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Archives of Physical Medicine and... Jun 2024To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to understand the difference in objectively measured physical activities (PA) between children with and without... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to understand the difference in objectively measured physical activities (PA) between children with and without developmental coordination disorder (DCD).
DATA SOURCES
A systematic literature search from four databases (PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, and Cochrane library) was conducted in July 2023.
STUDY SELECTION
Studies that met the following criteria were considered: (1) the studies should classified children with DCD based on DSM-IV, DSM-IV-TR, or DSM-V diagnosis criteria, (2) the studies aimed to evaluate PA using objective measurements and provided the amount of time spent in PA and/or SB, (3) a control group of TD children was recruited, (4) the full-text article was written in English.
DATA EXTRACTION
The following data from all included studies were extracted: the first author's surname and published year, study design, country, total sample size, the measure of PA, the intensity of PA, categories of PA level and main finding(s).
DATA SYNTHESIS
12 articles met the inclusion criteria for the systematic review, 10 of which were further entered into the meta-analysis. Overall mean difference in moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) between two groups was -0.17 (95% CI: -0.25 to -0.09, I = 48.7%, p = 0.029). When subgroup analysis of age was further conducted (i.e., school-aged vs. preschool), a significant pooled effect size with no heterogeneity was found in school-aged children (i.e., 6-14 years old) (standardized mean difference (SMD) = -0.27, 95% CI: -0.38 to -0.16, I = 43.1%, p = 0.08).
CONCLUSIONS
Children with DCD spent significantly less time participating in MVPA, specifically those children aging between 6 and 14 years. These findings help raise the awareness for the parents and physicians toward insufficient participation in PA in children with DCD.
PubMed: 38901628
DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2024.06.002 -
BMC Geriatrics Jun 2024Pedometer-based walking programs hold promise as a health promotion strategy for stroke prevention in community-dwelling older adults, particularly when targeted at... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Effectiveness of pedometer-based walking programmes in improving some modifiable risk factors of stroke among community-dwelling older adults: a systematic review, theoretical synthesis and meta-analysis.
BACKGROUND
Pedometer-based walking programs hold promise as a health promotion strategy for stroke prevention in community-dwelling older adults, particularly when targeted at physical activity-related modifiable risk factors. The question arises: What is the effectiveness of pedometer-based walking program interventions in improving modifiable stroke risk factors among community-dwelling older adults?
METHOD
Eight databases were searched up to December 2, 2023, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis protocol. Inclusion criteria focused on randomized controlled trials (RCTS) involving community-dwelling older adults and reported in English. Two independent reviewers utilized Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) tool to extract data, assess eligibility, evaluate study quality, and identify potential bias. Standardized mean difference (SMD) was employed as summary statistics for primary -physical activity level -and secondary outcomes related to cardiovascular function (blood pressure) and metabolic syndrome, including obesity (measured by body mass index and waist circumference), fasting blood sugar, glycated hemoglobin, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglycerides. A random-effects model was used to generate summary estimates of effects.
RESULTS
The review analyzed eight studies involving 1546 participants aged 60-85 years, with 1348 successfully completing the studies. Across these studies, pedometer-based walking programs were implemented 2-3 times per week, with sessions lasting 40-60 minutes, over a duration of 4-26 weeks. The risk of bias varied from high to moderate. Our narrative synthesis revealed positive trends in HDL-C levels, fasting blood sugar, and glycated hemoglobin, suggesting improved glycemic control and long-term blood sugar management. However, the impact on triglycerides was only marginal. Primary meta-analysis demonstrated significantly improved physical activity behavior (SMD=0.44,95%CI:0.26, 0.61,p=<0.00001;I=0%;4 studies; 532 participants) and systolic blood pressure (SMD=-0.34,95%CI:-0.59,-0.09;p=<0.008;I=65%,2 studies;249 participants), unlike diastolic blood pressure (SMD=0.13,95%CI:-0.13,-0.38,p=0.33; I=91%; 2 studies; 237 participants). Interventions based on social cognitive, self-efficacy, and self-efficiency theory(ies), and social cognitive theory applied in an ecological framework, were linked to successful physical activity behavior outcomes.
CONCLUSION
Pedometer-based walking programs, utilizing interpersonal health behavior theory/ecological framework, enhance physical activity behavior and have antihypertensive effects in community-dwelling older adults. While they do not significantly affect diastolic blood pressure, these programs potentially serve as a primary stroke prevention strategy aligning with global health goals.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
Registration Number: INPLASY202230118.
Topics: Humans; Aged; Walking; Independent Living; Stroke; Risk Factors; Aged, 80 and over; Actigraphy; Health Promotion; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Middle Aged
PubMed: 38872081
DOI: 10.1186/s12877-024-05069-z -
Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) May 2024The interplay of physical activity (PA) with affective well-being (AWB) is highly critical to both health behaviors and health outcomes. Current prominent theories...
