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BMC Microbiology May 2024The production of succinic acid (SA) from biomass has attracted worldwide interest. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is preferred for SA production due to its strong tolerance...
BACKGROUND
The production of succinic acid (SA) from biomass has attracted worldwide interest. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is preferred for SA production due to its strong tolerance to low pH conditions, ease of genetic manipulation, and extensive application in industrial processes. However, when compared with bacterial producers, the SA titers and productivities achieved by engineered S. cerevisiae strains were relatively low. To develop efficient SA-producing strains, it's necessary to clearly understand how S. cerevisiae cells respond to SA.
RESULTS
In this study, we cultivated five S. cerevisiae strains with different genetic backgrounds under different concentrations of SA. Among them, KF7 and NBRC1958 demonstrated high tolerance to SA, whereas NBRC2018 displayed the least tolerance. Therefore, these three strains were chosen to study how S. cerevisiae responds to SA. Under a concentration of 20 g/L SA, only a few differentially expressed genes were observed in three strains. At the higher concentration of 60 g/L SA, the response mechanisms of the three strains diverged notably. For KF7, genes involved in the glyoxylate cycle were significantly downregulated, whereas genes involved in gluconeogenesis, the pentose phosphate pathway, protein folding, and meiosis were significantly upregulated. For NBRC1958, genes related to the biosynthesis of vitamin B6, thiamin, and purine were significantly downregulated, whereas genes related to protein folding, toxin efflux, and cell wall remodeling were significantly upregulated. For NBRC2018, there was a significant upregulation of genes connected to the pentose phosphate pathway, gluconeogenesis, fatty acid utilization, and protein folding, except for the small heat shock protein gene HSP26. Overexpression of HSP26 and HSP42 notably enhanced the cell growth of NBRC1958 both in the presence and absence of SA.
CONCLUSIONS
The inherent activities of small heat shock proteins, the levels of acetyl-CoA and the strains' potential capacity to consume SA all seem to affect the responses and tolerances of S. cerevisiae strains to SA. These factors should be taken into consideration when choosing host strains for SA production. This study provides a theoretical basis and identifies potential host strains for the development of robust and efficient SA-producing strains.
Topics: Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Succinic Acid; Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; Fermentation
PubMed: 38720268
DOI: 10.1186/s12866-024-03314-4 -
Practical Laboratory Medicine Mar 2024Clinical decision making depends mostly on appropriate application of numerical pathology reports from laboratory results, interpreted by comparison with reference...
OBJECTIVES
Clinical decision making depends mostly on appropriate application of numerical pathology reports from laboratory results, interpreted by comparison with reference intervals. We determined serum reference intervals of micronutrients, vitamins, and detectable interleukins among healthy adults in South-Western Nigeria.
DESIGN AND METHODS
This prospective study used a priori selection approach in blood-donors. They were screened for conditions that could elicit cytokine production.Serum micronutrients were assayed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry; interleukins and vitamins by high Performance Liquid Chromatography. The reference intervals (RIs) were estimated at 2.5th percentile and 97.5th percentile.
RESULTS
One hundred and eighteen (118) apparently healthy subjects, aged 18-56 years; 113 (95.8%) being 18-44years, and 5 (4.2%): 45-56 years; mostly males, 13 (11.02%) females, all Africans of Yoruba ethnicity.Estimated reference limits were: Zinc: 9.49-20.54 μmol/L, Selenium: 0.50-1.11 μmol/L, Copper: 13.86-27.97 μmol/L, Iron: 14.19-32.07 μmol/L, Manganese: 6.24-16.37 nmol/L; Magnesium: 0.78-1.62 mmol/L.Vitamins: A-1.08-2.39 μmol/L; D: 59.89-164.42 μmol/L; E: 7.13-19.45 μmol/L; K: 0.16-0.42 nmol/L; B1: 74.09-201.56 nmol/L; B6: 0.12-0.29 nmol/L; B12: 155.55-407.96 pmol/L; C: 47.74-112.99 μmol/L.Detected interleukins (IL-1 to IL-18): IL-1: 0.58-1.24 ng/L, IL-2: 0.09-0.18 ng/L, IL-3: 0.39-0.89 ng/L, IL-4: 0.27-0.58 ng/L, ….to IL-18: 0.74-1.56 ng/L.
