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Cureus Apr 2024Liposarcoma is a rare soft-tissue neoplasm originating from adipocytes. The exact cause of liposarcoma is unknown and symptoms vary depending on the tumor's location. A...
Liposarcoma is a rare soft-tissue neoplasm originating from adipocytes. The exact cause of liposarcoma is unknown and symptoms vary depending on the tumor's location. A 49-year-old man presented to the emergency room complaining of epigastric pain radiating to the back and right upper quadrant. Cross-sectional imaging revealed a large upper abdominal mass that was thought to be a gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) arising from the duodenum at first. The patient underwent en-bloc resection of the mass and was planned for adjuvant chemotherapy. Subsequently, multiple tissue samples were examined, leading to the final diagnosis of de-differentiated liposarcoma. The patient eventually developed multiple recurrences and was subjected to re-resection surgeries and three different chemotherapy regimens. Given the rarity of the disease, no standardized therapy plan is available, highlighting the need for more case reports/series and trials to broaden our understanding of this disease.
PubMed: 38813304
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.59244 -
Endoscopy Dec 2024
Topics: Humans; Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors; Endoscopic Mucosal Resection; Rectal Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Intestinal Mucosa; Female
PubMed: 38810975
DOI: 10.1055/a-2318-3050 -
Caspian Journal of Internal Medicine 2024Colorectal cancer could be developed from adenomatous polyp. The study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic significance of stromal and epithelial CD10 (Neprilysin)...
BACKGROUND
Colorectal cancer could be developed from adenomatous polyp. The study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic significance of stromal and epithelial CD10 (Neprilysin) expression in patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma and adenomatous polyps.
METHODS
This cross-sectional study was conducted on 141 patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma and adenomatous polyps referred to Ayatollah Rouhani Hospital from March 2020 to March 2021. Differential diagnoses of colorectal adenocarcinoma and adenomatous polyps were made colonoscopically, and then samples were taken from the lesions. The pathologists confirmed the final diagnosis as colorectal adenocarcinoma, high-grade or low-grade adenomatous polyps. The stromal and epithelial CD10 expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. The data was analyzed by SPSS 22 software (p<0.05).
RESULTS
Sixty-five (46.1%) of the cases were low-grade polyps that were included positive (4 cases; 6.20%) and negative (61 cases; 93.80%) CD10 expression (P=0.001), also 76 (53.9%) of them were either high-grade polyps (21 cases) or adenocarcinomas (21 cases). Also, epithelial CD10 expression was significantly higher in the well-differentiated adenocarcinoma (38 cases) group than moderate (13 cases) and poor (4 cases) groups (P =0.001). Moreover, the CD10 expression level in the adenomatous polyps (10 positive cases and 76 negative cases) was correlated with the degree of dysplasia (P = 0.001) and the presence of tumor invasion (8 positive cases and 133 negative cases) (P = 0.001).
CONCLUSION
The CD10 expression is associated with an increased degree of dysplasia and the presence of tumor invasion in patients with pre-neoplastic lesions and colorectal adenocarcinoma.
PubMed: 38807719
DOI: 10.22088/cjim.15.2.228 -
PloS One 2024This study aimed to assess the localization of chondroitin sulfate (CS), a primary extracellular matrix component, in the stromal region of endometrial carcinoma (EC).
INTRODUCTION
This study aimed to assess the localization of chondroitin sulfate (CS), a primary extracellular matrix component, in the stromal region of endometrial carcinoma (EC).
METHODS
Immunostaining was performed on 26 endometrial endometrioid carcinoma (EEC) samples of different grades and 10 endometrial serous carcinoma (ESC) samples to evaluate CS localization. This was further confirmed by Alcian Blue (AB) staining as well.
RESULTS
In the G1-EEC samples, CS showed reactivity with fibrovascular stroma, supporting closely packed glandular crowding and papillary structures. As the grade increased, the original interstitial structure was re-established, and the localization of CS in the perigulandular region decreased. In the ESC samples, the thick fibrous strands supporting the papillary architecture showed reactivity with CS; however, the delicate stromal region branching into the narrow region showed poor reactivity. The AB staining results showed similar characteristics to the immunostaining ones.