BACKGROUND
The interplay of physical activity (PA) with affective well-being (AWB) is highly critical to both health behaviors and health outcomes. Current prominent theories presume AWB to be crucial for PA maintenance, and PA is evidenced to foster mental health. However, thus far, PA-AWB associations have mainly been researched in laboratory settings and with interventional designs, but the everyday life perspective had not been focused on, mostly due to technological limitations. In the course of digitization, the number of studies using device-based methods to research the within-subject association of physical activity and affective well-being (PA-AWB) under ecological valid conditions increased rapidly, but a recent comprehensive systematic review of evidence across populations, age groups, and distinct AWB components remained inconclusive.
OBJECTIVES
Therefore, we aimed to firstly review daily-life studies that assessed intensive longitudinal device-based (e.g., electronic smartphone diaries and accelerometry) and real-time PA-AWB data, secondly to develop and apply a quality assessment tool applicable to those studies, and thirdly to discuss findings and draw implications for research and practice.
METHODS
To this end, the literature was searched in three databases (Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus) up to November 2022. The systematic review followed the PRISMA guidelines and had been pre-registered (PROSPERO id: CRD42021277327). A modified quality assessment tool was developed to illustrate the risk of bias of included studies.
RESULTS
The review of findings showed that, in general, already short PA bouts in everyday life, which clearly differ from structured exercise sessions, are positively associated with AWB. In particular, feelings of energy relate to incidental (non-exercise and unstructured) activity, and PA-AWB associations depend on population characteristics. The quality assessment revealed overall moderate study quality; however, the methods applied were largely heterogeneous between investigations. Overall, the reviewed evidence on PA-AWB associations in everyday life is ambiguous; for example, no clear patterns of directions and strengths of PA-AWB relationships depending on PA and AWB components (such as intensity, emotions, affect, mood) emerged.
CONCLUSIONS
The reviewed evidence can fuel discussions on whether the World Health Organization's notion "every move counts" may be extended to everyday life AWB. Concurrently, the PA-AWB relationship findings endorse prominent theories highlighting the critical role of AWB in everyday PA engagement and maintenance. However, the review also clearly highlights the need to advance and harmonize methodological approaches for more fine-grained investigations on which specific PA/AWB characteristics, contextual factors, and biological determinants underly PA-AWB associations in everyday life. This will enable the field to tackle pressing challenges such as the issue of causality of PA-AWB associations, which will help to shape and refine existing theories to ultimately predict and improve health behavior, thereby feeding into precision medicine approaches.
PubMed: 38705972
DOI: 10.1007/s40279-024-02016-1 -
Ginekologia Polska Mar 2024Urinary incontinence is pelvic floor muscles dysfunction, most often caused by a weakening of their strength. There are no guidelines on how to evaluate pelvic floor...
OBJECTIVES
Urinary incontinence is pelvic floor muscles dysfunction, most often caused by a weakening of their strength. There are no guidelines on how to evaluate pelvic floor muscle function. Palpation is the most popular method of assessing pelvic floor muscle function, but it is subjective. The aim of the study was to review the objective methods used in the assessment of pelvic floor muscle function in women with urinary incontinence.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
A systematic literature review of the PubMed database was performed using the following keywords: ["Pelvic Floor" (mh)] AND [("Pelvic Floor Disorders" (mh)] OR ["Urinary Incontinence" (mh)]. The search was limited to English-language works published from 2011 to 2021. The inclusion criteria were interventional studies in which the pelvic floor muscle function of women with urinary incontinence was assessed using quantitative tools. Methods that cannot be used in the clinic were excluded from the analysis.
RESULTS
Fifty-two articles were included in the analysis and five methods assessing the function of pelvic floor muscle were distinguished: manometry, electromyography (EMG), ultrasonography (USG), dynamometry, accelerometry.
CONCLUSIONS
Manometry, EMG and USG are the most common objective methods of assessing pelvic floor muscle function. When taking measurements, it is important to choose the right position of the patient. The use of objective tools to assess the function of the pelvic floor muscle and obtaining quantitative and/or qualitative data allows us to precisely diagnose and monitor the treatment and rehabilitation progress.
PubMed: 38506479
DOI: 10.5603/gpl.90873 -
Sleep Medicine Clinics Dec 2023This scoping review aimed to synthesize evidence on sleep disturbances in female shift workers. The update Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and... (Review)
Review
This scoping review aimed to synthesize evidence on sleep disturbances in female shift workers. The update Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews was used. Twelve studies were included, four of which used actigraphy to assess sleep duration, efficiency, and latency. Seven studies evaluated the quality of sleep and three verified the sleepiness of women. This review adds to the body of evidence as the findings are homogeneous and allow a robust conclusion, suggesting that night shift work may be a potential factor for adverse effects on sleep of female shift workers.