CONCLUSIONS
The RI derived from this study for serum micronutrient, vitamin and interleukin concentrations are the first published for our population. They are in general agreement with those published from other geographical climes but there are differences at the lower and upper limits of the RI. The study reinforces the importance of deriving RI for the population that a clinical laboratory will serve.
PubMed: 38715661
DOI: 10.1016/j.plabm.2024.e00363 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2024There are few studies investigating the relationship between serum vitamin B6 and mortality risk in the elderly. This study hereby evaluated the associations between...
BACKGROUND
There are few studies investigating the relationship between serum vitamin B6 and mortality risk in the elderly. This study hereby evaluated the associations between biomarkers of serum vitamin B6 status and cardiovascular, cancer, and all-cause mortality risks in the elderly.
METHODS
Our study included a total of 4,881 participants aged 60 years or older from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005-2010. Serum vitamin B6 status was estimated based on levels of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP), 4-pyridoxic acid (4-PA), and vitamin B6 turnover rate (4-PA/PLP) detected by high-performance liquid chromatography. Survival status and corresponding causes of death were matched through the National Death Index records through December 31, 2019. Multivariate Cox regression model was adopted to assess the relationships between serum vitamin B6 status and the risk of mortality.
RESULTS
During a median follow-up period of 10.33 years, 507 cardiovascular deaths, 426 cancer deaths, and 1995 all-cause deaths were recorded, respectively. In the multivariate-adjusted Cox model, the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the highest versus the lowest quartiles of PLP, 4-PA, and 4-PA/PLP were 0.70(0.54-0.90), 1.33(0.88-2.02), and 2.01(1.41-2.79) for cardiovascular mortality, 0.73(0.52-1.02), 1.05(0.71-1.57), and 1.95(1.25-3.05) for cancer mortality, and 0.62(0.53-0.74), 1.05(0.82-1.34), and 2.29(1.87-2.79) for all-cause mortality, respectively.
CONCLUSION
Our study found that lower serum PLP levels were associated with increased risks of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality among the elderly population. And higher vitamin B6 turnover rate was associated with increased risks of cardiovascular, cancer, and all-cause mortality.
Topics: Humans; Female; Neoplasms; Cardiovascular Diseases; Male; Aged; Vitamin B 6; Middle Aged; Nutrition Surveys; Biomarkers; Risk Factors; Cause of Death; Aged, 80 and over; Pyridoxal Phosphate; Pyridoxic Acid
PubMed: 38698865
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1354958 -
BMC Gastroenterology May 2024Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a prevalent exocrine inflammatory disorder of the pancreas characterized by pancreatic inflammation and injury to acinar cells. Vitamin B6...
BACKGROUND
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a prevalent exocrine inflammatory disorder of the pancreas characterized by pancreatic inflammation and injury to acinar cells. Vitamin B6 (VB6) is a vital nutrient that plays a significant role in preserving human health and has anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects.
METHODS
This study aimed to explore the potential pancreatic protective effects of VB6 in mitigating pancreatic inflammation and apoptosis induced by taurocholate sodium (TLCS) in an AP model and to assess the underlying mechanism of action. AP was induced in Sprague‒Dawley (SD) rats through TLCS administration and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated AR42J cells, followed by treatment with VB6.
RESULTS
Various parameters associated with AP were assessed in both plasma and pancreatic tissues. VB6 has been shown to ameliorate the severity of AP through various mechanisms. It effectively reduces the levels of serum amylase, lipase, and inflammatory factors, thereby mitigating histological injury to the pancreas. Moreover, VB6 inhibited pancreatic apoptosis by downregulating bax expression and up-regulating Bcl2 expression in TLCS-treated rats. Additionally, VB6 suppressed the expression of caspase3. The anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects of VB6 observed in LPS-treated AR42J cells are consistent with those observed in a rat model of AP.
CONCLUSIONS
These results suggest that VB6 exerts anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects through inhibition of the caspase3 signaling pathway and has a protective effect against AP.
