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Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2023A 9-year-old, spayed female, mixed-breed dog was initially presented for evaluation of chronic dermatitis on the nasal planum, where a clitoral mass was discovered as an...
A 9-year-old, spayed female, mixed-breed dog was initially presented for evaluation of chronic dermatitis on the nasal planum, where a clitoral mass was discovered as an incidental finding during the exam. No further investigation of the clitoral mass was undertaken due to other significant dermal lesions and the lack of clinical significance of the mass at the time. However, ~1 month later, the dog was presented to the Emergency Service for bleeding from the vulva. The clitoral mass was found to have prolapsed; the mass was manually reduced back into a position within the vulvar folds and maintained with a purse-string suture. The dog was referred to the Theriogenology Service for further investigation and removal. On follow-up evaluation, the mass was noted to be multi-lobulated, ulcerated, cystic, and involving the clitoris but not the urethra. The urethra was easily catheterized, and no urinary abnormalities were found. No evidence of lymph node metastasis or hypercalcemia was noted prior to surgery. Ultrasonographic evaluation of the anal sacs was normal. The mass was removed, and histopathologic evaluation revealed a primary clitoral adenocarcinoma. On recheck evaluation, after 1 month, no evidence of metastasis or local recurrence was observed. Clitoral adenocarcinoma is a rarely reported neoplasm of the canine genital tract that shares many clinical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical features with canine apocrine gland anal sac adenocarcinoma. This case adds to the available knowledge on the condition, specifically regarding the frequency of complications such as hypercalcemia and metastasis, as previous reports suggest that these are present at least 50% of the time.
PubMed: 37841455
DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1264538 -
Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica... Jan 2024Vulva squamous cell carcinoma (VSCC) develops through two separate molecular pathways-one involving high-risk human papilloma virus infection (HPV-associated), and the...
INTRODUCTION
Vulva squamous cell carcinoma (VSCC) develops through two separate molecular pathways-one involving high-risk human papilloma virus infection (HPV-associated), and the other without HPV infection (HPV-independent) often involving TP53 mutation. HPV-associated VSCC generally has a better progression-free survival than HPV-independent VSCC. The aim of this study was to determine TP53 mutation status using immunohistochemistry, compare different methods of HPV detection and correlate both with survival in a retrospective cohort of 123 patients with VSCC.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Immunohistochemistry for p53, Ki67 and p16 (a surrogate marker for HPV infection) was performed on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues from a cohort of surgically treated VSCC patients to identify molecular subtypes of VSCC. Presence of HPV infection was detected by HPV DNA PCR and HPV mRNA in situ hybridization (ISH). The Pearson chi-square test and multivariable Cox regression model were used to investigate the association of different parameters with progression-free survival and disease-specific survival (DSS), and Kaplan-Meier curves were used to show the association of different parameters with survival.
RESULTS
The results of p53 and p16 immunohistochemistry confirmed three VSCC subtypes associated with different prognosis. The TP53 mutation status was identified as an independent prognostic factor of worse progression-free survival (p = 0.024) after adjustment for FIGO stage. p16 immunohistochemistry, mRNA ISH, and DNA PCR had excellent concordance in terms of HPV detection. According to the multivariable Cox regression model, the presence of hrHPV mRNA correlated significantly with increased progression-free survival (p = 0.040) and DSS (p = 0.045), after adjustment for other confounders.
CONCLUSIONS
p53 and p16 immunohistochemistry stratify VSCC cohort into three subtypes with TP53mutated patients having the worst prognosis. The detection of hrHPV mRNA by ISH was an independent predictor of increased survival. Thus, the combined detection of p53 and HPV mRNA might improve risk stratification in VSCC.
Topics: Female; Humans; Prognosis; Human Papillomavirus Viruses; Papillomavirus Infections; Retrospective Studies; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Vulvar Neoplasms; DNA; RNA, Messenger; Vulva; Papillomaviridae
PubMed: 37840151
DOI: 10.1111/aogs.14689 -
Gynecologie, Obstetrique, Fertilite &... Jan 2024Describing the constitution of the FRANCOGYN group (a national French research group in Oncological and Gynecological Surgery) and present its current and future...
OBJECTIVES
Describing the constitution of the FRANCOGYN group (a national French research group in Oncological and Gynecological Surgery) and present its current and future development.
METHODS
Literature review using PUBMed database with the keyword "FRANCOGYN".