Topics: Humans; Female; Shift Work Schedule; Sleep; Sleep Wake Disorders; Wakefulness; Actigraphy
PubMed: 38501525
DOI: 10.1016/j.jsmc.2023.06.016 -
PeerJ 2024Disrupted circadian rhythm commonly reported in cancer survivors is closely associated with cancer related fatigue, sleep disturbances and compromised quality of life.... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Disrupted circadian rhythm commonly reported in cancer survivors is closely associated with cancer related fatigue, sleep disturbances and compromised quality of life. As more cancer survivors request non-pharmacological treatment strategies for the management of their chronic sleep-related symptoms, there is a need for meta-analyses of various interventions such as exercise on sleep and circadian rhythm disturbances.
METHODS
A search for RCT's was conducted in April 2020 and updated in July 2023 using relevant keywords for cancer, sleep, circadian rhythm and exercise interventions on PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, PEDro and CINAHL.
RESULTS
Thirty-six studies were included for qualitative analysis and 26, for meta-analysis. Thirty-five studies analyzed sleep outcomes, while five analyzed circadian rhythm. RCT's studying the effect of aerobic exercise, resistance exercise, combined aerobic and resistance exercise, physical activity, yoga, or tai chi were included. Meta-analysis results showed significant exercise-related improvements on sleep quality assessed by Pittsburgh Sleep Quality index (PSQI) (SMD = -0.50 [-0.87, -0.13], = 0.008), wake after sleep onset (WASO) (SMD = -0.29 [-0.53, -0.05], = 0.02) and circadian rhythm, assessed by salivary cortisol levels (MD = -0.09 (95% CI [-0.13 to -0.06]) mg/dL, < 0.001). Results of the meta-analysis indicated that exercise had no significant effect on sleep efficiency, sleep onset latency, total sleep time and circadian rhythm assessed by accelerometry values.
CONCLUSION
While some sleep and circadian rhythm outcomes (PSQI, WASO and salivary cortisol) exhibited significant improvements, it is still somewhat unclear what exercise prescriptions would optimize different sleep and circadian rhythm outcomes across a variety of groups of cancer survivors.
IMPLICATION
As exercise does not exacerbate cancer-related circadian rhythm and sleep disturbances, and may actually produce some significant benefits, this meta-analysis provides further evidence for cancer survivors to perform regular exercise.
Topics: Humans; Cancer Survivors; Quality of Life; Hydrocortisone; Sleep; Neoplasms; Circadian Rhythm
PubMed: 38468641
DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17053 -
Sports (Basel, Switzerland) Jan 2024Sedentary behavior and inadequate energy expenditure are serious global public health concerns among youngsters. The exponential growth in technology emerges as a... (Review)
Review
Sedentary behavior and inadequate energy expenditure are serious global public health concerns among youngsters. The exponential growth in technology emerges as a valuable opportunity to foster physical activity, particularly through active video games. We performed a systematic review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines in PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Scopus to provide a comprehensive view of the literature on energy expenditure levels among adolescents while playing active video games. Among the 574 manuscripts identified at the first screening stage, 23 were retained for analysis. Ten studies were characterized by longitudinal and thirteen by cross-sectional designs. The results showed that short-term active video games elicited energy expenditure values comparable to moderate-intensity physical activity (3-6 METs). However, in intervention programs (with at least six weeks) the results indicate no significant effects of active video games on youngsters' energy expenditure levels and physical activity profiles between baseline and follow-up assessments. Overall, active video games based on sports and dance were the most used, and boys tended to achieve higher energy expenditure than girls. The diversity of methods implemented limits comparing results and drawing generalized conclusions. However, considering its attractiveness to youth, active video games might emerge as a complementary tool to traditional physical activities promoted in schools and local communities. Details regarding gender differences and contradictory results of longitudinal approaches should be considered in future research based on standardized methods.
PubMed: 38393259
DOI: 10.3390/sports12020039 -
Neurosurgical Review Feb 2024Tremor, bradykinesia, and rigidity are incapacitating motor symptoms that can be suppressed with stereotactic neurosurgical treatment like deep brain stimulation (DBS)...
