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Plantar Pressure Characteristics and Prevention of Painful Accessory Navicular in Military Recruits.Journal of Musculoskeletal & Neuronal... Dec 2023The objective of this study was to provide practical guidance for the prevention of painful accessory navicular among recruits by comparing and analyzing the plantar...
OBJECTIVE
The objective of this study was to provide practical guidance for the prevention of painful accessory navicular among recruits by comparing and analyzing the plantar pressure parameters of individuals with normal foot, flat foot, and accessory navicular.
METHODS
After training, a total of 90 military recruits were included in this study, comprising 30 with normal foot, 30 with flat foot, and 30 with painful accessory navicular. The plantar pressure distribution was measured for all participants.
RESULTS
In individuals with flat feet, there was an increase in plantar pressure on the medial side of the forefoot, as well as a significant increase in pressure on the medial side of the heel and arch (P<0.05). Conversely, there was a significant decrease in pressure on the lateral side of the heel and arch (P<0.05). In patients with painful accessory navicular, the medial pressure on the foot arch showed a further increase (P<0.001), while the lateral pressure on the foot arch exhibited a further decrease (P<0.001), indicating highly significant differences.
CONCLUSION
Compared to participants with flat feet, participants with accessory navicular demonstrated faster and more impulsive impact on the ground within the same stress area, resulting in more noticeable pain caused by the injury to the accessory navicular.
Topics: Humans; Flatfoot; Military Personnel; Foot; Pain
PubMed: 38037362
DOI: No ID Found -
Cureus Oct 2023Flatfoot is a common condition among adults, according to orthopedic experts. Flatfoot is defined in this document as a foot condition that occurs after the completion... (Review)
Review
Flatfoot is a common condition among adults, according to orthopedic experts. Flatfoot is defined in this document as a foot condition that occurs after the completion of skeletal growth and is characterized by either partial or complete reduction of the medial longitudinal arch (MLA). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of short foot exercise (SFE) and faradic foot baths on people who have flat feet. This review focused on comprehensive original primary articles written in English. Numerous studies have been conducted in order to determine the effects of both interventions. The search yielded a wide range of papers, including editorials, review articles, freely available full texts, and abstracts. The results showed that both SFE and faradic foot baths effectively improved flat feet.
PubMed: 38021688
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.47803 -
JPMA. the Journal of the Pakistan... Nov 2023A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted on 165 healthy young adults. With pes rectus and pes planus to correlate the medial longitudinal arch height with...
A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted on 165 healthy young adults. With pes rectus and pes planus to correlate the medial longitudinal arch height with postural stability, sensory integration of balance and fall risk. Persons with pes cavus, congenital foot anomalies other than pes planus, leg length discrepancies, recent history of trauma, lower limb amputations, history of serious foot injury, ligamentous laxity, or an active inflammatory disorder were excluded. Outcome measurements included normalised truncated navicular height (NTNH), Chippaux Smirak index (CSI), athletic single leg stability (ASLS) index, fall risk (FR) index, postural stability (PS), clinical test of sensory integration of balance (CTSIB), and balance error scoring system (BESS). Spearman correlation and Mann Whitney U test were used for data analysis. CSI and NTNH were noted to have no significant correlation (p<0.05) with PS, FR, CTSIB, ASLS and BESS among healthy young adults. Males were observed to have poorer balance and fall risk as compared to females.
Topics: Male; Female; Humans; Young Adult; Flatfoot; Cross-Sectional Studies; Foot; Tarsal Bones; Leg; Postural Balance
PubMed: 38013537
DOI: 10.47391/JPMA.7214 -
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Nov 2023: although musculoskeletal alterations are common in patients with Down syndrome (DS), studies investigating this association are scarce, and proposals for diagnostic...
