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International Journal of Molecular... Feb 2024The significant environmental issue of water pollution caused by emerging contaminants underscores the imperative for developing novel cleanup methods that are...
The significant environmental issue of water pollution caused by emerging contaminants underscores the imperative for developing novel cleanup methods that are efficient, economically viable, and that are intended to operate at high capacity and under continuous flows at the industrial scale. This study shows the results of the operational design to build a prototype for the retention at lab scale of pollutant residues in water by using as adsorbent material, insoluble polymers prepared by β-cyclodextrin and epichlorohydrin as a cross-linking agent. Laboratory in-batch tests were run to find out the adsorbent performances against furosemide and hydrochlorothiazide as pollutant models. The initial evaluation concerning the dosage of adsorbent, pH levels, agitation, and concentration of pharmaceutical pollutants enabled us to identify the optimal conditions for conducting the subsequent experiments. The adsorption kinetic and the mechanisms involved were evaluated revealing that the experimental data perfectly fit the pseudo second-order model, with the adsorption process being mainly governed by chemisorption. With K constant values of 0.044 (L/g) and 0.029 (L/g) for furosemide and hydrochlorothiazide, respectively, and the determination coefficient (R) being higher than 0.9 for both compounds, Freundlich yielded the most favorable outcomes, suggesting that the adsorption process occurs on heterogeneous surfaces involving both chemisorption and physisorption processes. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity (q) obtained by the Langmuir isotherm revealed a saturation of the β-CDs-EPI polymer surface 1.45 times higher for furosemide (q = 1.282 mg/g) than hydrochlorothiazide (q = 0.844 mg/g). Based on these results, the sizing design and building of a lab-scale model were carried out, which in turn will be used later to evaluate its performance working in continuous flow in a real scenario.
Topics: Water; Furosemide; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Water Purification; Cyclodextrins; Polymers; Adsorption; Kinetics; Hydrochlorothiazide; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
PubMed: 38474076
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052829 -
Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease 2024
Topics: Humans; Histoplasmosis; Coinfection; Male; Dermatomycoses; Antifungal Agents; Histoplasma; Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination
PubMed: 38467233
DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2024.102700 -
Journal of Global Antimicrobial... Jun 2024Nocardia gipuzkoensis was first described as a novel and distinct species in 2020 by Imen Nouioui and pulmonary nocardiosis associated with N. gipuzkoensis was once...
OBJECTIVES
Nocardia gipuzkoensis was first described as a novel and distinct species in 2020 by Imen Nouioui and pulmonary nocardiosis associated with N. gipuzkoensis was once reported in two bronchiectasis patients. Noteworthy, both reported N. gipuzkoensis cases showed sensitivity to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazol (TMP-SMZ), which are usually recommended for empirical therapy.
METHODS
We reported the third case of N. gipuzkoensis infection in a 16-year-old girl with chief complaints of cough and persistent chest and back pain. No underlying immuno-suppressive conditions and glucocorticoid use was revealed. Patchy lesions next to the spine and located in the posterior basal segment of the lower lobes of the left lung were seen in thorax computed tomography (CT), but no pathogenic bacteria were detected according to routine laboratory testings.
RESULTS
Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) combined with whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was used to classified our isolate from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) as N. gipuzkoensis. It is worth mentioning that drug susceptibility testing of our isolate showed resistance to TMP-SMZ, which was never reported before. The patient improved remarkably both clinically and radiographically according to the treatment with imipenem-cilastatin infusion alone.
CONCLUSION
mNGS and WGS showed excellent performance in identifying the Nocardia genus to the species level and improving the detection rate of N. gipuzkoensis ignored by traditional culture. Different from previously reported cases, the N. gipuzkoensis infection case showed resistance to TMP-SMZ, which is an unprecedented finding and a crucial addition to our understanding of the antibacterial spectrum of N. gipuzkoensis. The successful treatment with imipenem-cilastatin infusion alone in this case is a testament to the importance of precise identification and tailored antibiotic therapy.
