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BMC Nephrology Jun 2024There is still a very high morbidity and mortality rate for patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD). The advanced lung cancer inflammation index (ALI) has been...
BACKGROUND
There is still a very high morbidity and mortality rate for patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD). The advanced lung cancer inflammation index (ALI) has been demonstrated to be associated with the prognosis in multiple types of cancers. Like in cancer, systemic chronic low-grade inflammation is one of the distinguishing features of PD patients. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the relationships between the ALI and all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in PD patients.
METHODS
Patients who started PD at Shaoxing People's Hospital between 1 January 2013 and 31 December 2020 (n = 277) were recruited and followed up until 1 July 2023. They were divided into high-ALI group and low-ALI group according to the median of ALI. Kaplan-Meier curves and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to assess the associations between the ALI and all-cause and CVD mortality. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed, and the area under the curve (AUC) was calculated to determine the predictive power of the ALI for all- cause and CVD mortality.
RESULTS
During the median follow-up of 40.50 months (interquartile range, 26.42-59.77 months), a total of 55 patients died, 31 of whom died due to CVD. Kaplan-Meier curves revealed that patients in the low-ALI group had significantly lower cumulative and cardiovascular cumulative survival rates than did those in the high-ALI group (all P < 0.001). After we corrected for confounders, the risk of all-cause and CVD mortality was significantly greater in the low-ALI group than in the high-ALI group [hazard ratio (HR) 1.944, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.068-3.540, P = 0.030, and HR 2.672, 95% CI 1.188-6.009, P = 0.017, respectively]. The predictive value of ALI (AUC = 0.708, 95% CI 0.630-0.786, P < 0.001) for all-cause mortality was superior to albumin (AUC = 0.644, 95% CI 0.556-0.726, P < 0.001), body mass index (AUC = 0.581, 95% CI 0.496-0.659, P = 0.069) and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (AUC = 0.675, 95% CI 0.596-0.754, P < 0.001).
CONCLUSION
A lower ALI is an independent risk factor for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in PD patients. The ALI may be an effective indicator for predicting outcomes in PD patients.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Middle Aged; Peritoneal Dialysis; Inflammation; Lung Neoplasms; Cardiovascular Diseases; Aged; Cause of Death; Adult; Kaplan-Meier Estimate; Kidney Failure, Chronic; ROC Curve; Prognosis
PubMed: 38918730
DOI: 10.1186/s12882-024-03645-4 -
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer... Jun 2024Mucin-producing cholangiocarcinoma (MPCC) was rare biliary tract malignancy. Studies regarding this type of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) were limited, particularly the... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
BACKGROUND
Mucin-producing cholangiocarcinoma (MPCC) was rare biliary tract malignancy. Studies regarding this type of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) were limited, particularly the survival outcome. We aim to evaluate the survival rate, median survival time after surgery among CCA patients and to determine the association between MPCC and survival.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate survival rate, median survival time after surgery among cholangiocarcinoma patients and to determine the association between mucin-producing cholangiocarcinoma and survival.
METHODS
CCA patients who underwent surgery between 2013 and 2020 from the Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program (CASCAP), Northeast Thailand were included in the study. The MPCC was based on pathological findings after surgery. The survival of CCA patients was verified through medical records and civil registration. Survival rates and median survival time since the date of CCA surgery and its 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated. Multiple cox regression was performed to evaluate factors associated with survival which were quantified by adjusted hazard ratios (AHR) and their 95% CI.
RESULTS
Of 1,249 CCA patients which constituted 24,593 person-months, 687 died at the completion of the study. The overall incidence rate was 2.79 per 100 patients per month, the median survival time was 21.77 months (95% CI: 19.87 - 23.84), and the 5-year survival rate was 28.29% (95% CI: 24.99 - 31.67). From these patients, 210 (16.81%) were MPCC, the incidence rate was 1.81 per 100 patients per month, median survival time was 41.21 months (95% CI: 26.16 - 81.97), and 5-year survival rate was 44.69% (95% CI: 32.47 - 56.16). MPCC were 35% less likely to died compared with non-MPCC (AHR = 0.65; 95% CI: 0.50 - 0.84).
CONCLUSIONS
Our study revealed that CCA patients with MPCC had longer survival times and higher survival rates than those without MPCC. This classification will lead to appropriate treatment guidelines for CCA patients.
Topics: Humans; Cholangiocarcinoma; Female; Male; Bile Duct Neoplasms; Middle Aged; Survival Rate; Thailand; Prognosis; Aged; Mucins; Follow-Up Studies
PubMed: 38918677
DOI: 10.31557/APJCP.2024.25.6.2139 -
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer... Jun 2024The lack of indicators to measure tumor's invasive biological behavior is an important issue. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of miRNAs 129 and 145 on...