Topics: Animals; Pancreatitis; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Signal Transduction; Apoptosis; Taurocholic Acid; Caspase 3; Rats; Vitamin B 6; Male; Lipopolysaccharides; Amylases; Pancreas; Disease Models, Animal; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Acute Disease; bcl-2-Associated X Protein; Lipase; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2
PubMed: 38698325
DOI: 10.1186/s12876-024-03248-1 -
Microbiology Spectrum Jun 2024Our study aims to investigate the impact of probiotic consumption during pregnancy on gut microbiota functional diversity in healthy pregnant women. Thirty-two pregnant... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
UNLABELLED
Our study aims to investigate the impact of probiotic consumption during pregnancy on gut microbiota functional diversity in healthy pregnant women. Thirty-two pregnant women were randomly assigned to two groups. The probiotic group (PG) consisted of pregnant women who consumed triple viable , , and tablets from the 32nd week of pregnancy until delivery. The functional profiles of the gut microbiota were predicted through high-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing results using PICRUSt software and referencing the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database. In the gut microbiota of the PG, the genera and , as well as the species , showed significantly higher relative abundances compared to the control group (CG) ( < 0.05). At Level 1 of the KEGG signaling pathways, there was a significant reduction in the functional genes of the gut microbiota involved in Organismal Systems in the PG ( < 0.05). In Level 2 of the KEGG signaling pathways, there was a significant reduction in the functional genes of the gut microbiota involved in Infectious Disease in the PG ( < 0.05). In Level 3 of the KEGG signaling pathways, the PG exhibited a significant increase in the functional genes of the gut microbiota involved in ABC transporters, Oxidative phosphorylation, Folate biosynthesis, and Biotin metabolism ( < 0.05). The CG showed a significant increase in the functional genes related to Cysteine and methionine metabolism, Vitamin B6 metabolism, Tuberculosis, and pathogenic cycle ( < 0.05). In conclusion, our findings suggest that probiotic supplementation during pregnancy has a significant impact on functional metabolism in healthy pregnant women.
IMPORTANCE
Probiotics are considered beneficial to human health. There is limited understanding of how probiotic consumption during pregnancy affects the functional diversity of the gut microbiota. The aim of our study is to investigate the impact of probiotic consumption during pregnancy on the functional diversity of the gut microbiota. Our findings suggest that probiotic supplementation during pregnancy has a significant impact on functional metabolism. This could potentially open up new avenues for preventing various pregnancy-related complications. This also provides new insights into the effects of probiotic consumption during pregnancy on the gut microbiota and offers a convenient method for exploring the potential mechanisms underlying the impact of probiotics on the gut microbiota of pregnant women.
Topics: Humans; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Probiotics; Pregnancy; Adult; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Bacteria; Feces; Streptococcus thermophilus; Bifidobacterium longum; Young Adult; Lactobacillus delbrueckii
PubMed: 38687069
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00413-24 -
Nutrients Apr 2024We aimed to investigate the associations between maternal intake of folate, vitamin B12, B6, B2, methionine, choline, phosphatidylcholine and betaine during the period...
We aimed to investigate the associations between maternal intake of folate, vitamin B12, B6, B2, methionine, choline, phosphatidylcholine and betaine during the period surrounding pregnancy and offspring weight outcomes from birth to early adulthood. These associations were examined among 2454 mother-child pairs from the Nurses' Health Study II and Growing Up Today Study. Maternal energy-adjusted nutrient intakes were derived from food frequency questionnaires. Birth weight, body size at age 5 and repeated BMI measurements were considered. Overweight/obesity was defined according to the International Obesity Task Force (<18 years) and World Health Organization guidelines (18+ years). Among other estimands, we report relative risks (RRs) for offspring ever being overweight with corresponding 95% confidence intervals across quintiles of dietary factors, with the lowest quintile as the reference. In multivariate-adjusted models, higher maternal intakes of phosphatidylcholine were associated with a higher risk of offspring ever being overweight (RRQ5vsQ1 = 1.16 [1.01-1.33] -trend: 0.003). The association was stronger among offspring born to mothers with high red meat intake (high red meat RRQ5vsQ1 = 1.50 [1.14-1.98], -trend: 0.001; low red meat RRQ5vsQ1 = 1.05 [0.87-1.27], -trend: 0.46; -interaction = 0.13). Future studies confirming the association between a higher maternal phosphatidylcholine intake during pregnancy and offspring risk of being overweight or obese are needed.