Topics: Humans; Female; Nocardia Infections; Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination; Nocardia; Adolescent; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Whole Genome Sequencing; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Immunocompetence
PubMed: 38462073
DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2024.02.008 -
Cancer Medicine Feb 2024Mannitol is exclusively recommended in the National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines for diuresis in cisplatin (CDDP)-based chemotherapy. The utility of... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND
Mannitol is exclusively recommended in the National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines for diuresis in cisplatin (CDDP)-based chemotherapy. The utility of furosemide, a widely used and convenient diuretic, thus requires clarification.
METHODS
This is a prospective, single-centered, open-label, noninferiority phase II study. Patients with thoracic malignancies who planned to receive CDDP-based chemotherapy were randomly assigned to receive either mannitol (arm A) or furosemide (arm B). The primary end point was set as the proportion of patients who experienced any grade of "creatinine (Cr) increased" based on the upper limit of the normal range (ULN) during the first cycle as assessed by Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events Version 4.0. Secondary end points were Cr increased based on the baseline value during the first cycle, Cr increased after the completion of CDDP, and the proportion of patients with phlebitis.
RESULTS
Between April 2018 and March 2022, 115 patients were enrolled and 106 were analyzed. Any grade of Cr increased based on the ULN during the first cycle was 17.3% (arm A) and 24.1% (arm B), respectively (p = 0.34). Therefore, the primary end point was not met. After completion of chemotherapy, any grade of Cr increased was observed in 23.1% (arm A) and 31.5% (arm B), respectively. However, the actual serum Cr level and Cr clearance during the courses were not different between the arms. Phlebitis occurred more frequently in arm A (28.8%) than arm B (16.7%).
CONCLUSIONS
Mannitol should remain the standard diuresis in CDDP-based chemotherapy assessed by conventional CTCAE grading, but furosemide can be room for consideration when assessed by actual serum Cr level and Cr clearance.
Topics: Humans; Cisplatin; Furosemide; Mannitol; Phlebitis; Prospective Studies; Thoracic Neoplasms
PubMed: 38457231
DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6839 -
ESC Heart Failure Jun 2024The current literature provides limited guidance on the best diuretic strategy post-hospitalization for acute heart failure (AHF). It is postulated that the efficacy and... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
AIMS
The current literature provides limited guidance on the best diuretic strategy post-hospitalization for acute heart failure (AHF). It is postulated that the efficacy and safety of the outpatient diuretic regimen may be significantly influenced by the degree of fluid overload (FO) encountered during hospitalization. We hypothesize that in patients with more pronounced FO, reducing their regular oral diuretic dosage might be associated with an elevated risk of unfavourable clinical outcomes.
METHODS AND RESULTS
It was a retrospective observational study of 410 patients hospitalized for AHF in which the dose of furosemide at admission and discharge was collected. Patients were categorized across diuretic dose status into two groups: (i) the down-titration group and (ii) the stable/up-titration group. FO status was evaluated by a clinical congestion score and circulating biomarkers. The endpoint of interest was the composite of time to all-cause death and/or heart failure readmission. A multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression model was constructed to analyse the endpoints. The median age was 86 (78-92) years, 256 (62%) were women, and 80% had heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. After multivariate adjustment, the down-titration furosemide equivalent dose remained not associated with the risk of the combined endpoint in the whole sample (hazard ratio 1.34, 95% confidence interval 0.86-2.06, P = 0.184). The risk of the combination of death and/or worsening heart failure associated with the diuretic strategy at discharge was significantly influenced by FO status, including clinical congestion scores and circulating proxies of FO like BNP and cancer antigen 125.
CONCLUSIONS
In patients hospitalized for AHF, furosemide down-titration does not imply an increased risk of mortality and/or heart failure readmission. However, FO status modifies the effect of down-titration on the outcome. In patients with severe congestion or residual congestion at discharge, down-titration was associated with an increased risk of mortality and/or heart failure readmission.