OBJECTIVE
The lack of indicators to measure tumor's invasive biological behavior is an important issue. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of miRNAs 129 and 145 on tumor progression as well as patient survival.
METHOD
Seventy five breast cancer (BC) patients and 75 controls were included in this research. Two miRNA expressions were estimated using real-time PCR. Biomarkers for BC detection was tested using ROC curves and AUC.
RESULT
miR-129 and miR-145 expressions were significant. miR-129 and miR-145 classifiers (AUC = 0.943 and 0.748, respectively) help diagnose BC. Unlike miR-145, miR-129 did not affect the Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis for progression-free survival at the end of the trial. The development of transitional cell carcinoma disease was found to have a strong correlation with miR-145 in both univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses. Additionally, infiltrating + invasive urothelial carcinoma was also found to be correlated with miR-145. Conversely, elevated miR-129 expression in BC patients did not lead to an increase in cancer-specific recurrence or mortality, as observed in both univariate and multivariate Cox regression studies.
CONCLUSION
The miRNA signature can help detect survival-associated miRNAs and develop BC miRNA therapeutics.
Topics: Humans; MicroRNAs; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms; Female; Biomarkers, Tumor; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Case-Control Studies; Middle Aged; Prognosis; Survival Rate; Aged; Follow-Up Studies; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell; Male; ROC Curve
PubMed: 38918674
DOI: 10.31557/APJCP.2024.25.6.2113 -
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer... Jun 2024Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major public health problem and one of leading cancer related death all over the world. One of the prognostic parameters that play a role in...
BACKGROUND
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major public health problem and one of leading cancer related death all over the world. One of the prognostic parameters that play a role in different types of cancer is HER2. However, the role of HER2 in CRC and its relation with clinicopathological features and survival is conflicting. We hypothesize that HER2 has different patterns of expression in CRC which may affect the prognosis of patients.
MATERIAL & METHODS
We studied sixty specimens of colorectal carcinoma for HER2 immunohistochemistry and gene amplification and correlate it with clinicopathological features and patients` survival.
RESULTS
Our data showed that negative HER2 expression was statistically associated with female gender (P = 0.010) and low & intermediate tumor budding (P = 0.030). There was a statistically significant relation between HER2 IHC and HER2 FISH amplification (P=0.000). Although neither HER2 immunoexpression and FISH amplification showed significant relation with overall survival nor disease free survival, HER2 amplified CRCs tended to have a worse survival compared with negative CRCs (40 months versus 50 months). The presence of male gender, lymphovascular invasion, nodal metastasis and distant metastasis (P = 0.013, 0.006, 0.006 and 0.000 respectively) were significantly statistically associated with poor overall survival. The presence of tumor grade III and high tumor budding (P = 0.035 and 0.007 respectively) were significantly statistically associated with shorter disease free survival.
CONCLUSIONS
Our results showed that HER2 IHC 3+ staining is highly predictive of HER2 gene amplification in colorectal carcinomas. There is a tendency towards poorer prognosis in amplified HER2 CRC cases.
Topics: Humans; Male; Colorectal Neoplasms; Female; Receptor, ErbB-2; Middle Aged; Egypt; Prognosis; Survival Rate; Biomarkers, Tumor; Gene Amplification; Aged; Adult; Follow-Up Studies; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; Lymphatic Metastasis; Neoplasm Staging; Immunohistochemistry
PubMed: 38918664
DOI: 10.31557/APJCP.2024.25.6.2023 -
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer... Jun 2024Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a common type of cancer in Southeast Asia. This cancer usually spreads locally and to nearby lymph nodes. One unique feature of NPC is...
BACKGROUND
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a common type of cancer in Southeast Asia. This cancer usually spreads locally and to nearby lymph nodes. One unique feature of NPC is its many immune cells called tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). Recent studies have suggested that TILs in many types of cancer can indicate a better prognosis. However, the role of TILs in NPC is still a matter of debate. Further research is necessary to determine whether TILs can be used as a prognostic factor of NPC's outcome.
METHOD
A retrospective cohort study was conducted at Sardjito Hospital to examine the records and pathological sections of patients treated for the undifferentiated subtype of NPC. Two pathologists analyzed the presence of TILs using HE-stained slides. TILs were evaluated in stromal compartments, and their association with clinicopathological variables was analyzed using the Chi-square and Fisher exact tests. The study compared overall survival in tumor patients with varying TIL levels using Kaplan-Meier survival curves and the log-rank test. A Cox regression model was used for univariate and multivariate analyses to test the significance of different factors.