CONCLUSIONS
The characteristic localization of CS in various EC types was elucidated. The present study provides new information on endometrial stromal assessment.
Topics: Humans; Female; Endometrial Neoplasms; Chondroitin Sulfates; Middle Aged; Carcinoma, Endometrioid; Aged; Immunohistochemistry
PubMed: 38805498
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304420 -
Yonsei Medical Journal Jun 2024The microenvironment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) with extensive desmoplastic stroma contributes to aggressive cancer behavior. Angiotensin system...
PURPOSE
The microenvironment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) with extensive desmoplastic stroma contributes to aggressive cancer behavior. Angiotensin system inhibitors (ASIs) reduce stromal fibrosis and are a promising therapeutic strategy. The purpose of this study was to examine how ASIs affected the oncological results of patients who had their PDAC removed.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A retrospective assessment was conducted on the clinicopathological and survival data of patients who received curative resection for PDAC at Severance Hospital between January 2012 and December 2019.
RESULTS
A total of 410 participants (228 male and 182 female), with a median follow-up period of 12.8 months, were included in this study. Patients were divided into three groups, based on ASI use and history of hypertension: group 1, normotensive and never used ASI (n=210, 51.2%); group 2, ASI non-users with hypertension (n=50, 12.2%); and group 3, ASI users with hypertension (n=150, 36.6%). The three groups did not differ significantly in terms of age, sex, kind of operation, T and N stages, or adjuvant and neoadjuvant therapy. Moreover, there was no discernible difference in disease-free survival between those who used ASI and those who did not (=0.636). The 5-year overall survival (OS) rates in groups 1, 2, and 3 were 52.6%, 32.3%, and 38.0%, respectively. However, the OS rate of ASI users was remarkably higher than that of non-users (=0.016).
CONCLUSION
In patients with resected PDAC, ASI is linked to longer survival rates. Furthermore, for individuals with hypertension, ASI in conjunction with conventional chemotherapy may be an easy and successful treatment option.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Middle Aged; Retrospective Studies; Aged; Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal; Hypertension; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Disease-Free Survival; Adult
PubMed: 38804026
DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2023.0399 -
BMC Cancer May 2024Neoadjuvant immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) combined with chemoradiotherapy offers high pathologic complete response (pCR) rate for patients with locally advanced...
BACKGROUND
Neoadjuvant immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) combined with chemoradiotherapy offers high pathologic complete response (pCR) rate for patients with locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCC). But the dynamic tumor immune microenvironment modulated by such neoadjuvant therapy remains unclear.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
A total of 41 patients with locally advanced ESCC were recruited. All patients received neoadjuvant toripalimab combined with concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Matched pre- and post-treatment tissues were obtained for fluorescent multiplex immunohistochemistry (mIHC) and IHC analyses. The densities and spatial distributions of immune cells were determined by HALO modules. The differences of immune cell patterns before and after neoadjuvant treatment were investigated.
RESULTS
In the pre-treatment tissues, more stromal CD3 + FoxP3 + Tregs and CD86+/CD163 + macrophages were observed in patients with residual tumor existed in the resected lymph nodes (pN1), compared with patients with pCR. The majority of macrophages were distributed in close proximity to tumor nest in pN1 patients. In the post-treatment tissues, pCR patients had less CD86 + cell infiltration, whereas higher CD86 + cell density was significantly associated with higher tumor regression grades (TRG) in non-pCR patients. When comparing the paired pre- and post-treatment samples, heterogeneous therapy-associated immune cell patterns were found. Upon to the treatment, CD3 + T lymphocytes were slightly increased in pCR patients, but markedly decreased in non-pCR patients. In contrast, a noticeable increase and a less obvious decrease of CD86 + cell infiltration were respectively depicted in non-pCR and pCR patients. Furthermore, opposite trends of the treatment-induced alterations of CD8 + and CD15 + cell infiltrations were observed between pN0 and pN1 patients.
