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BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders Jun 2024Sit-to-stand (STS) is one of the most commonly performed functional movements in a child's daily life that enables the child to perform functional activities such as...
BACKGROUND
Sit-to-stand (STS) is one of the most commonly performed functional movements in a child's daily life that enables the child to perform functional activities such as independent transfer and to initiate walking and self-care. Children with cerebral palsy (CP) often have reduced STS ability. The aim of this study was to describe STS performance in a national based total population of children with CP and its association with age, sex, Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) level, and CP subtype.
METHODS
This cross-sectional study included 4,250 children (2,503 boys, 1,747 girls) aged 1-18 years from the Swedish Cerebral Palsy Follow-Up Program (CPUP). STS performance was classified depending on the independence or need for support into "without support," "with support," or "unable." "With support" included external support from, e.g., walls and furniture. Physical assistance from another person was classified as "unable" (dependent). Ordinal and binary logistic regression analyses were used to identify associations between STS and age, GMFCS level, and CP subtype.
RESULTS
60% of the children performed STS without support, 14% performed STS with support, and 26% were unable or needed assistance from another person. STS performance was strongly associated with GMFCS level and differed with age and subtype (p < 0.001). For all GMFCS levels, STS performance was lowest at age 1-3 years. Most children with GMFCS level I (99%) or II (88%) performed STS without support at the age of 4-6 years. In children with GMFCS level III or IV, the prevalence of independent STS performance improved throughout childhood. CP subtype was not associated with STS performance across all GMFCS levels when adjusted for age.
CONCLUSIONS
Independent STS performance in children with CP is associated with GMFCS level and age. Children with CP acquire STS ability later than their peers normally do. The proportion of children with independent STS performance increased throughout childhood, also for children with GMFCS level III or IV. These findings suggest the importance of maintaining a focus on STS performance within physiotherapy strategies and interventions for children with CP, including those with higher GMFCS level.
Topics: Humans; Cerebral Palsy; Cross-Sectional Studies; Male; Female; Child; Child, Preschool; Adolescent; Sweden; Infant; Sitting Position; Standing Position; Motor Skills; Activities of Daily Living
PubMed: 38862936
DOI: 10.1186/s12891-024-07557-0 -
Journal of Sports Science & Medicine Jun 2024Arm-cycling is a versatile exercise modality with applications in both athletic enhancement and rehabilitation, yet the influence of forearm orientation remains...
Arm-cycling is a versatile exercise modality with applications in both athletic enhancement and rehabilitation, yet the influence of forearm orientation remains understudied. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the impact of forearm position on upper-body arm-cycling Wingate tests. Fourteen adult males (27.3 ± 5.8 years) underwent bilateral assessments of handgrip strength in standing and seated positions, followed by pronated and supinated forward arm-cycling Wingate tests. Electromyography (EMG) was recorded from five upper-extremity muscles, including anterior deltoid, triceps brachii lateral head, biceps brachii, latissimus dorsi, and brachioradialis. Simultaneously, bilateral normal and propulsion forces were measured at the pedal-crank interface. Rate of perceived exertion (RPE), power output, and fatigue index were recorded post-test. The results showed that a pronated forearm position provided significantly (p < 0.05) higher normal and propulsion forces and triceps brachii muscle activation patterns during arm-cycling. No significant difference in RPE was observed between forearm positions (p = 0.17). A positive correlation was found between seated handgrip strength and peak power output during the Wingate test while pronated (dominant: p = 0.01, r = 0.55; non-dominant: p = 0.03, r = 0.49) and supinated (dominant: p = 0.03, r = 0.51; don-dominant: p = 0.04, r = 0.47). Fatigue changed the force and EMG profile during the Wingate test. In conclusion, this study enhances our understanding of forearm position's impact on upper-body Wingate tests. These findings have implications for optimizing training and performance strategies in individuals using arm-cycling for athletic enhancement and rehabilitation.
