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Supportive Care in Cancer : Official... May 2024To identify and synthesise interactive digital tools used to support the empowerment of people with cancer and the outcomes of these tools. (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
To identify and synthesise interactive digital tools used to support the empowerment of people with cancer and the outcomes of these tools.
METHODS
A systematic literature review was conducted using PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, Cochrane, Eric, Scopus, and PsycINFO databases in May 2023. Inclusion criteria were patient empowerment as an outcome supported by interactive digital tools expressed in study goal, methods or results, peer-reviewed studies published since 2010 in cancer care. Narrative synthesis was applied, and the quality of the studies was assessed following Joanna Briggs Institute checklists.
RESULTS
Out of 1571 records screened, 39 studies published in 2011-2022 with RCT (17), single-arm trial (15), quasi-experimental (1), and qualitative designs (6) were included. A total of 30 interactive digital tools were identified to support empowerment (4) and related aspects, such as self-management (2), coping (4), patient activation (9), and self-efficacy (19). Significant positive effects were found on empowerment (1), self-management (1), coping (1), patient activation (2), and self-efficacy (10). Patient experiences were positive. Interactivity occurred with the tool itself (22), peers (7), or nurses (7), physicians (2), psychologists, (2) or social workers (1).
CONCLUSION
Interactive digital tools have been developed extensively in recent years, varying in terms of content and methodology, favouring feasibility and pilot designs. In all of the tools, people with cancer are either active or recipients of information. The research evidence indicates positive outcomes for patient empowerment through interactive digital tools. Thus, even though promising, there still is need for further testing of the tools.
Topics: Humans; Neoplasms; Empowerment; Self Efficacy; Adaptation, Psychological; Patient Participation; Self-Management
PubMed: 38816629
DOI: 10.1007/s00520-024-08545-9 -
Archives of Physical Medicine and... May 2024To (1) examine the effects of home-based balance training on balance and mobility outcomes; (2) evaluate comparable effects between home- and center-based balance... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
To (1) examine the effects of home-based balance training on balance and mobility outcomes; (2) evaluate comparable effects between home- and center-based balance training; (3) determine the effects of different levels of supervision on treatment effects; and (4) investigate dose-response relationships of home-based balance training on balance and mobility performance in persons with multiple sclerosis (MS).
DATA SOURCES
Literature searches were conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, SPORTSDiscus, and CINAHL in April 2023. Other literature sources included website and citation searches.
STUDY SELECTION
The study included randomized controlled trials of home-based balance training that included balance and mobility outcomes in persons with MS.
DATA EXTRACTION
Data extracted from each study included (1) number of participants; (2) dropout rate; (3) sex; (4) MS phenotype; (5) age; (6) Expanded Disability Status Scale (range); (7) exercise dose; (8) level of supervision; (9) type of intervention; (10) exercise progression; (11) type of control; and (12) outcomes measures. For the meta-analysis, mean and SD of the balance and mobility outcomes in both the intervention and control groups were used. The methodological quality of included studies was evaluated by Tool for the Assessment of Study Quality and Reporting in Exercise.
DATA SYNTHESIS
Eleven studies were identified in this systematic review and meta-analysis. Each balance and mobility outcome was standardized using Hedges' g.
CONCLUSIONS
This meta-analysis revealed comparable results between home- and center-based balance training in terms of balance and mobility improvement. There was also no evidence for the superiority of home-based balance training over no training except for static steady-state balance. This study revealed that training sessions (>36 sessions) and total exercise time (>1100min) were significant moderators for overall balance improvements. Results also indicated that, when designing future interventions, at least an indirect level of supervision (eg, weekly or biweekly phone/video calls) is warranted to maintain adherence.
PubMed: 38810817
DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2024.05.019 -
European Journal of Oncology Nursing :... Jun 2024To identify intervention strategies for improving illness perception (IP) of cancer patients and/or family caregivers; and to examine the effects of IP interventions by... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
PURPOSES
To identify intervention strategies for improving illness perception (IP) of cancer patients and/or family caregivers; and to examine the effects of IP interventions by meta-analysis.
METHODS
A systematic search was performed to identify literature that focused on improving the IP of cancer patients and/or family caregivers from the establishment of eight databases to August 2023. Manual screening was also applied. The IP intervention strategies for cancer populations were synthesized basing the CSM. Meta-analysis was conducted to assess the effects of IP interventions on health outcomes. Multiple subgroup analyses of the same intervention conditions were conducted to explore the optimal IP-focused intervention.