RESULT
Out of the total 61 subjects, 16 (26.2%) had high stromal TILs (≥ 70%), and 45 (73.8%) had low stromal TILs (<70%). The subjects' sex, age, and tumor stage did not affect the OS. However, high stromal TILs (≥ 70%) showed a significant association with a longer OS (log-rank test p = 0.006, HR 0.37, 95% CI 0.17-0.79, log-rank p = 0.006). Moreover, multivariate analysis confirmed that TILs were an independent prognostic indicator for OS (aHR 0.015).
CONCLUSION
TILs correlate positively with overall survival in the undifferentiated NPC subtype and are an independent prognostic indicator.
Topics: Humans; Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating; Male; Female; Prognosis; Retrospective Studies; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms; Middle Aged; Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma; Survival Rate; Adult; Carcinoma; Follow-Up Studies; Aged; Neoplasm Staging
PubMed: 38918661
DOI: 10.31557/APJCP.2024.25.6.1997 -
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer... Jun 2024Presently, ovarian cancer remains the leading cause of death in gynecological malignancies. The survival rate of these patients is low, which might be caused by early... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVE
Presently, ovarian cancer remains the leading cause of death in gynecological malignancies. The survival rate of these patients is low, which might be caused by early metastases and delayed diagnosis. Therefore, it is crucial to investigate novel practical markers that provide early prognostic value which helps construct individualized treatment.
METHODS
A thorough investigation of the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in ovarian cancer patients was conducted using article selection from PubMed, Cochrane, Science Direct, and Google Scholar databases. The outcomes and hazard ratio (HR) were obtained using Review Manager 5.4, and the 95% Confidence Interval (CI) result was calculated. The chief endpoints of interest in this study include overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS).
RESULTS
Sixteen studies with 3,862 patients were included with a mean age of 50.6 years and a mean follow-up of 45.84 months. Multivariate studies demonstrated that a higher NLR is associated with worse PFS and OS, HR 1.35;95% CI [1.05-1.74] and HR 1.46; 95% CI [1.16-1.83] respectively. Similar results are observed with PLR and poorer PFS and OS, HR 1.62; 95% CI [1.09-2.43] and HR 1.66; 95% CI [1.12-2.46].
CONCLUSION
Pre-treatment PLR and NLR were found to be prognostic factors in determining PFS and OS in ovarian cancer. High values in pre-treatment PLR and NLR may indicate worse clinical outcomes.
Topics: Humans; Female; Ovarian Neoplasms; Neutrophils; Prognosis; Lymphocytes; Biomarkers, Tumor; Blood Platelets; Lymphocyte Count; Survival Rate; Platelet Count
PubMed: 38918652
DOI: 10.31557/APJCP.2024.25.6.1921 -
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer... Jun 2024There have been several reports on rechallenge with docetaxel, cabazitaxel, abiraterone acetate, or ethinylestradiol for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer...
OBJECTIVE
There have been several reports on rechallenge with docetaxel, cabazitaxel, abiraterone acetate, or ethinylestradiol for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). However, the efficacy of enzalutamide rechallenge for mCRPC has not been evaluated.
METHODS
We retrospectively reviewed 63 consecutive patients who received enzalutamide for mCRPC at our institution between 2014 and 2022. Eight of these patients underwent rechallenge with enzalutamide after disease progression on prior enzalutamide and other therapy and were the focus of this study. The prostate-specific antigen (PSA) response (PSA decrease >50%), PSA progression-free survival, treatment duration, overall survival (OS) after CRPC, and treatment-related adverse events were evaluated.
RESULTS
PSA decline to enzalutamide rechallenge was observed in 6 patients (75%), of which 2 patients had a PSA response. The median treatment duration was 4 months (range 1-12) and median PSA progression-free survival was 3 months (range 1-7). Median OS after CRPC was 41 months. OS after CRPC was not increased in patients with a PSA response. No toxicities were worse than grade ≥3.
CONCLUSION
Enzalutamide rechallenge achieved a PSA response in a quarter of our patients with mCRPC after disease progression on prior enzalutamide. However, no improvement of OS was identified in these patients.
Topics: Humans; Male; Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant; Phenylthiohydantoin; Nitriles; Benzamides; Retrospective Studies; Aged; Middle Aged; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Follow-Up Studies; Survival Rate; Prognosis; Aged, 80 and over; Antineoplastic Agents
PubMed: 38918645
DOI: 10.31557/APJCP.2024.25.6.1863 -
MBio Jun 2024causes cryptococcosis, one of the most prevalent fungal diseases, generally characterized by meningitis. There is a limited and not very effective number of drugs...