CONCLUSIONS
Collectively, our data demonstrate a comprehensive picture of tumor immune landscape before and after neoadjuvant ICB combined with chemoradiotherapy in ESCC. The infiltration of CD86 + macrophage may serve as an unfavorable indicator for neoadjuvant toripalimab combined with chemoradiotherapy.
Topics: Humans; Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma; Neoadjuvant Therapy; Male; Female; Chemoradiotherapy; Esophageal Neoplasms; Middle Aged; Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors; Tumor Microenvironment; Aged; Adult; Macrophages
PubMed: 38802821
DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12406-3 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2024Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) constitute a plastic and heterogeneous cell population of the tumor microenvironment (TME) that can regulate tumor proliferation and...
BACKGROUND
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) constitute a plastic and heterogeneous cell population of the tumor microenvironment (TME) that can regulate tumor proliferation and support resistance to therapy, constituting promising targets for the development of novel anticancer agents. Our previous results suggest that SHP2 plays a crucial role in reprogramming the phenotype of TAMs. Thus, we hypothesized that SHP2 TAM may predict the treatment efficacy of non-small cell lung cancer NSCLC patients as a biomarker.
METHODS
We analyzed cancer tissue samples from 79 NSCLC patients using multiplex fluorescence (mIF) staining to visualize various SHP-2 TAM subpopulations (CD68SHP2, CD68CD86, CD68 + 206, CD68 CD86SHP2, CD68 CD206SHP2) and T cells (CD8 Granzyme B ) of immune cells. The immune cells proportions were quantified in the tumor regions (Tumor) and stromal regions (Stroma), as well as in the overall tumor microenvironment (Tumor and Stroma, TME). The analysis endpoint was overall survival (OS), correlating them with levels of cell infiltration or effective density. Cox regression was used to evaluate the associations between immune cell subsets infiltration and OS. Correlations between different immune cell subsets were examined by Spearman's tests.
RESULTS
In NSCLC, the distribution of different macrophage subsets within the TME, tumor regions, and stroma regions exhibited inconsistency. The proportions of CD68 SHP2 TAMs (P < 0.05) were higher in tumor than in stroma. And the high infiltration of CD68SHP2 TAMs in tumor areas correlated with poor OS (P < 0.05). We found that the expression level of SHP2 was higher in M2-like macrophages than in M1-like macrophages. The CD68SHP2 subset proportion was positively correlated with the CD68CD206 subset within TME (P < 0.0001), tumor (P < 0.0001) and stroma (P < 0.0001).
CONCLUSIONS
The high infiltration of CD68SHP2 TAMs predict poor OS in NSCLC. Targeting SHP2 is a potentially effective strategy to inhibit M2-phenotype polarization. And it provides a new thought for SHP2 targeted cancer immunotherapy.
Topics: Humans; Tumor Microenvironment; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; Female; Lung Neoplasms; Antigens, CD; Male; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 11; Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic; Middle Aged; Tumor-Associated Macrophages; Aged; Biomarkers, Tumor; Macrophages; Prognosis; Adult; CD68 Molecule
PubMed: 38799432
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1396719 -
Problemy Endokrinologii Oct 2023DICER1 syndrome is a rare genetic disorder with the progressive development of malignant and non-malignant diseases in childhood. The cause of this syndrome is a... (Review)
Review
DICER1 syndrome is a rare genetic disorder with the progressive development of malignant and non-malignant diseases in childhood. The cause of this syndrome is a dusfunction of the endoribonuclease DICER, which plays an important role in the processing of microRNAs with subsequent regulation of the control of the expression of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. Clinical manifestations of dyseropathies is very different and may include both endocrine manifestations - multinodular goiter, differentiated thyroid cancers, ovarian stromal tumors, pituitary blastoma, and non-endocrine formations - pleuropulmonary blastoma, cystic nephroma, pineoblastoma. The presence of somatic mutations of the DICER1 gene is a resultant stage in the pathogenesis of dyseropathies, determining the further path of oncogenesis. At present, DICER1 syndrome is diagnosed extremely rarely, which leads to late detection of the components of the disease in the patient, late diagnosis of neoplasms, lack of family counseling. Diagnosis at the early stages of the disease, the development of screening programs for the management of these patients allows minimizing the risks of developing more malignant, aggressive forms of the disease.