Topics: Humans; Male; Electromyography; Forearm; Hand Strength; Adult; Muscle, Skeletal; Young Adult; Biomechanical Phenomena; Pronation; Exercise Test; Supination; Muscle Fatigue; Physical Exertion; Arm; Upper Extremity
PubMed: 38841629
DOI: 10.52082/jssm.2024.396 -
Journal of Clinical Imaging Science 2024Many clinicians use radiological imaging in efforts to locate and diagnose the cause of their patient's pain, relying on X-rays as a leading tool in clinical evaluation.... (Review)
Review
Many clinicians use radiological imaging in efforts to locate and diagnose the cause of their patient's pain, relying on X-rays as a leading tool in clinical evaluation. This is fundamentally flawed because an X-ray represents a "snapshot" of the structural appearance of the spine and gives no indication of the current function of the spine. The health and well-being of any system, including the spinal motion segments, depend on the inter-relationship between structure and function. Pain, tissue damage, and injury are not always directly correlated. Due to such a high incidence of abnormalities found in asymptomatic patients, the diagnostic validity of X-rays can be questioned, especially when used in isolation of history and/or proper clinical assessment. The utility of routine X-rays is, therefore, questionable. One may posit that their application promotes overdiagnosis, and unvalidated treatment of X-ray findings (such as changes in postural curvature), which may mislead patients into believing these changes are directly responsible for their pain. A substantial amount of research has shown that there is no association between pain and reversed cervical curves. Accuracy can also be questioned, as X-ray measurements can vary based on the patient's standing position, which research shows is influenced by an overwhelming number of factors, such as patient positioning, patient physical and morphological changes over time, doctor interreliability, stress, pain, the patient's previous night's sleep or physical activity, hydration, and/or emotional state. Furthermore, research has concluded that strong evidence links various potential harms with routine, repeated X-rays, such as altered treatment procedures, overdiagnosis, radiation exposure, and unnecessary costs. Over the past two decades, medical boards and health associations worldwide have made a substantial effort to communicate better "when" imaging is required, with most education around reducing radiographic imaging. In this review, we describe concerns relating to the high-frequency, routine use of spinal X-rays in the primary care setting for spine-related pain in the absence of red-flag clinical signs.
PubMed: 38841311
DOI: 10.25259/JCIS_5_2024 -
Arthroplasty Today Jun 2024Successful total hip arthroplasty (THA) relies on the correct implant position. THA accuracy can be improved with the use of intraoperative fluoroscopic-assisted...
BACKGROUND
Successful total hip arthroplasty (THA) relies on the correct implant position. THA accuracy can be improved with the use of intraoperative fluoroscopic-assisted computer navigation. Artificial intelligence (AI) software may enhance fluoroscopic navigation; however, the accuracy of the AI compared to human-controlled software in assessing acetabular component position and leg length discrepancy (LLD) has not been studied.
METHODS
We analyzed 420 consecutive primary THAs performed by a single surgeon using fluoroscopic-assisted computer navigation software. The first cohort of 211 patients required inputs from a human technician (manual), while the second cohort of 209 patients used an automated version of the software controlled by AI. The intraoperative acetabular component placement (inclination and anteversion) and LLD were recorded and compared to the 2-week postoperative standing anterior-posterior pelvis radiograph.
RESULTS
Ninety-four percent (199/211) of cups in the manual cohort and 95% (198/209) of cups in the AI cohort were within the Lewinnek "safe-zone" ( = 1.0). In the manual cohort, 69% (146/211) of THAs had a final LLD within ±2 mm of the intraoperatively navigated LLD (ie, ΔLLD ≤2 mm). In the AI cohort, 66% (137/209) of THAs had a final LLD within ±2 mm of the intraoperatively navigated LLD ( = .47). Ninety-nine percent (209/211) of hips in the manual cohort and 98% (205/209) of hips in the AI cohort had a final LLD within ±5 mm of the intraoperatively navigated LLD ( = .45).
CONCLUSIONS
Both AI and human-controlled versions of the same navigation platform were similarly accurate for navigating cup position within the Lewinnek "safe zone" and LLD accuracy.