OBJECTIVES
Describing the constitution of the FRANCOGYN group (a national French research group in Oncological and Gynecological Surgery) and present its current and future development.
RESULTS
The FRANCOGYN group was formed in December 2015, bringing together over the years more than 17 gynecological and oncological surgical department in France. The group carries out clinical research on gynecological pelvic cancers by constituting retrospective cohorts. Its legitimacy allows it to lead or co-lead the drafting of recommendations for clinical practice in the field of gynecological cancers. It now offers prospective randomized research funded by national grants.
CONCLUSION
The FRANCOGYN network allows us to propose a national reflection on the surgical management of pelvic cancers in women, resulting in numerous international reference publications.
Topics: Female; Humans; Ovarian Neoplasms; Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial; Pelvic Neoplasms; Prospective Studies; Retrospective Studies; France
PubMed: 37839793
DOI: 10.1016/j.gofs.2023.10.005 -
Reproductive Sciences (Thousand Oaks,... Feb 2024The metastasis of a gynecological malignancy to the Bartholin gland is rare. We report the case of a 62-year-old patient who had undergone extensive treatment of...
The metastasis of a gynecological malignancy to the Bartholin gland is rare. We report the case of a 62-year-old patient who had undergone extensive treatment of metastatic ovarian cancer that involved the liver, spleen, and peritoneum. She presented with painful swelling of the left vulva. Clinical and sonographic examinations showed a solid tumor in loco typico of the Bartholin gland. Surgical excision was performed. The patient died 3 months after the diagnosis of this metastasis. We performed a systematic search of PubMed, which yielded 453 entries. We selected those with at least an abstract available in English that described metastatic lesions on the Bartholin gland (n = 5). The review showed that a variety of primary cancers (colorectal, medullary thyroid, breast cancer, and endometrial cancers) metastasize to this location. Some patients showed signs of visceral metastasis. Bartholin gland metastases appeared as initial and metachronous manifestations. Most patients were symptomatic, with painful swelling or abscess. Genetic alterations were mentioned in some cases. The main pathways of metastasis discussed were lymphatic, but the mechanism of such metastasis remains unclear. Surgical resection was the preferred treatment option. The literature review indicated that Bartholin gland metastasis of ovarian cancer is rare and associated with poor prognosis. Oncological reasons for vulvar pathologies should be taken into consideration in patients with metastases.
Topics: Humans; Female; Middle Aged; Bartholin's Glands; Ovarian Neoplasms; Breast Neoplasms; Gynecology
PubMed: 37794197
DOI: 10.1007/s43032-023-01373-y -
Frontiers in Public Health 2023HPV infection is a common risk factor for all anogenital cancers. However, there are important differences in the epidemiology of anogenital cancers and these have not... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
INTRODUCTION
HPV infection is a common risk factor for all anogenital cancers. However, there are important differences in the epidemiology of anogenital cancers and these have not been compared considering diverse epidemiological indicators over a long period of time. To fill this gap, we investigated incidence, mortality, and survival trends of anogenital cancers over a period of three decades.
METHODS
We conducted an observational registry-based study using data from the population-based cancer registry of Granada in southern Spain. We collected data on all incident cases of anogenital cancer (cervical, anal, penile, vulvar, and vaginal cancer) diagnosed between 1985 and 2017. We calculated crude and age-standardized incidence and mortality rates, and 1, 3, and 5-year overall and net survival. We further conducted time-trend analysis calculating annual percent changes (APC) for each cancer site.
RESULTS
The incidence of anogenital cancers decreased slightly during the past 30 years, with the exception of vulvar cancer, where a slight increase was observed. Mortality decreased significantly for cervical cancer over the study period but increased non-significantly for the remaining cancer sites. Survival rates were similar to those reported in comparable countries and increased for cervical and vulvar cancer.
DISCUSSION
Cervical cancer was the greatest contributor to the burden of anogenital cancers and showed a marked improvement in all indicators in comparison to the remaining cancer sites.
Topics: Female; Humans; Human Papillomavirus Viruses; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms; Vulvar Neoplasms; Anus Neoplasms; Papillomavirus Infections
PubMed: 37780447
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1205170 -
The American Journal of Surgical... Dec 2023Compared with vulva, precursor lesions of human papillomavirus (HPV)-independent invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the penis are insufficiently characterized. We...