RESULTS
18 studies were included. 11 studies were conducted in a meta-analysis. No studies on family caregivers' IP were identified. Compared to general care, subgroup analysis revealed that IP interventions had favorable effects on cancer patients' IP as well as quality of life and other outcomes. Six IP intervention strategies (information support, cognitive reframing, emotion adjustment, active coping, effective appraisal, and self-social identification) were generated. Meta-analysis showed that compared with theory-less studies (Z = 8.64, p < 0.01) and single delivery formats (Z = 3.66, p < 0.01), the theory-based interventions (Z = 10.86, p < 0.01) and mixed delivery formats (Z = 7.15, p < 0.01) had higher positive effects on IP outcomes.
CONCLUSIONS
The positive outcomes of IP intervention focusing on cancer patients were highlighted. IP traits and patients' and their caregivers' needs in coping with specific cancer types should be explored before the intervention design. More IP interventions targeting cancer dyads are warranted to develop in the future.
Topics: Humans; Neoplasms; Caregivers; Adaptation, Psychological; Quality of Life; Perception
PubMed: 38810586
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejon.2024.102599 -
BMC Psychology May 2024This review seeks to examine the current state of postpartum social support and psychosocial conditions among women around the world, as well as explore the relationship...
PURPOSE
This review seeks to examine the current state of postpartum social support and psychosocial conditions among women around the world, as well as explore the relationship between these factors. Additionally, it aims to propose a logical framework for enhancing postpartum social support and psychosocial conditions in this population.
METHODS
Following the development of a search strategy, two databases, PubMed and Science Direct, were searched for studies published between January 2019 and May 2023. The search was conducted throughout the entire month of May 2023. The risk of bias in the included cross-sectional studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale, which was adapted for this specific study design. To determine if the main objective of the cross-sectional studies was to investigate the relationship between social support and postpartum psychosocial conditions, a review was conducted based on the AMSTAR checklist, PRISMA checklist and PRISMA flow diagram. Data extraction was performed with the consensus of two authors, and a narrative synthesis approach was chosen for data synthesis, following the guidelines provided by the Centre for Reviews and Dissemination (CRD).
RESULTS
Eleven cross-sectional studies were included in the final analysis. Our findings revealed that all reviewed studies provided evidence of a positive association between social support and healthy psychosocial conditions in postpartum period. However, due to the absence of standardized measurement indicators to identify and compare the outcomes of various studies, there was a need to develop a conceptual framework that could enhance our understanding of the postpartum psychosocial condition including anxiety, depression, unfavorable quality of life and social support status up to 24 month after child birth. This framework aimed to incorporate childbirth and motherhood as "stressful events," while considering social support as a crucial "coping resource." Furthermore, it acknowledged empowerment, help-seeking behavior, and peer support as important "coping actions," alongside implementing client-centered interventions. Lastly, it recognized postpartum mental health and optimal quality of life as significant "effects" of these factors.
CONCLUSIONS
The proposed conceptual framework could define postpartum women's health as "the ability to adapt and self-manage."
Topics: Humans; Social Support; Female; Postpartum Period; Adaptation, Psychological; Depression, Postpartum; Cross-Sectional Studies; Pregnancy
PubMed: 38807228
DOI: 10.1186/s40359-024-01814-6 -
Journal of the American Medical... Jul 2024Based on life-course theory, adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have emerged as risk factors for health in later life. This study aimed to explore the association... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
Based on life-course theory, adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have emerged as risk factors for health in later life. This study aimed to explore the association between ACEs and frailty.
DESIGN
Systematic review.
SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS
Frail older adults who have experienced ACEs.
METHODS
We searched 7 databases: PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, PsycINFO, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). The last searched date was October 27, 2023. Included studies should have investigated the association between exposure to at least 1 ACE and frailty. Two researchers independently assessed the risk of bias in the included studies using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) and an adapted version of the NOS scale and also extracted relevant characteristics and outcomes of the included studies.
RESULTS
A total of 14 studies were finally included. Consistent associations with increased risk of frailty were only shown in studies that assessed family members with mental illness, low neighborhood quality, emotional abuse, sexual abuse, and combinations of ACEs. In addition, women exposed to ACEs were more likely to be at risk for frailty than men, and greater numbers or types of exposure to ACEs were associated with higher odds of frailty. The results of the quality assessment showed a moderate risk of bias in half of the studies.
CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS
This study summarizes for the first time the evidence for an association between ACEs and frailty. Considered collectively, increased attention to ACEs may be one way to prevent frailty, and unhealthy lifestyles resulting from ACEs may serve as a breakthrough in developing interventions.
Topics: Humans; Adverse Childhood Experiences; Aged; Female; Male; Frail Elderly; Frailty; Aged, 80 and over; Risk Factors
PubMed: 38796164
DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2024.105042 -
Rehabilitacion 2024The objective was to perform a systematic review of those performance outcomes (HRD) tools that assess sensitivity in post-stroke subjects, as well as to know which of... (Review)
Review
The objective was to perform a systematic review of those performance outcomes (HRD) tools that assess sensitivity in post-stroke subjects, as well as to know which of all is the most reliable and viable. The design was a systematic review. The following were included: HRD, developed in post-stroke subjects, of any etiology and period of evolution; 18 years of age or older and testing for sensitivity; results on psychometric properties. Excluded: self-reported results, the report of cross-cultural adaptation, designed through computerized means. 19 HRD were acquired. The psychometric properties analyzed were reliability, internal consistency, measurement error, construct validity, content validity, and sensitivity to change, the first being the most studied. Psychometric properties were identified, assessed, compared, and summarized. Of all of them, we recommend the use of the modified Erasmus Nottingham Sensory Assessment, as it presents the best degree of confidence in the evidence.
Topics: Humans; Psychometrics; Stroke; Stroke Rehabilitation; Reproducibility of Results; Outcome Assessment, Health Care; Sensitivity and Specificity
PubMed: 38795503
DOI: 10.1016/j.rh.2024.100855 -
AIDS (London, England) May 2024To identify studies promoting the use of artificial intelligence (AI) or automation with HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) care and explore ways for AI to be used in...
OBJECTIVES
To identify studies promoting the use of artificial intelligence (AI) or automation with HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) care and explore ways for AI to be used in PrEP interventions.
DESIGN
Systematic review.
METHODS
We searched in the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Research Synthesis database through November 2023 PROSPERO (CRD42023458870). We included studies published in English that reported using AI or automation in PrEP interventions. Two reviewers independently reviewed the full text and extracted data by using standard forms. Risk of bias was assessed using either the revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials for randomized controlled trials or an adapted Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale for non-randomized studies.
RESULTS
Our search identified 12 intervention studies (i.e., interventions that used AI/automation to improve PrEP care). Currently available intervention studies showed AI/automation interventions were acceptable and feasible in PrEP care while improving PrEP-related outcomes (i.e., knowledge, uptake, adherence, discussion with care providers). These interventions have used AI/automation to reduce workload (e.g., directly observed therapy) and helped non-HIV specialists prescribe PrEP with AI-generated clinical decision-support. Automated tools can also be developed with limited budget and staff experience.
CONCLUSIONS
AI and automation have high potential to improve PrEP care. Despite limitations of included studies (e.g., the small sample sizes and lack of rigorous study design), our review suggests that by using aspects of AI and automation appropriately and wisely, these technologies may accelerate PrEP use and reduce HIV infection.
PubMed: 38788206
DOI: 10.1097/QAD.0000000000003935 -
Journal of Strength and Conditioning... Jun 2024Borszcz, FK, de Aguiar, RA, Costa, VP, Denadai, BS, and de Lucas, RD. Agreement between maximal lactate steady state and critical power in different sports: A systematic... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Borszcz, FK, de Aguiar, RA, Costa, VP, Denadai, BS, and de Lucas, RD. Agreement between maximal lactate steady state and critical power in different sports: A systematic review and Bayesian's meta-regression. J Strength Cond Res 38(6): e320-e339, 2024-This study aimed to systematically review the literature and perform a meta-regression to determine the level of agreement between maximal lactate steady state (MLSS) and critical power (CP). Considered eligible to include were peer-reviewed and "gray literature" studies in English, Spanish, and Portuguese languages in cyclical exercises. The last search was made on March 24, 2022, on PubMed, ScienceDirect, SciELO, and Google Scholar. The study's quality was evaluated using 4 criteria adapted from the COSMIN tool. The level of agreement was examined by 2 separate meta-regressions modeled under Bayesian's methods, the first for the mean differences and the second for the SD of differences. The searches yielded 455 studies, of which 36 studies were included. Quality scale revealed detailed methods and small samples used and that some studies lacked inclusion/exclusion criteria reporting. For MLSS and CP comparison, likely (i.e., coefficients with high probabilities) covariates that change the mean difference were the MLSS time frame and delta criteria of blood lactate concentration, MLSS number and duration of pauses, CP longest predictive trial duration, CP type of predictive trials, CP model fitting parameters, and exercise modality. Covariates for SD of the differences were the subject's maximal oxygen uptake, CP's longest predictive trial duration, and exercise modality. Traditional MLSS protocol and CP from 2- to 15-minute trials do not reflect equivalent exercise intensity levels; the proximity between MLSS and CP measures can differ depending on test design, and both MLSS and CP have inherent limitations. Therefore, comparisons between them should always consider these aspects.