Tremor, bradykinesia, and rigidity are incapacitating motor symptoms that can be suppressed with stereotactic neurosurgical treatment like deep brain stimulation (DBS) and ablative surgery (e.g., thalamotomy, pallidotomy). Traditionally, clinicians rely on clinical rating scales for intraoperative evaluation of these motor symptoms during awake stereotactic neurosurgery. However, these clinical scales have a relatively high inter-rater variability and rely on experienced raters. Therefore, objective registration (e.g., using movement sensors) is a reasonable extension for intraoperative assessment of tremor, bradykinesia, and rigidity. The main goal of this scoping review is to provide an overview of electronic motor measurements during awake stereotactic neurosurgery. The protocol was based on the PRISMA extension for scoping reviews. After a systematic database search (PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science), articles were screened for relevance. Hundred-and-three articles were subject to detailed screening. Key clinical and technical information was extracted. The inclusion criteria encompassed use of electronic motor measurements during stereotactic neurosurgery performed under local anesthesia. Twenty-three articles were included. These studies had various objectives, including correlating sensor-based outcome measures to clinical scores, identifying optimal DBS electrode positions, and translating clinical assessments to objective assessments. The studies were highly heterogeneous in device choice, sensor location, measurement protocol, design, outcome measures, and data analysis. This review shows that intraoperative quantification of motor symptoms is still limited by variable signal analysis techniques and lacking standardized measurement protocols. However, electronic motor measurements can complement visual evaluations and provide objective confirmation of correct placement of the DBS electrode and/or lesioning. On the long term, this might benefit patient outcomes and provide reliable outcome measures in scientific research.
Topics: Humans; Deep Brain Stimulation; Hypokinesia; Treatment Outcome; Tremor; Wakefulness; Neurosurgical Procedures
PubMed: 38355824
DOI: 10.1007/s10143-024-02312-4 -
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Jan 2024Over recent decades, wearable inertial sensors have become popular means to quantify physical activity and mobility. However, research assessing measurement accuracy and... (Review)
Review
Over recent decades, wearable inertial sensors have become popular means to quantify physical activity and mobility. However, research assessing measurement accuracy and precision is required, especially before using device-based measures as outcomes in trials. The GT9X Link is a recent activity monitor available from ActiGraph, recognized as a "gold standard" and previously used as a criterion measure to assess the validity of various consumer-based activity monitors. However, the validity of the ActiGraph GT9X Link is not fully elucidated. A systematic review was undertaken to synthesize the current evidence for the criterion validity of the ActiGraph GT9X Link in measuring steps and energy expenditure. This review followed the PRISMA guidelines and eight studies were included with a combined sample size of 558 participants. We found that (1) the ActiGraph GT9X Link generally underestimates steps; (2) the validity and accuracy of the device in measuring steps seem to be influenced by gait speed, device placement, filtering process, and monitoring conditions; and (3) there is a lack of evidence regarding the accuracy of step counting in free-living conditions and regarding energy expenditure estimation. Given the limited number of included studies and their heterogeneity, the present review emphasizes the need for further validation studies of the ActiGraph GT9X Link in various populations and in both controlled and free-living settings.
Topics: Humans; Accelerometry; Exercise; Fitness Trackers; Energy Metabolism; Walking Speed
PubMed: 38339541
DOI: 10.3390/s24030825 -
International Journal of Exercise... 2023The purpose of this meta-analysis was to quantify the difference in physical activity and sleep estimates assessed via 1) movement, 2) heart rate (HR), or 3) the... (Review)
Review
The purpose of this meta-analysis was to quantify the difference in physical activity and sleep estimates assessed via 1) movement, 2) heart rate (HR), or 3) the combination of movement and HR (MOVE+HR) compared to criterion indicators of the outcomes. Searches in four electronic databases were executed September 21-24 of 2021. Weighted mean was calculated from standardized group-level estimates of mean percent error (MPE) and mean absolute percent error (MAPE) of the proxy signal compared to the criterion measurement method for physical activity, HR, or sleep. Standardized mean difference (SMD) effect sizes between the proxy and criterion estimates were calculated for each study across all outcomes, and meta-regression analyses were conducted. Two-One-Sided-Tests method were conducted to metaanalytically evaluate the equivalence of the proxy and criterion. Thirty-nine studies (physical activity = 29 and sleep = 10) were identified for data extraction. Sample size weighted means for MPE were -38.0%, 7.8%, -1.4%, and -0.6% for physical activity movement only, HR only, MOVE+HR, and sleep MOVE+HR, respectively. Sample size weighted means for MAPE were 41.4%, 32.6%, 13.3%, and 10.8% for physical activity movement only, HR only, MOVE+HR, and sleep MOVE+HR, respectively. Few estimates were statistically equivalent at a SMD of 0.8. Estimates of physical activity from MOVE+HR were not statistically significantly different from estimates based on movement or HR only. For sleep, included studies based their estimates solely on the combination of MOVE+HR, so it was impossible to determine if the combination produced significantly different estimates than either method alone.
PubMed: 38287938
DOI: No ID Found