Topics: Humans; Heart Failure; Female; Male; Retrospective Studies; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Acute Disease; Patient Discharge; Sodium Potassium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors; Furosemide; Follow-Up Studies; Stroke Volume; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Hospitalization
PubMed: 38454739
DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.14749 -
Scientific Reports Mar 2024Essential oil from Thymus vulgaris L. has valuable therapeutic potential that is highly desired in pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic industries. Considering these...
Essential oil from Thymus vulgaris L. has valuable therapeutic potential that is highly desired in pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic industries. Considering these advantages and the rising market demand, induced polyploids were obtained using oryzalin to enhance essential oil yield. However, their therapeutic values were unexplored. So, this study aims to assess the phytochemical content, and antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities of tetraploid and diploid thyme essential oils. Induced tetraploids had 41.11% higher essential oil yield with enhanced thymol and γ-terpinene content than diploid. Tetraploids exhibited higher antibacterial activity against all tested microorganisms. Similarly, in DPPH radical scavenging assay tetraploid essential oil was more potent with half-maximal inhibitory doses (IC) of 180.03 µg/mL (40.05 µg TE/mg) than diploid with IC > 512 µg/mL (12.68 µg TE/mg). Tetraploids exhibited more effective inhibition of in vitro catalytic activity of pro-inflammatory enzyme cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) than diploids at 50 µg/mL concentration. Furthermore, molecular docking revealed higher binding affinity of thymol and γ-terpinene towards tested protein receptors, which explained enhanced bioactivity of tetraploid essential oil. In conclusion, these results suggest that synthetic polyploidization using oryzalin could effectively enhance the quality and quantity of secondary metabolites and can develop more efficient essential oil-based commercial products using this induced genotype.
Topics: Oils, Volatile; Thymol; Thymus Plant; Tetraploidy; Molecular Docking Simulation; Phytochemicals; Cyclohexane Monoterpenes; Dinitrobenzenes; Plant Oils; Sulfanilamides
PubMed: 38454146
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56378-7 -
Brazilian Journal of Biology = Revista... 2024This study aimed to explore the diuretic activity of linalyl acetate (LA). LA is an essential oil, it is an integral phyto-constituent of various plants. In this study,...
This study aimed to explore the diuretic activity of linalyl acetate (LA). LA is an essential oil, it is an integral phyto-constituent of various plants. In this study, acute and chronic diuretic activities were explored by measuring the levels of different electrolytes and pH in the urine of experimental rats. Rats were divided into five groups. The control group was given 10 mg/kg normal saline, the treated group was given 10 mg/kg furosemide, and the remaining 3 groups received different doses of LA including 25, 50, and 75 mg/kg through intraperitoneal route, to determine its diuretic potential. Urine volume for acute diuretic activity was measured for 6 hours however for chronic diuretic activity was measured for 6 days. For a comparative study of LA with a control group and treated group with reference drug, diuretic index was used. Moreover, the underlying mechanism of the diuretic activity was also explored by comparing atropine, L-NAME, and indomethacin. The results of each group with 6 rats in each group were obtained by ± standard error of the mean of every group. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used for statistical analysis. Results revealed that the LA 75 mg/kg dose showed comparable results as of furosemide. Moreover, this study revealed the involvement of muscarinic receptors to produce diuresis in comparison with atropine with very little involvement of prostanoids and no effect on NO pathway induced by indomethacin and L-NAME respectively. It is concluded that LA possess anti-diuretic potential. Muscarinic receptors might be involved in producing diuretic effects.
Topics: Rats; Animals; Furosemide; NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester; Diuretics; Indomethacin; Atropine; Plant Extracts; Receptors, Muscarinic; Monoterpenes
PubMed: 38452187
DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.277354 -
Annals of Clinical Microbiology and... Mar 2024The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical features of Nocardia infections, antibiotic resistance profile, choice of antibiotics and treatment outcome, among... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical features of Nocardia infections, antibiotic resistance profile, choice of antibiotics and treatment outcome, among others. In addition, the study compared the clinical and microbiological characteristics of nocardiosis in bronchiectasis patients and non-bronchiectasis patients.