Topics: Humans; Bayes Theorem; Lactic Acid; Athletic Performance; Sports; Muscle Strength
PubMed: 38781475
DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000004772 -
Drug and Alcohol Dependence Reports Jun 2024Instruments to measure substance use stigma are emerging, however little is known regarding their psychometric properties. While research has evolved to view substance... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Instruments to measure substance use stigma are emerging, however little is known regarding their psychometric properties. While research has evolved to view substance use stigma as a context sensitive international phenomenon that is embedded within cultures, validated self-report measures are lacking and comprehensive reviews of the existing measures are extremely limited. In this systematic review of substance use stigma and shame measures, we aim to contextualize results from existing research, lay the groundwork for future measurement development research, and provide a thorough resource for research scientists currently designing studies to measure substance use stigma.
METHODS
We searched three databases using Boolean search terms for psychometric evaluations of measures of substance use stigma and shame and evaluated the quality/psychometric properties using an adaptation of the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) systematic review guidelines.
RESULTS
We identified 18 measures of substance use stigma. Overall, most measures had minimal psychometric assessments and none of the measures met all domains of the COSMIN measure quality criteria. However, most studies reported satisfactory factor analyses and internal consistency scores.
CONCLUSIONS
Most measures of substance use stigma and shame had psychometric assessment across a limited range of criteria and no measures of structural substance use stigma were found. The most reported psychometric properties were structural validity and convergent validity. We suggest future researchers investigate test-retest reliability and cross-cultural validity for existing substance use stigma measures, as well as develop and evaluate novel measures assessing structural stigma of substance use.
PubMed: 38779475
DOI: 10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100237 -
Journal of Medical Internet Research May 2024In recent years, there has been an upwelling of artificial intelligence (AI) studies in the health care literature. During this period, there has been an increasing... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
In recent years, there has been an upwelling of artificial intelligence (AI) studies in the health care literature. During this period, there has been an increasing number of proposed standards to evaluate the quality of health care AI studies.
OBJECTIVE
This rapid umbrella review examines the use of AI quality standards in a sample of health care AI systematic review articles published over a 36-month period.
METHODS
We used a modified version of the Joanna Briggs Institute umbrella review method. Our rapid approach was informed by the practical guide by Tricco and colleagues for conducting rapid reviews. Our search was focused on the MEDLINE database supplemented with Google Scholar. The inclusion criteria were English-language systematic reviews regardless of review type, with mention of AI and health in the abstract, published during a 36-month period. For the synthesis, we summarized the AI quality standards used and issues noted in these reviews drawing on a set of published health care AI standards, harmonized the terms used, and offered guidance to improve the quality of future health care AI studies.
RESULTS
We selected 33 review articles published between 2020 and 2022 in our synthesis. The reviews covered a wide range of objectives, topics, settings, designs, and results. Over 60 AI approaches across different domains were identified with varying levels of detail spanning different AI life cycle stages, making comparisons difficult. Health care AI quality standards were applied in only 39% (13/33) of the reviews and in 14% (25/178) of the original studies from the reviews examined, mostly to appraise their methodological or reporting quality. Only a handful mentioned the transparency, explainability, trustworthiness, ethics, and privacy aspects. A total of 23 AI quality standard-related issues were identified in the reviews. There was a recognized need to standardize the planning, conduct, and reporting of health care AI studies and address their broader societal, ethical, and regulatory implications.
CONCLUSIONS
Despite the growing number of AI standards to assess the quality of health care AI studies, they are seldom applied in practice. With increasing desire to adopt AI in different health topics, domains, and settings, practitioners and researchers must stay abreast of and adapt to the evolving landscape of health care AI quality standards and apply these standards to improve the quality of their AI studies.
Topics: Artificial Intelligence; Humans; Delivery of Health Care; Quality of Health Care
PubMed: 38776538
DOI: 10.2196/54705