Topics: Humans; Female; Pregnancy; Prospective Studies; Adult; Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Overweight; Diet; Risk Factors; Male; Obesity; Child, Preschool; Body Mass Index; Choline; Phosphatidylcholines; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Birth Weight
PubMed: 38674900
DOI: 10.3390/nu16081210 -
International Journal of Molecular... Apr 2024Platinum-containing chemotherapeutic drugs are efficacious in many forms of cancer but are dose-restricted by serious side effects, of which peripheral neuropathy... (Review)
Review
Platinum-containing chemotherapeutic drugs are efficacious in many forms of cancer but are dose-restricted by serious side effects, of which peripheral neuropathy induced by oxidative-nitrosative-stress-mediated chain reactions is most disturbing. Recently, hope has been raised regarding the catalytic antioxidants mangafodipir (MnDPDP) and calmangafodipir [CaMn(DPDP); PledOx], which by mimicking mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) may be expected to overcome oxaliplatin-associated chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN). Unfortunately, two recent phase III studies (POLAR A and M trials) applying CaMn(DPDP) in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients receiving multiple cycles of FOLFOX6 (5-FU + oxaliplatin) failed to demonstrate efficacy. Instead of an anticipated 50% reduction in the incidence of CIPN in patients co-treated with CaMn(DPDP), a statistically significant increase of about 50% was seen. The current article deals with confusing differences between early and positive findings with MnDPDP in comparison to the recent findings with CaMn(DPDP). The POLAR failure may also reveal important mechanisms behind oxaliplatin-associated CIPN itself. Thus, exacerbated neurotoxicity in patients receiving CaMn(DPDP) may be explained by redox interactions between Pt and Mn and subtle oxidative-nitrosative chain reactions. In peripheral sensory nerves, Pt presumably leads to oxidation of the Mn from CaMn(DPDP) as well as from Mn in MnSOD and other endogenous sources. Thereafter, Mn may be oxidized by peroxynitrite (ONOO) into Mn, which drives site-specific nitration of tyrosine (Tyr) 34 in the MnSOD enzyme. Conformational changes of MnSOD then lead to the closure of the superoxide (O) access channel. A similar metal-driven nitration of Tyr74 in cytochrome c will cause an irreversible disruption of electron transport. Altogether, these events may uncover important steps in the mechanism behind Pt-associated CIPN. There is little doubt that the efficacy of MnDPDP and its therapeutic improved counterpart CaMn(DPDP) mainly depends on their MnSOD-mimetic activity when it comes to their potential use as rescue medicines during, e.g., acute myocardial infarction. However, pharmacokinetic considerations suggest that the efficacy of MnDPDP on Pt-associated neurotoxicity depends on another action of this drug. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) studies have demonstrated that Pt outcompetes Mn and endogenous Zn in binding to fodipir (DPDP), hence suggesting that the previously reported protective efficacy of MnDPDP against CIPN is a result of chelation and elimination of Pt by DPDP, which in turn suggests that Mn is unnecessary for efficacy when it comes to oxaliplatin-associated CIPN.
Topics: Humans; Antineoplastic Agents; Edetic Acid; Manganese; Nitrosative Stress; Oxaliplatin; Oxidative Stress; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases; Platinum; Pyridoxal Phosphate; Superoxide Dismutase; Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic
PubMed: 38673932
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084347 -
Food Chemistry Sep 2024Foods are analysed for their vitamin content to support the verification of regulatory compliance or to generate food composition data. Many international reference... (Review)
Review
Foods are analysed for their vitamin content to support the verification of regulatory compliance or to generate food composition data. Many international reference methods for the analysis of vitamins in foods originate from the 1990s. Advances in nutrition science and analytical technology and the continuing evolution of statutory regulations necessitate the need of new or supplementary regulatory standards. We have evaluated recent developments in these areas and conclude that most current international reference methods are no longer fit-for-purpose to accurately determine vitamin content in foods and food supplements. We have made recommendations to consider new and/or updated reference methods and regulatory standards for the analysis of vitamins A, D, E, K, B, B, B B, B, B, B, B, C and carotenoids in foods and food supplements. This area of nutrients may benefit from globally harmonised definitions specifying what compounds to include or exclude for analysis, and applicable bioactivity factors.