UNLABELLED
causes cryptococcosis, one of the most prevalent fungal diseases, generally characterized by meningitis. There is a limited and not very effective number of drugs available to combat this disease. In this manuscript, we show the host defense peptide mimetic brilacidin (BRI) as a promising antifungal drug against . BRI can affect the organization of the cell membrane, increasing the fungal cell permeability. We also investigated the effects of BRI against the model system by analyzing libraries of mutants grown in the presence of BRI. In , BRI also affects the cell membrane organization, but in addition the cell wall integrity pathway and calcium metabolism. experiments show BRI significantly reduces survival inside macrophages and partially clears lung infection in an immunocompetent murine model of invasive pulmonary cryptococcosis. We also observed that BRI interacts with caspofungin (CAS) and amphotericin (AmB), potentiating their mechanism of action against . BRI + CAS affects endocytic movement, calcineurin, and mitogen-activated protein kinases. Our results indicate that BRI is a novel antifungal drug against cryptococcosis.
IMPORTANCE
Invasive fungal infections have a high mortality rate causing more deaths annually than tuberculosis or malaria. Cryptococcosis, one of the most prevalent fungal diseases, is generally characterized by meningitis and is mainly caused by two closely related species of basidiomycetous yeasts, and . There are few therapeutic options for treating cryptococcosis, and searching for new antifungal agents against this disease is very important. Here, we present brilacidin (BRI) as a potential antifungal agent against . BRI is a small molecule host defense peptide mimetic that has previously exhibited broad-spectrum immunomodulatory/anti-inflammatory activity against bacteria and viruses. BRI alone was shown to inhibit the growth of , acting as a fungicidal drug, but surprisingly also potentiated the activity of caspofungin (CAS) against this species. We investigated the mechanism of action of BRI and BRI + CAS against . We propose BRI as a new antifungal agent against cryptococcosis.
PubMed: 38916308
DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01031-24 -
Reumatismo Jun 2024Data from trials demonstrated that abatacept (ABA) has a good safety and efficacy profile in treating rheumatoid arthritis. We have studied the retention rate of ABA in...
OBJECTIVE
Data from trials demonstrated that abatacept (ABA) has a good safety and efficacy profile in treating rheumatoid arthritis. We have studied the retention rate of ABA in a real-life cohort of patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
METHODS
This is a monocentric, retrospective study including patients with rheumatoid arthritis classified by the American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism 2010 criteria who started treatment with ABA. The Kaplan-Meier method was applied to evaluate the ABA retention rate.
RESULTS
This analysis was conducted on 161 patients [male/female 21/140, median age 65 years, interquartile range (IQR) 18.7, median disease duration 169 months, IQR 144.0]. 111 patients (68.9%) received ABA subcutaneously. ABA was associated with methotrexate in 61.9% of patients and was the first biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drug in 41%. We observed a median ABA survival of 66 months [95% confidence interval (CI) 57.3-74.7], with a retention rate of 88% at 6 months and 50.9% at 5 years. Drug survival was significantly higher in patients treated with ABA subcutaneously and in male patients (p=0.039 and p=0.018, respectively). Adjusted for main confounders, female gender was the main predictor of withdrawal (hazard ratio 5.1, 95% CI 1.2-21.3).
CONCLUSIONS
Our study shows that better survival is associated with subcutaneous administration and male gender, confirming ABA effectiveness.
Topics: Humans; Abatacept; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Male; Female; Retrospective Studies; Aged; Antirheumatic Agents; Middle Aged; Methotrexate; Treatment Outcome; Kaplan-Meier Estimate; Drug Therapy, Combination; Cohort Studies
PubMed: 38916170
DOI: 10.4081/reumatismo.2024.1608 -
Frontiers in Nephrology 2024Various classes of targeted therapies have emerged in the last few years, which have revolutionized cancer treatment, and improved the prognosis and survival of cancer...
Various classes of targeted therapies have emerged in the last few years, which have revolutionized cancer treatment, and improved the prognosis and survival of cancer patients. Unfortunately, these agents have serious toxic effects on the kidneys. Some of the toxic effects are hypertension, acute kidney injury (AKI), and proteinuria. One interesting phenomenon that has emerged recently is pseudo-acute kidney injury due to the interference with the tubular secretion of creatinine by some of the targeted therapeutic agents. Understanding this physiology is needed to avoid unnecessary investigation and withholding of lifesaving chemo regimen. Alternative methods to assess renal function such as cystatin C-based estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) can differentiate true AKI from pseudo-AKI. Here, we describe one such case of pseudo-AKI from cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4/6 inhibitor, abemaciclib, which inhibits tubular secretion of creatinine. Using cystatin-C-based eGFR revealed pseudo-AKI in this case.
PubMed: 38915820
DOI: 10.3389/fneph.2024.1389562