: although musculoskeletal alterations are common in patients with Down syndrome (DS), studies investigating this association are scarce, and proposals for diagnostic standardization are limited. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in the lower limbs in a sample of children and adolescents with DS and to investigate the diagnostic capacity of orthopedic clinical examinations performed by orthopedists and pediatricians to diagnose these alterations. : Twenty-two patients aged between three and ten years with DS were included. Patients and guardians answered a simple questionnaire regarding orthopedic complaints and underwent a systematic orthopedic physical examination, performed twice: once by an orthopedist and again by a pediatrician. Patients underwent a series of radiographs to diagnose anisomelia, hip dysplasia, epiphysiolysis, flatfoot valgus, mechanical axis varus, and mechanical axis valgus. The radiological diagnosis was considered the gold standard, and the diagnostic capacity of the physical examination performed by each physician was determined. : The median age was 6.50 years. Only four patients (18.2%) presented with orthopedic complaints. All patients were diagnosed with at least one musculoskeletal disorder. The only musculoskeletal disorder with a good diagnostic capacity was flatfoot valgus. Limited sensitivity values were found for hip dysplasia, mechanical axis varus, and mechanical axis valgus. The agreement between the orthopedic physical examinations performed by the two examiners was weak, poor, or indeterminate for most of the analyzed items. : There was a high prevalence of orthopedic alterations in children with DS who did not present with musculoskeletal complaints. The diagnostic capacity of the physical examination was limited. Therefore, all children with DS should undergo a radiological evaluation of the musculoskeletal system and subsequent specialized orthopedic evaluation. Level of Evidence: Level II (Diagnostic Studies).
Topics: Adolescent; Humans; Child; Child, Preschool; Flatfoot; Down Syndrome; Hip Dislocation; Lower Extremity; Musculoskeletal Diseases; Hip Dislocation, Congenital; Physical Examination
PubMed: 38004035
DOI: 10.3390/medicina59111986 -
World Journal of Orthopedics Oct 2023Flexible flatfoot (FFF) is a very common condition in children, but no evidence-based guidelines or assessment tools exist. Yet, surgical indication is left to the...
BACKGROUND
Flexible flatfoot (FFF) is a very common condition in children, but no evidence-based guidelines or assessment tools exist. Yet, surgical indication is left to the surgeon's experience and preferences.
AIM
To develop a functional clinical score for FFF [Catania flatfoot (CTF) score] and a measure of internal consistency; to evaluate inter-observer and intra-observer reliability of the CTF Score; to provide a strong tool for proper FFF surgical indication.
METHODS
CTF is a medically compiled score of four main domains for a total of twelve items: Patient features, Pain, Clinical Parameters, and Functionality. Each item refers to a specific rate. Five experienced observers answered 10 case reports according to the CTF. To assess inter- and intra-observer reliability of the CTF score, the intra-class correlation coefficients' (ICCs) statistics test was performed, as well as to gauge the correlation between the CTF score and the surgical or conservative treatment indication. Values of 75% were chosen as the score cut-off for surgical indication. Sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (PLHR), negative likelihood ratio (NLHR), positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV).
RESULTS
Overall interobserver reliability ICC was 0.87 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.846-0.892; < 0.001]. Overall intra-observer reliability ICC was 0.883 (95%CI: 0.854-0.909; < 0.001). A direct correlation between the CTF score and surgical treatment indication [Pearson correlation coefficient = 0.94 ( < 0.001)] was found. According to the 75% cut-off, the sensitivity was 100% (95%CI: 83.43%-100%), specificity was 85.71% (95%CI: 75.29%-92.93%), PLHR was 7 (95%CI: 3.94-12.43), NLHR was 0 (95%CI: 0-0), PPV was 75% (95%CI: 62.83%-84.19%) and NPV was 100% (95%CI: 100%-100%).
CONCLUSION
CTF represents a useful tool for orthopedic surgeons in the FFF evaluation. The CTF score is a quality questionnaire to reproduce suitable clinical research, survey studies, and clinical practice. Moreover, the 75% cut-off is an important threshold for surgical indication and helps in the decision-making process.