Compared with vulva, precursor lesions of human papillomavirus (HPV)-independent invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the penis are insufficiently characterized. We analyzed the histologic and immunohistochemical characteristics of 70 peritumoral precursor lesions and correlated them with the histology and mutational profile of the adjacent HPV-negative invasive penile SCC. Atypical basal keratinocyte proliferation with variously elongated epithelial rete with premature squamatiziation, but regular superficial cornification, termed differentiated penile intraepithelial neoplasia (d-PeIN), were identified adjacent to 42/70 (60%) SCC (36/42 keratinizing ( P <0.001); 3 papillary, and 1 each verrucous, clear cell, sarcomatoid SCC). d-PeIN were associated with chronic inflammatory dermatoses (32/42; P <0.001), p53 overexpression (26/42; P <0.001), and hotspot mutations in TP53 (32/42; P <0.001), CDKN2A (26/42; P <0.001) or both (21/42; P =0.003) in the adjacent SCC. Cytoplasmic p16 ink4a overexpression in 5/42 d-PeIN correlated with CDKN2A missense mutations in the adjacent SCC. In all, 21/70 (30%) cornified verrucous or glycogenated verruciform precursors with minimal atypia and wild-type p53 (18/21; P <0.001) occurred adjacent to verrucous or papillary SCC (17/21; P <0.001) and keratinizing (4/21) SCC, which harbored mutations in HRAS and/or PIK3CA (12/21; P <0.004). Undifferentiated p16 ink4a -negative full-thickness precursors were identified in 7/70 (10%) SCC. Four histologically different HPV-independent penile precursor lesions can be assigned to 2 major genetic/biological pathways with characteristic highly differentiated precursors requiring different clinical management decisions. These include d-PeIN in chronic inflammatory dermatoses, with p53 overexpression and TP53/CDKN2A mutations, and the p53 wild-type verrucous and verruciform precursors unassociated with dermatoses, but with mutations in oncogenes PIK3CA and HRAS .
Topics: Male; Female; Humans; Papillomavirus Infections; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; Human Papillomavirus Viruses; Skin Neoplasms; Carcinoma in Situ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Penile Neoplasms; Penis; Papillomaviridae; Class I Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; Vulvar Neoplasms
PubMed: 37768009
DOI: 10.1097/PAS.0000000000002130 -
Clinical Case Reports Sep 2023Angiomyofibroblastoma is a benign soft tissue tumor and a form of genital stromal mesenchymal tumor that primarily affects the vulva. It could possibly affect the...
KEY CLINICAL MESSAGE
Angiomyofibroblastoma is a benign soft tissue tumor and a form of genital stromal mesenchymal tumor that primarily affects the vulva. It could possibly affect the reproductive-aged women's lower genital tract (vagina).
ABSTRACT
Angiomyofibroblastoma is a rare benign soft tissue tumor primarily affecting the vulva in reproductive-aged women. We report a 67-year-old female complaining of a painless mass in her right vulva spreading to the right inguinal region over the past 2 years. The first clinical impression was a canal of Nuck hernia, diagnostic laparoscopy was planned to rule hernia out. The vulvar mass was excised, and a histopathology examination revealed Angiomyofibroblastoma.
PubMed: 37767149
DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.7971 -
Viruses Sep 2023Approximately 40% of vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (vSCC) cases are etiologically associated with high-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs) of the alpha genera (α-HPV)...
Approximately 40% of vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (vSCC) cases are etiologically associated with high-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs) of the alpha genera (α-HPV) that cause other anogenital cancers; however, the etiology of α-HPV-negative vSCC is poorly understood. HPVs of the beta genera (β-HPV) are risk factors for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) and may be related to carcinomas originating in other cutaneous sites such as the vulva. In this study, we investigate the presence of β-HPVs, with an emphasis on p16-negative squamous lesions adjacent to vSCC. We subjected 28 vulvar squamous intraepithelial lesions adjacent to vSCC for comprehensive HPV genotyping, p16 and p53 immunohistochemistry, and consensus morphology review. Selected cases were subjected to qPCR and RNA in situ hybridization. Clinical data were obtained from medical records. β-HPV DNA was detected in eight of ten p16-negative lesions and three of fourteen p16-positive high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions. The HPV DNA loads in vulvar squamous intraepithelial lesions ranged between less than 1 HPV DNA copy per cell to more than 100 HPV DNA copies per cell. This is, to the best of our knowledge, the first report of the association of p16-negative vulvar intraepithelial squamous lesions with detection of β-HPVs. These findings expand possible etiologic mechanisms that may contribute to p16-negative lesions of the vulva.