METHODS
Detailed clinical data were collected from the medical records of 71 non-duplicate nocardiosis patients from 2017 to 2023 at a tertiary hospital in Zhengzhou, China. Nocardia isolates were identified to the species level using MALDI-TOF MS and 16S rRNA PCR sequencing. Clinical data were collected from medical records, and drug susceptibility was determined using the broth microdilution method.
RESULTS
Of the 71 cases of nocardiosis, 70 (98.6%) were diagnosed as pulmonary infections with common underlying diseases including bronchiectasis, tuberculosis, diabetes mellitus and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Thirteen different strains were found in 71 isolates, the most common of which were N. farcinica (26.8%) and N. cyriacigeorgica (18.3%). All Nocardia strains were 100% susceptible to both TMP-SMX and linezolid, and different Nocardia species showed different patterns of drug susceptibility in vitro. Pulmonary nocardiosis is prone to comorbidities such as bronchiectasis, diabetes mellitus, COPD, etc., and Nocardia is also frequently accompanied by co-infection of the body with pathogens such as Mycobacterium and Aspergillus spp. Sixty-one patients underwent a detailed treatment regimen, of whom 32 (52.5%) received single or multi-drug therapy based on TMP-SMX. Bronchiectasis was associated with a higher frequency of Nocardia infections, and there were significant differences between the bronchiectasis and non-bronchiectasis groups in terms of age distribution, clinical characteristics, identification of Nocardia species, and antibiotic susceptibility (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
Our study contributes to the understanding of the species diversity of Nocardia isolates in Henan, China, and the clinical characteristics of patients with pulmonary nocardiosis infections. Clinical and microbiologic differences between patients with and without bronchiectasis. These findings will contribute to the early diagnosis and treatment of patients.
Topics: Humans; Nocardia; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination; Nocardia Infections; China; Bronchiectasis; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive; Drug Resistance; Diabetes Mellitus
PubMed: 38449006
DOI: 10.1186/s12941-024-00677-4 -
Journal of Microbiology, Immunology,... Jun 2024
Topics: Humans; Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination; Clindamycin; Toxoplasmosis, Cerebral; Treatment Outcome; Male; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Female; Adult; Drug Therapy, Combination; Recurrence
PubMed: 38443217
DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2024.02.008 -
BMC Pulmonary Medicine Mar 2024High-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) refers to the onset of breathlessness, cough, and fever at rest after arriving at high altitudes. It is a life-threatening illness...
BACKGROUND
High-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) refers to the onset of breathlessness, cough, and fever at rest after arriving at high altitudes. It is a life-threatening illness caused by rapid ascent to high altitudes. Furosemide is controversial in HAPE treatment but is routinely used in China. Further research is needed to assess its efficacy and impact on HAPE management and prognosis. The aim of this study is to determine the effectiveness of furosemide for HAPE.
METHODS
A retrospective was conducted to analysis of patients with HAPE admitted to the People's Hospital of Shigatse City from January 2018 to September 2023. Patients were divided into furosemide group and non-furosemide group for further analysis. Clinical variables including demographic information, comorbidities, vital signs, inflammatory markers, biochemical analysis, CT severity score and prognostic indicators were collected.
RESULTS
A total of 273 patients were enrolled, with 209 patients in the furosemide group and 64 patients in the non-furosemide group. The furosemide group showed a significantly decrease in CT severity scores compared to the non-furosemide group. Subgroup analysis showed that the longer the duration of furosemide use, the more pronounced the improvement in lung CT severity scores. But there were no significant differences in length of hospital stay and in-hospital mortality between the two groups.
CONCLUSION
Furosemide helps alleviate pulmonary edema in HAPE patients, but further research is needed to clarify its impact on prognosis.
Topics: Humans; Furosemide; Altitude; Pulmonary Edema; Retrospective Studies; Altitude Sickness; Hypertension, Pulmonary
PubMed: 38438895
DOI: 10.1186/s12890-024-02933-x