Topics: Humans; Ribonuclease III; DEAD-box RNA Helicases; Mutation; Female; Thyroid Neoplasms; Goiter, Nodular; Pulmonary Blastoma
PubMed: 38796764
DOI: 10.14341/probl13383 -
Molecular Biology Reports May 2024Testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) exhibit diverse biological and pathological features and are divided in two main types, seminomas and nonseminomatous germ cell...
BACKGROUND
Testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) exhibit diverse biological and pathological features and are divided in two main types, seminomas and nonseminomatous germ cell tumors (NSGCTs). CD44 is a cell surface receptor, which is highly expressed in malignancies and is implicated in tumorigenesis affecting cell-matrix interactions and cell signaling.
METHODS AND RESULTS
Here, we examined the expression of CD44 in tumor cell lines and in patients' material. We found that CD44 is over-expressed in TGCTs compared to normal tissues. Immunohistochemical staining in 71 tissue specimens demonstrated increased expression of CD44 in some patients, whereas CD44 was absent in normal tissue. In seminomas, a high percentage of tumor and stromal cells showed cytoplasmic and/or cell surface staining for CD44 as well as increased staining for CD44 in the tumor stroma was found in some cases. The increased expression of CD44 either in tumor cells or in stromal components was associated with tumor size, nodal metastasis, vascular/lymphatic invasion, and disease stage only in seminomas. The increased stromal expression of CD44 in TGCTs was positively associated with angiogenesis.
CONCLUSIONS
CD44 may exhibit diverse biological functions in seminomas and NSGCTs. The expression of CD44 in tumor cells as well as in tumor stroma fosters an aggressive phenotype in seminomas and should be considered in disease treatment.
Topics: Humans; Hyaluronan Receptors; Seminoma; Male; Testicular Neoplasms; Adult; Cell Line, Tumor; Middle Aged; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal; Biomarkers, Tumor; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Immunohistochemistry
PubMed: 38796656
DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09638-8 -
The Journal of International Medical... May 2024Prostatic stromal tumors, encompassing prostatic sarcoma and stromal tumors of uncertain malignant potential (STUMP), represent an exceedingly rare category of prostatic... (Review)
Review
Prostatic stromal tumors, encompassing prostatic sarcoma and stromal tumors of uncertain malignant potential (STUMP), represent an exceedingly rare category of prostatic diseases, with a prevalence of less than 1%. We present a rare case involving a man in his early 40s diagnosed with STUMP. Despite presenting with normal prostate-specific antigen (PSA) concentrations, the patient experienced persistent dysuria and gross hematuria for >7 months, leading to an initial misdiagnosis of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Persistent symptoms prompted further investigation, with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealing a suspicious lesion on the left side of the prostate, initially thought to be malignant. Transrectal prostatic biopsy subsequently confirmed the presence of mucinous liposarcoma, with no medical history of diabetes, coronary heart disease, or hypertension. The treatment approach comprised robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy, culminating in a postoperative pathological definitive diagnosis of STUMP. This case underscores the indispensable role of early MRI in the diagnostic process, highlighting the necessity of detailed pathological examination for a conclusive diagnosis. Our report aims to illuminate the diagnostic challenges and potential treatment pathways for STUMP, emphasizing its consideration in the differential diagnosis of prostatic tumors to advance clinical outcomes in this rare but important condition.
Topics: Humans; Male; Prostatic Neoplasms; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Adult; Diagnosis, Differential; Prostatectomy; Prostate; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Prostatic Hyperplasia; Sarcoma
PubMed: 38796313
DOI: 10.1177/03000605241253756