PubMed: 37970624
DOI: 10.5312/wjo.v14.i10.755 -
PloS One 2023The effects of foot deformities and corrections on the ankle joint without osteoarthritis has received little attention. This study aimed to investigate the effect of...
OBJECTIVES
The effects of foot deformities and corrections on the ankle joint without osteoarthritis has received little attention. This study aimed to investigate the effect of flatfoot correction on the ankle joint of patients without osteoarthritis.
METHODS
Thirty-five patients (24 men and 11 women; mean age 17.5 years) who underwent lateral column lengthening for flatfoot deformities were included. The mean postoperative follow-up period was 20.5 months (standard deviation [SD]: 15.7 months). Radiographic indices were measured pre- and postoperatively, including anteroposterior (AP) and lateral talo-first metatarsal angles, naviculocuboid overlap, position of the articulating talar surface, and lateral talar center migration. Postoperative changes in the radiographic indices were statistically analyzed.
RESULTS
There was significant postoperative improvement in flatfoot deformity in terms of AP and lateral talo-first metatarsal angles (p<0.001 and p<0.001, respectively) and naviculocuboid overlap (p<0.001). On lateral radiographs, the talar articulating surface dorsiflexed by 7.3% (p<0.001), and the center of the talar body shifted anteriorly by 0.85 mm (p<0.001) postoperatively.
CONCLUSIONS
Flatfoot correction using lateral column and Achilles tendon lengthening caused dorsiflexion and an anterior shift of the articular talar body in patients without osteoarthritis. Correction of flatfoot deformity might affect the articular contact area at the ankle joint. The biomechanical effects of this change need to be investigated further.
Topics: Male; Humans; Female; Adolescent; Flatfoot; Ankle Joint; Retrospective Studies; Tendon Transfer; Osteoarthritis
PubMed: 37917738
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286013 -
International Orthopaedics Jun 2024We aimed to report early results of performing joint-preserving surgeries for managing spasmodic flatfoot deformity (SFFD) in adolescents.
PURPOSE
We aimed to report early results of performing joint-preserving surgeries for managing spasmodic flatfoot deformity (SFFD) in adolescents.
METHODS
A prospective case series study including 24 patients (27 feet) diagnosed with idiopathic SFFD not responding to conservative management. After reassessment under anesthesia, surgical procedures included soft tissue releases (Achilles tendon (AT), peroneus brevis (PB), peroneus tertius (PT) (if present), and extensor digitorum longus (EDL)), bony osteotomies (lateral column lengthening (LCL), medial displacement calcaneal osteotomy (MDCO), and double calcaneal osteotomy (DCO)), and medial soft tissue reconstruction or augmentation if needed. Functional evaluation was performed per the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score, while radiological parameters included talo-navicular coverage angle (TNCA), talo-first metatarsal angle (AP Meary's angle), calcaneal inclination angle (CIA), talo-calcaneal angle (TCA), talo-first metatarsal angle (Lat. Meary's angle), and tibio-calcaneal angle (TibCA). The preoperative parameters were compared to the last follow-up using the Wilcoxon signed test.
RESULTS
The mean age was 15.37 ± 3.4 years, 18 (75%) were boys, and the mean BMI was 28.52 ± 3.5 (kg/m). Release of AT and fractional lengthening of PL, PT, and EDL were performed in all patients. LCL was needed in eight feet (29.6%), MDCO in 5 (18.5%), and DCO in 14 (51.9%). FDL transfer was required in 12 (44.4%) feet, and repair of the spring ligament in seven (25.9%). The mean operative time was 99.09 ± 15.67 min. All osteotomies were united after a mean of 2.3 ± 0.5 months. After a mean follow-up of 24.12 ± 8.88 months (12 and 36 months), the AOFAS improved from a preoperative mean of 43.89 ± 11.49 to a mean of 87.26 ± 9.92 (P < 0.001). All radiological parameters showed significant improvement, AP Meary's angle from a mean of 20.4 ± 5.3 to a mean of 9.2 ± 2.1, Lat. Meary's angle from - 15.67° ± 6.31 to - 5.63° ± 5.03, TNCA from - 26.48° ± 5.94 to 13.63° ± 4.36, CIA from 12.04° ± 2.63 to 16.11° ± 3.71, TibCA from - 14.04° ± 3.15 to - 9.37° ± 3.34, and TCA Lat. from 42.65° ± 10.68 to 25.60° ± 5.69 (P ≤ 0.001). One developed wound dehiscence (over an MDCO), managed with daily dressings and local antibiotics. Another one developed lateral foot pain after having LCL managed by metal removal.