PubMed: 38840694
DOI: 10.1016/j.artd.2024.101410 -
Angiology Jun 2024Substantial advances occurred in phlebological practice in the last two decades. With the use of modern diagnostic equipment, the patients' venous hemodynamics can be... (Review)
Review
Substantial advances occurred in phlebological practice in the last two decades. With the use of modern diagnostic equipment, the patients' venous hemodynamics can be examined in detail in everyday practice. Application of venous segments for arterial bypasses motivated studies on the effect of hemodynamic load on the venous wall. New animal models have been developed to study hemodynamic effects on the venous system. In vivo and in vitro studies revealed cellular phase transitions of venous endothelial, smooth muscle, and fibroblastic cells and changes in connective tissue composition, under hemodynamic load and at different locations of the chronically diseased venous system. This review is an attempt to integrate our knowledge from epidemiology, paleoanthropology and anthropology, clinical and experimental hemodynamic studies, histology, cell physiology, cell pathology, and molecular biology on the complex of this frequent disease. Our conclusion is that the disease is initiated by limited genetic adaptation of mankind not to bipedalism but to bipedalism in the unmoving standing or sitting position. In the course of the disease several pathologic vicious circles emerge, sustained venous hypertension inducing cellular phase transitions, chronic wall inflammation, apoptosis of cells, pathologic dilation, and valvular damage which, in turn, further aggravate the venous hypertension.
PubMed: 38839285
DOI: 10.1177/00033197241256680 -
Journal of Physical Therapy Science Jun 2024[Purpose] The intensity of active recovery (AR) for performance recovery is often determined using breath gas analyzers and other special equipment. However, such...
[Purpose] The intensity of active recovery (AR) for performance recovery is often determined using breath gas analyzers and other special equipment. However, such procedures are difficult to perform in the field or where facilities are inadequate. Although several AR methods using simple patient-derived information have been proposed, only a few have specifically addressed their immediate effects. The present study aimed to quantify the immediate effects of AR, which was determined using the maximum exercise capacity calculated using a physical fitness test without specialized devices. [Participants and Methods] Thirty-two healthy male participants were equally divided into AR and control groups. Each group performed squat jumps, followed by a recovery intervention of jogging at a set intensity in the AR group or rest in a seated position in the control group. Standing long jumps performed before and after the squat jumps as well as after the intervention were analyzed. [Results] The recovery rate for standing long jumps was significantly higher in the AR group than in the control group. [Conclusion] The results of this pilot study indicate that the implementation of AR based on maximum exercise capacity may enhance performance recovery and requires further validation in larger studies.
PubMed: 38832220
DOI: 10.1589/jpts.36.337 -
Journal of Translational Medicine May 2024Dizziness and vertigo rank among the top 10 reasons for emergency and clinical referrals to neurologists. Chronic dizziness and imbalance not only reduce quality of...
BACKGROUND
Dizziness and vertigo rank among the top 10 reasons for emergency and clinical referrals to neurologists. Chronic dizziness and imbalance not only reduce quality of life, but also increase mortality. While the Mediterranean diet has long been considered beneficial for human and planetary health, its effects on chronic dizziness or imbalance are understudied. We investigated the associations of adherence to the Mediterranean diet with chronic dizziness and imbalance.
METHODS
This study used data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2019-2021 and included 4,183 adults aged 40 years and older with complete information from diet, dizziness, and neurotology questionnaires. The alternate Mediterranean diet score (aMed) for nine food groups was calculated from 24-hour dietary recall data. Based on questionnaire responses, chronic dizziness was categorized as either isolated or chronic dizziness with imbalance, characterized by a cluster of difficulties maintaining a standing position, walking, or falling.
RESULTS
In a multivariable-adjusted model, the prevalence of chronic imbalance was lower in the top aMed tertile than in the bottom tertile (OR 0.37; 95% CI, 0.18-0.74; p-trend = 0.01). Among the individual aMed components, the intake of whole grains and nuts exhibited an inverse relationship with chronic imbalance (OR 0.50; 95% CI, 0.27-0.93 for whole grains; OR 0.55; 95% CI, 0.31-1.01 for nuts). The aMed score was not associated with isolated chronic dizziness.
CONCLUSIONS
Greater adherence to the Mediterranean diet may reduce chronic imbalance, particularly with an adequate intake of whole grains and nuts.
Topics: Humans; Dizziness; Diet, Mediterranean; Male; Female; Middle Aged; Chronic Disease; Adult; Republic of Korea; Independent Living; Aged; Nutrition Surveys; Postural Balance; Patient Compliance; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 38822335
DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05295-4 -
Biodiversity Data Journal 2024Centipedes of the family Geophilidae s.l. are widespread in the Holarctic, with the south-eastern part of the European Alps standing out as one of the most investigated...