Topics: Vitamins; Food Analysis; Nutritive Value; Humans; Reference Standards; Dietary Supplements
PubMed: 38670025
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139383 -
Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Apr 2024Vitamins and homocysteine (Hcy) are involved in liver metabolism and related to the pathogenesis of autoimmune liver disease (AILD), but consensus is lacking. This study... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVE
Vitamins and homocysteine (Hcy) are involved in liver metabolism and related to the pathogenesis of autoimmune liver disease (AILD), but consensus is lacking. This study aims to systematically summarize relevant evidence to clarify the association of serum vitamins and Hcy levels with AILD.
METHODS
The English and Chinese literature was searched until August 29, 2023. Studies were included if they were observational studies of investigating serum vitamins and Hcy levels in patients with AILD and their healthy comparisons. Quality assessment was performed by using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, and a meta-analysis was conducted using ReviewManager 5.3. The protocol was registered in the international prospective register of systematic reviews (PROSPERO), with registration number CRD42023455367.
RESULTS
A total of 25 case-control studies comprising 3487 patients (1673 patients and 1814 healthy controls) were included for analysis. There were 548 autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) cases, 1106 primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) cases, and 19 primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) cases. We found that serum A and E were decreased in both AIH and PBC/PSC; but vitamin C was reduced only in patients with PBC, not AIH. In addition, decreased content of 25(OH)D3 was found in both AIH and PBC. However, levels of 25(OH)D did not differ between the patients and controls, and were independent of disease types and the country. Only one study that met the inclusion criteria reported vitamin B6, B9, B12, and Hcy changes, and found that vitamin B6 and B9 were significantly decreased in patients with PBC, while serum vitamin B12 and Hcy levels were significantly elevated in them. One eligible study each confirmed a reduction in plasma vitamin K1 and 1,25(OH)2D3 in patients with PBC.
CONCLUSION
Most vitamins are deficient in AILD, so appropriate vitamin supplementation should be necessary. Further studies with larger sample sizes are needed to validate these findings.
Topics: Humans; Homocysteine; Vitamins; Hepatitis, Autoimmune; Case-Control Studies; Autoimmune Diseases
PubMed: 38652023
DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1258 -
Frontiers in Nutrition 2024Periodontitis is a prevalent inflammatory periodontal disease that has an impact on the overall quality of life. Although several studies have indicated an association...
BACKGROUND
Periodontitis is a prevalent inflammatory periodontal disease that has an impact on the overall quality of life. Although several studies have indicated an association between individual vitamin intake and periodontitis risk, the associations of the multivitamins with periodontitis risk remain unclear.
AIM
This study aimed to explore the joint effect of multivitamins (including vitamin A, vitamin B, vitamin B, vitamin B, vitamin B, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E, and vitamin K) on periodontitis.
METHODS
For this cross-sectional study, data were collected from participants aged ≥ 30 years in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 2009-2014 ( = 9,820). We employed weighted multivariate logistic regression models to evaluate the single association between individual vitamin intakes and periodontitis, and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR), weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression, and quantile g-computation (qgcomp) models to assess the joint effect of nine vitamins on periodontitis.
RESULTS
The overall prevalence of periodontitis was approximately 35.97%. After adjustment of covariates, vitamin B [odds ratio (OR) = 0.82, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.72-0.94] and vitamin E (OR = 0.79, 95%CI: 0.69-0.92) were negatively related to the likelihood of developing periodontitis, respectively. The result of three models indicated that, mixture of vitamin A, vitamin B, vitamin B, vitamin B, vitamin B, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E, and vitamin K had a significant negative combined effect on the risk of periodontitis. In the BKMR model, when all remaining vitamins were at their median levels, the periodontitis risk decreased with increased concentration levels of vitamin E and vitamin B. WQS analysis indicated the highest weighted chemical was vitamin E, followed by vitamin B and vitamin D. In the qgcomp model, vitamin E received the highest negative weights for the periodontitis risk, followed by vitamin B and vitamin D, respectively.
CONCLUSION
Both dietary vitamin B and vitamin E were associated with decreased odds of periodontitis. Additionally, the mixture-exposed analyses consistently showed the negative correlations between nine dietary vitamins mixtures and periodontitis.
PubMed: 38650639
DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1347712