomographers, approximated the estimated value of postoperative corneal power according to the CHM, due to the amplitude of their limits of agreement, these calculations must be taken with care, because they may not be accurate in a given eye.
Topics: Humans; Cornea; Myopia; Adult; Prospective Studies; Male; Female; Photorefractive Keratectomy; Young Adult; Corneal Topography; Lasers, Excimer; Refraction, Ocular
PubMed: 38925892
DOI: 10.31348/2024/23 -
Translational Vision Science &... Jun 2024This study investigated the distribution of fundus tessellation density (FTD) in a Chinese pediatric population and its potential in reflecting early myopic maculopathy...
PURPOSE
This study investigated the distribution of fundus tessellation density (FTD) in a Chinese pediatric population and its potential in reflecting early myopic maculopathy (tessellated fundus).
METHODS
Participants were enrolled from kindergartens, primary schools, and middle schools, with cluster sampling in Shanghai, China. A series of ophthalmic examinations was conducted. Based on fundus photograph, FTD was quantitatively assessed using an artificial intelligence algorithm, and tessellated fundus was diagnosed by well-trained ophthalmologists.
RESULTS
A total of 14,234 participants aged four to 18 years were included, with 7421 boys (52.1%). Tessellated fundus was observed in 2200 (15.5%) participants. The median of FTD was 0.86% (range 0.0-42.1%). FTD increased with age and axial length. In the logistics regression, larger FTD was independently associated with tessellated fundus (P < 0.001). The area under curves of receiver operating characteristic curve for categorizing tessellated fundus using FTD was 0.774, and the cutoff point of FTD was 2.22%.
CONCLUSIONS
The density of fundus tessellation was consistent with the severity of myopia. FTD could help diagnose the early stage of myopic maculopathy, tessellated fundus, providing a new pattern for myopia screening and detection of early myopic fundus changes.
TRANSLATIONAL RELEVANCE
Quantification of fundus tessellation with artificial intelligence could help detect early myopic maculopathy.
Topics: Humans; Male; Adolescent; Child; Female; Fundus Oculi; Child, Preschool; China; ROC Curve; Myopia, Degenerative; Macular Degeneration; Artificial Intelligence; Photography
PubMed: 38922627
DOI: 10.1167/tvst.13.6.22 -
Metabolites Jun 2024High levels of serum uric acid (SUA) and triglycerides (TG) might promote high-cardiovascular-risk phenotypes, including subclinical atherosclerosis. An interaction...
High levels of serum uric acid (SUA) and triglycerides (TG) might promote high-cardiovascular-risk phenotypes, including subclinical atherosclerosis. An interaction between plaques xanthine oxidase (XO) expression, SUA, and HDL-C has been recently postulated. Subjects from the URic acid Right for heArt Health (URRAH) study with carotid ultrasound and without previous cardiovascular diseases (CVD) (n = 6209), followed over 20 years, were included in the analysis. Hypertriglyceridemia (hTG) was defined as TG ≥ 150 mg/dL. Higher levels of SUA (hSUA) were defined as ≥5.6 mg/dL in men and 5.1 mg/dL in women. A carotid plaque was identified in 1742 subjects (28%). SUA and TG predicted carotid plaque (HR 1.09 [1.04-1.27], < 0.001 and HR 1.25 [1.09-1.45], < 0.001) in the whole population, independently of age, sex, diabetes, systolic blood pressure, HDL and LDL cholesterol and treatment. Four different groups were identified (normal SUA and TG, hSUA and normal TG, normal SUA and hTG, hSUA and hTG). The prevalence of plaque was progressively greater in subjects with normal SUA and TG (23%), hSUA and normal TG (31%), normal SUA and hTG (34%), and hSUA and hTG (38%) (Chi-square, 0.0001). Logistic regression analysis showed that hSUA and normal TG [HR 1.159 (1.002 to 1.341); = 0.001], normal SUA and hTG [HR 1.305 (1.057 to 1.611); = 0.001], and the combination of hUA and hTG [HR 1.539 (1.274 to 1.859); = 0.001] were associated with a higher risk of plaque. Our findings demonstrate that SUA is independently associated with the presence of carotid plaque and suggest that the combination of hyperuricemia and hypertriglyceridemia is a stronger determinant of carotid plaque than hSUA or hTG taken as single risk factors. The association between SUA and CVD events may be explained in part by a direct association of UA with carotid plaques.
PubMed: 38921458
DOI: 10.3390/metabo14060323 -
Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2024Evaluation of post-nephrectomy social health in living kidney donors is essential. This systematic review examines their emotional need for social relatedness... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Evaluation of post-nephrectomy social health in living kidney donors is essential. This systematic review examines their emotional need for social relatedness post-donation.
METHODS
Following the PRISMA guidelines, we systematically searched Scopus, CINAHL, and PsycINFO.
RESULTS
Among the screened records, 32 quantitative and 16 qualitative papers met the inclusion criteria. Quantitative research predominantly utilized questionnaires featuring generic items on social functioning. However, a minority delved into emotional and social dimensions, aligning with qualitative studies emphasizing the importance of social connection and perceived social support post-donation. Specifically, post-donation changes in connecting with others encompass a sense of belongingness, heightened autonomy, shifts in concern for the recipient's health, and continued care by shielding the recipient from personal health issues. Social acknowledgment and social support from both close and extended networks are reported as relevant for recovery after nephrectomy.
DISCUSSION
These findings underscore the necessity for targeted measures of emotional needs and social functioning to effectively assess post-donation adjustment. They also inform the identification of key health themes for kidney donor Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) and Patient-Reported Experience Measures (PREMs) questions.
PubMed: 38921330
DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12121216 -
Cells Jun 2024Choroideremia is an X-linked chorioretinal dystrophy caused by mutations in , encoding Rab escort protein 1 (REP-1), leading to under-prenylation of Rab GTPases (Rabs)....
Choroideremia is an X-linked chorioretinal dystrophy caused by mutations in , encoding Rab escort protein 1 (REP-1), leading to under-prenylation of Rab GTPases (Rabs). Despite ubiquitous expression of , the phenotype is limited to degeneration of the retina, retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), and choroid, with evidence for primary pathology in RPE cells. However, the spectrum of under-prenylated Rabs in RPE cells and how they contribute to RPE dysfunction remain unknown. A CRISPR/Cas-9-edited iPSC-RPE model was generated with isogenic control cells. Unprenylated Rabs were biotinylated in vitro and identified by tandem mass tag (TMT) spectrometry. Rab12 was one of the least prenylated and has an established role in suppressing mTORC1 signaling and promoting autophagy. iPSC-RPE cells demonstrated increased mTORC1 signaling and reduced autophagic flux, consistent with Rab12 dysfunction. Autophagic flux was rescued in cells by transduction with gene replacement (ShH10-CMV-) and was reduced in control cells by siRNA knockdown of Rab12. This study supports Rab12 under-prenylation as an important cause of RPE cell dysfunction in choroideremia and highlights increased mTORC1 and reduced autophagy as potential disease pathways for further investigation.
Topics: Choroideremia; Humans; Retinal Pigment Epithelium; Autophagy; Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells; rab GTP-Binding Proteins; Models, Biological; Signal Transduction; Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1; Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing
PubMed: 38920696
DOI: 10.3390/cells13121068