Topics: Female; Humans; Betapapillomavirus; Papillomavirus Infections; Carcinoma in Situ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Biomarkers, Tumor; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16; Skin Neoplasms; Vulvar Neoplasms; Human Papillomavirus Viruses; Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions; Papillomaviridae
PubMed: 37766356
DOI: 10.3390/v15091950 -
International Journal of Molecular... Sep 2023Whether G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER1) is tumor-promoting or tumor-suppressive depends in part on tumor entity. Little is known about the function of...
Whether G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER1) is tumor-promoting or tumor-suppressive depends in part on tumor entity. Little is known about the function of GPER1 in vulvar carcinoma. In this work, we aim to clarify what role GPER1 plays in vulvar cancer, tumor-promoting or tumor-suppressive. Localization of GPER1 in A431 and CAL-39 vulvar carcinoma cells was examined by immunofluorescence. Using a tissue microarray of vulvar neoplasias, the correlation between GPER1 expression and grade of malignancy was investigated. A431 and CAL-39 cells were treated either with GPER1 agonist G1 or antagonist G36. Proliferation was quantified by BrdU assay and viability examined using Resazurin assay. Morphological changes were analyzed by microscopy and measured using ImageJ. Cell migration was analyzed by gap closure assay. Clonogenic potential was tested by colony and sphere formation. Expression of estrogen receptors was examined by Western blot. GPER1 was found consistently expressed in vulvar neoplasia tissues. The immune-reactive score was found to be significantly higher in tissue samples of lymph node metastases and neoplasias with grade 3. In A431 and CAL-39 vulvar carcinoma cells, GPER1 expression was mainly found in the cytoplasm and nuclei. Treatment of A431 and CAL-39 cells with GPER1 agonist G1 resulted in a decrease in proliferation and migration. In addition, colony formation and tumor sphere formation were reduced. Furthermore, morphological signs of necrosis and reduction in cell viability after G1 treatment were observed. The GPER1 antagonist G36 did not have significant effects on vulvar carcinoma cells. Neither agonist G1 nor antagonist G36 treatment resulted in altered expression of estrogen receptors. Activation of GPER1 with GPER1 agonist G1 reduces the tumorigenic potential of the vulvar carcinoma cells. It can be deduced from this that GPER1 appears to have a tumor-suppressive effect in vulvar carcinoma.
Topics: Female; Humans; Carcinoma; Estrogen Receptor alpha; GTP-Binding Proteins; Receptors, Estrogen; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; Vulvar Neoplasms
PubMed: 37762008
DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813705 -
BMC Women's Health Sep 2023vulvar cancer, once predominantly diagnosed in older women, is increasingly being diagnosed in younger individuals, due to Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Our...
BACKGROUND
vulvar cancer, once predominantly diagnosed in older women, is increasingly being diagnosed in younger individuals, due to Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Our study aimed to describe the epidemiological and histopathological aspects of vulvar cancer in Togo and its associated factors.
METHODS
This was a cross-sectional study, conducted on vulvar cancer cases histologically diagnosed at the Pathological Laboratory of Lomé over a period of 17-years (2005-2021). Parameters investigated included age, occupation, risk factors, sample nature, macroscopic tumor aspects, histological types, therapeutic intervenions, and prognostic outcomes.
RESULTS
A total of 32 cases of vulvar cancer were collected, yieding an annual frequency of 1.88 cases. The average age of the patients was 48±14.12 years with extremes of 27 years and 82 years. Housewives accounted for the largest proportion of cases (37.5%). Among the 32 cases, 27 had identifiable risk factors, with HPV infection being the most prevalentr (33.3%). The ulcero-budding aspect was most frequently observed, and squamous cell carcinoma was the most common histological type, with the majority being well differentiated (89.3%). Statistically significant associations were found between risk factors and histological types, risk factors and degrees of differentiation, as well as between histological types and good differentiation of vulvar cancers. The 3-year survival was estimated at 78.13%.
CONCLUSION
The incidence of vulvar cancer is increasing in Togo, particularly among young, primarily due to HPV infection.
Topics: Humans; Female; Aged; Adult; Middle Aged; Vulvar Neoplasms; Papillomavirus Infections; Togo; Cross-Sectional Studies; Risk Factors; Papillomaviridae
PubMed: 37752494
DOI: 10.1186/s12905-023-02669-6