CONCLUSION
Careful clinical and radiological evaluation for the correct diagnosis of SFFD is paramount. Joint-preserving bony osteotomies combined with selective soft tissue procedures resulted in acceptable functional and radiological outcomes in this young age group.
Topics: Humans; Flatfoot; Adolescent; Male; Female; Prospective Studies; Osteotomy; Treatment Outcome; Child; Calcaneus; Young Adult; North African People
PubMed: 37861704
DOI: 10.1007/s00264-023-06011-5 -
BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders Oct 2023Idiopathic flexible flatfoot is a common condition in children which typically improves with age and remains asymptomatic. However, the condition can sometimes be more...
BACKGROUND
Idiopathic flexible flatfoot is a common condition in children which typically improves with age and remains asymptomatic. However, the condition can sometimes be more severe, and cause mechanical impairment or pain. The aim of the study was to perform a prospective clinical, radiological, podoscopic and pedobarographic assessment (static and dynamic) of subtalar titanium screw arthroereisis for the treatment of symptomatic, idiopathic, flexible flatfeet.
METHODS
A prospective, consecutive, non-controlled, cohort, clinical follow-up study was performed. In total, 30 patients (41 feet), mean age 10 (6 to 16 years), were evaluated. Clinical and standing radiological assessments, static and dynamic pedobarography, as well as podoscopy, were performed before surgery and at final follow-up.
RESULTS
Treatment was associated with significant improvements in heel valgus angle, radiographic parameters (lateral and dorso-planar talo-first metatarsal angle, calcaneal inclination angle, talar declination angle, longitudinal arch angle) and podoscopic parameters (Clark's angle, Staheli's arch index and Chippaux-Smirak index). Significant increases were noted for lateral loading, forefoot contact phase and double support / swing phase, and reduced medial loading (dynamic pedobarography), as well as lateral midfoot area and loading, but decreased were observed for medial forefoot loading (static pedobarography). Four patients reported persistent pain in the sinus tarsi region (six feet), and in one case, the implant was replaced for a larger one due to undercorrection. No overcorrections or infection complications were noted in the study group.
CONCLUSIONS
Subtalar arthroereisis is a minimally-invasive and effective surgical method for treating symptomatic, idiopathic, flexible flatfeet; it has an acceptable complication rate with good early clinical results.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
II b.
Topics: Humans; Child; Flatfoot; Titanium; Follow-Up Studies; Prospective Studies; Pain; Bone Screws
PubMed: 37858058
DOI: 10.1186/s12891-023-06937-2 -
Communications Biology Oct 2023The evolution of the medial longitudinal arch (MLA) is one of the most impactful adaptations in the hominin foot that emerged with bipedalism. When and how it evolved in...