BACKGROUND
Centipedes of the family Geophilidae s.l. are widespread in the Holarctic, with the south-eastern part of the European Alps standing out as one of the most investigated regions. However, retrieving the published records for this taxon, even for this region, is challenging, since most of them are sparse in the specialised literature and interpreting them is hampered by the many taxonomic and nomenclatorial changes occurred in the past and recent times.
NEW INFORMATION
We assembled and released a dataset of occurrence records of the geophilid species in the south-eastern Alps, including all the published records and many other records present in unpublished catalogues of scientific collections. For each record, we integrated information from all the sources about: locality, date of collection, the taxonomic identifications, number and sex of individuals and available sequences of molecular markers. For all the records, we estimated geographic coordinates of the locality, when not originally provided, based on the information available. We also estimated the accuracy of the position.The dataset includes 3293 records referred to 39 species, obtained since the first half of the 19 century and up to 2022; 52% of these records have been released publicly for the first time in the dataset here described.
PubMed: 38812887
DOI: 10.3897/BDJ.12.e122144 -
Cardio-oncology (London, England) May 2024Cardiotoxicity is a recognized complication in breast cancer (BC) patients undergoing chemotherapy with anthracyclines with or without trastuzumab. However, the...
BACKGROUND
Cardiotoxicity is a recognized complication in breast cancer (BC) patients undergoing chemotherapy with anthracyclines with or without trastuzumab. However, the prognostic value of heart rate variability (HRV) indexes for early cardiotoxicity development remains unknown.
METHODS
Fifty BC patients underwent TTE assessment before and three months after chemotherapy. HRV indexes were obtained from continuous electrocardiograms in supine position with spontaneous breathing, active standing, and supine position with controlled breathing. The magnitude of change (Δ) between supine-standing and supine-controlled breathing was calculated. Variables were compared using t-test or ANOVA. Cardiotoxicity predictive value was assessed by ROC curve analysis. A p value of < 0.05 was considered significant.
RESULTS
TTE revealed reduced left atrial conduit strain in the cardiotoxicity group. Mean heart rate increased during all maneuvers at follow-up, with no differences in HRV indexes between patients with or without cardiotoxicity. However, a lower Δ in supine-controlled breathing of several HRV indexes predicted early cardiotoxicity identified by echocardiography (e.g. SDNN ≤ -8.44 ms: Sensitivity = 75%, Specificity = 69%).
CONCLUSIONS
BC patients treated with chemotherapy maintain cardiac autonomic responses to physiological stimuli after 3 months of chemotherapy. However, a lower Δ during active standing and controlled breathing before chemotherapy may predict early cardiotoxicity.
PubMed: 38812020
DOI: 10.1186/s40959-024-00236-y -
Scientific Reports May 2024Comparison of the three methods standing-on-a-stool (SS), one knee kneeling on a stretcher (KS), and kneeling at the same height as the patient's bed on the kneeling... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Comparison of the three methods standing-on-a-stool (SS), one knee kneeling on a stretcher (KS), and kneeling at the same height as the patient's bed on the kneeling stool (KK) to evaluate the yielded of highest CPR quality and rescuer comfortability. A prospective randomized cross-over study which compares the three different rescuer positions for their effectiveness of chest compression. Conducted at a tertiary care between 19 and 22 Aug 2022. Emergency personnel aged 18 years or older, who completed the AHA-approved BLS course. The chest compression data was obtained by the ALIVE AED manikin® and AED reporting system. The information on the CPR quality and post-test questionnaires assessing the participants' preference, satisfaction and modified Borg's scale score was collected. The three methods shown no statistically significant difference in adequate chest compression depth (percentage). KK was not superior than SS at chest compression rate (P = 0.05). The adequate full chest recoil achieved with KK and KS were significantly higher than that of SS. However, there were no statistical difference between the three methods in the modified Borg's scale score. Based on the satisfying score, the rescuers preferred KK to either SS (p 0.007) or KS (p 0.012). The three methods shown no statistically significant difference in adequate chest compression depth (percentage). Still, both KK and KS provided more adequate chest recoil, so we would recommend using these two methods in the ED.Clinical trial registry: This study was retrospective registration in thaiclinicaltrials.org (TCTR20230119002, 19/1/2023).
Topics: Humans; Cross-Over Studies; Male; Emergency Service, Hospital; Female; Adult; Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation; Prospective Studies; Stretchers; Middle Aged; Manikins
PubMed: 38811649
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62845-y