The evolution of the medial longitudinal arch (MLA) is one of the most impactful adaptations in the hominin foot that emerged with bipedalism. When and how it evolved in the human lineage is still unresolved. Complicating the issue, clinical definitions of flatfoot in living Homo sapiens have not reached a consensus. Here we digitally investigate the navicular morphology of H. sapiens (living, archaeological, and fossil), great apes, and fossil hominins and its correlation with the MLA. A distinctive navicular shape characterises living H. sapiens with adult acquired flexible flatfoot, while the congenital flexible flatfoot exhibits a 'normal' navicular shape. All H. sapiens groups differentiate from great apes independently from variations in the MLA, likely because of bipedalism. Most australopith, H. naledi, and H. floresiensis navicular shapes are closer to those of great apes, which is inconsistent with a human-like MLA and instead might suggest a certain degree of arboreality. Navicular shape of OH 8 and fossil H. sapiens falls within the normal living H. sapiens spectrum of variation of the MLA (including congenital flexible flatfoot and individuals with a well-developed MLA). At the same time, H. neanderthalensis seem to be characterised by a different expression of the MLA.
Topics: Adult; Animals; Humans; Flatfoot; Hominidae; Foot; Fossils
PubMed: 37857853
DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05431-8 -
Frontiers in Pediatrics 2023Subtalar arthroereisis (STA) has gained growing acceptance as a viable approach solution for the management of pediatric flexible flatfoot. However, STA still remains...
Mid-term assessment of subtalar arthroereisis with Talar-Fit implant in pediatric patients with flexible flatfoot and comparing the difference between different sizes and exploring the position of the inserted implant.
BACKGROUND
Subtalar arthroereisis (STA) has gained growing acceptance as a viable approach solution for the management of pediatric flexible flatfoot. However, STA still remains controversial. The purpose of this study is to assess the effect of STA using the Talar-Fit implant for treating pediatric flexible flatfoot. Specifically, the aims of the study are as follows: first, to present the mid-term outcomes of STA using the Talar-Fit implant; second, to compare the radiographic and clinical outcomes associated with varying sizes of Talar-Fit implant; and third, to analyze the optimal position of the inserted implants.
METHODS
A retrospective analysis was conducted on a cohort of 57 pediatric patients diagnosed with flexible flatfoot (77 feet) who underwent STA utilizing Talar-Fit between January 2014 and December 2021. The participants were categorized into five groups according to the size of the implant: Group 8, Group 9, Group 10, Group 11, and Group 12. The evaluation included the assessment of clinical function using the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hind foot score, as well as the assessment of radiographic data such as the calcaneal pitch angle (CPA), lateral Meary angle (LMA), talar declination angle (TDA), and medial longitudinal arch angle (MLAA) were evaluated. Furthermore, the position of the inserted implants was also recorded, including angle, depth, and distance. The comparison of pre- and postoperation was conducted using the paired Student's -test, whereas the analysis of differences among subgroups was performed using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test. A -value < 0.05 is considered statistically significant.
RESULTS
In total, 57 pediatric patients (77 feet) were successfully followed-up for an average period of 26.8 months. The overall AOFAS score significantly improved from 58.6 ± 10.9 to 85.2 ± 8.6 ( < 0.001). Furthermore, the LMA decreased from 20.3° ± 3.6° to 4.5° ± 1.3°, the CPA increased from 14.8° ± 1.6° to 23.6° ± 2.7°( < 0.05), the TDA decreased from 40.2° ± 2.3° to 25.5° ± 3.2°( < 0.05), and the MLAA decreased from 140.1° ± 2.8° to 121.4° ± 3.9°( < 0.05). No statistically significant differences were observed among subgroups regarding the final outcomes. The improvements of CPA, TDA, and MLAA among different groups were significantly different; however, the adjusted -values were all greater than 0.05. The implant were inserted at a mean angle of 89.5° ± 2.4°, a mean depth of 0.9 mm ± 2.1 mm, and a mean distance of 9.9 mm ± 0.9 mm. Eight patients experienced complications, including six cases of pain occurrence and two cases of implant dislocation.
CONCLUSION
STA with Talar-Fit has demonstrated satisfactory mid-term outcomes. A Talar-Fit with a larger size may demonstrate a superior effect when compared with that of a smaller size. The implants were inserted in a similar position, indicating that the medial edge of the implant may be possible to transcend the midline of the talus neck.
PubMed: 37849498
DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1258835