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BMC Public Health Jun 2024Although physical activity (PA) is associated with significant health benefits, only a small percentage of adolescents meet recommended PA levels. This systematic review... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
DE-PASS best evidence statement (BESt): determinants of adolescents' device-based physical activity and sedentary behaviour in settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
BACKGROUND
Although physical activity (PA) is associated with significant health benefits, only a small percentage of adolescents meet recommended PA levels. This systematic review with meta-analysis explored the modifiable determinants of adolescents' device-based PA and/or sedentary behaviour (SB), evaluated in previous interventions and examined the associations between PA/SB and these determinants in settings.
METHODS
A search was conducted on five electronic databases, including papers published from January 2010 to July 2023. Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) or Controlled Trials (CTs) measuring adolescents' device-based PA/SB and their modifiable determinants at least at two time points: pre- and post-intervention were considered eligible. PA/SB and determinants were the main outcomes. Modifiable determinants were classified after data extraction adopting the social-ecological perspective. Robust Bayesian meta-analyses (RoBMA) were performed per each study setting. Outcomes identified in only one study were presented narratively. The risk of bias for each study and the certainty of the evidence for each meta-analysis were evaluated. The publication bias was also checked.
PROSPERO ID
CRD42021282874.
RESULTS
Fourteen RCTs (eight in school, three in school and family, and one in the family setting) and one CT (in the school setting) were included. Fifty-four modifiable determinants were identified and were combined into 33 broader determinants (21 individual-psychological, four individual-behavioural, seven interpersonal, and one institutional). RoBMAs revealed none or negligible pooled intervention effects on PA/SB or determinants in all settings. The certainty of the evidence of the impact of interventions on outcomes ranged from very low to low. Narratively, intervention effects in favour of the experimental group were detected in school setting for the determinants: knowledge of the environment for practicing PA, d = 1.84, 95%CI (1.48, 2.20), behaviour change techniques, d = 0.90, 95%CI (0.09, 1.70), choice provided, d = 0.70, 95%CI (0.36, 1.03), but no corresponding effects on PA or SB were found.
CONCLUSIONS
Weak to minimal evidence regarding the associations between the identified modifiable determinants and adolescents' device-based PA/SB in settings were found, probably due to intervention ineffectiveness. Well-designed and well-implemented multicomponent interventions should further explore the variety of modifiable determinants of adolescents' PA/SB, including policy and environmental variables.
Topics: Humans; Sedentary Behavior; Adolescent; Exercise; Adolescent Behavior; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 38926707
DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-19136-y -
Ageing Research Reviews Jun 2024Exposure to pesticides is a risk factor for various diseases, yet its association with biological aging remains unclear. We aimed to systematically investigate the... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
Exposure to pesticides is a risk factor for various diseases, yet its association with biological aging remains unclear. We aimed to systematically investigate the relationship between pesticide exposure and biological aging.
METHODS
PubMed, Embase and Web of Science were searched from inception to August 2023. Observational studies investigating the association between pesticide exposure and biomarkers of biological aging were included. Three-level random-effect meta-analysis was used to synthesize the data. Risk of bias was assessed by the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.
RESULTS
Twenty studies evaluating the associations between pesticide exposure and biomarkers of biological aging in 10,368 individuals were included. Sixteen reported telomere length and four reported epigenetic clocks. Meta-analysis showed no statistically significant associations between pesticide exposure and the Hannum clock (pooled β = 0.27; 95%CI: -0.25, 0.79), or telomere length (pooled Hedges'g = -0.46; 95%CI: -1.10, 0.19). However, the opposite direction of effect for the two outcomes showed an indication of possible accelerated biological aging. After removal of influential effect sizes or low-quality studies, shorter telomere length was found in higher-exposed populations.
CONCLUSION
The existing evidence for associations between pesticide exposure and biological aging is limited due to the scarcity of studies on epigenetic clocks and the substantial heterogeneity across studies examining telomere length. High-quality studies incorporating more biomarkers of biological aging, focusing more on active chemical ingredients of pesticides and accounting for potential confounders are needed to enhance our understanding of the impact of pesticides on biological aging.
PubMed: 38925480
DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102390 -
Journal of Functional Morphology and... Jun 2024This review aims to reveal the effectiveness of myofunctional speech therapy on facial rejuvenation and/or improvement of orofacial function. A systematic review of four... (Review)
Review
This review aims to reveal the effectiveness of myofunctional speech therapy on facial rejuvenation and/or improvement of orofacial function. A systematic review of four medical electronic databases (Medline, Google Scholar, SciELO, and LILACS) was conducted between January and March 2023. The research question was defined using the PICO model: Population (P): adult subjects with signs of physiological aging of facial skin. Intervention (I): aesthetic speech therapy (facial exercises and/or myofunctional therapy). Control (C): absence of treatment. Outcome (O): facial rejuvenation. Through the search process, a total of 472 potentially relevant articles were identified. A total of 21 studies were included in the review. Most of the studies required the participants to perform exercises learned during the weekly session on a daily basis. The subjects underwent an integrated treatment with facial exercises and worked on the stomatognathic functions for different durations. Many differences were found in the evaluation tools used to investigate the starting situation and the effects obtained following the treatment. At the diagnostic level, there was no concordance in the choice of the most appropriate scales and assessment tools, but great heterogeneity was observed. Indeed, forty-eight percent of the studies collected objective data through the use of various instruments (oral devices, electromyographs, cutometers, muscle ultrasound scans, and laser scans of the face). The observed improvements included not only a reduction in wrinkles and frown lines but also decreased muscle tension and slackness, enhanced facial symmetry and lip competence, improved skin elasticity, and restored stomatognathic function. These changes led to myofunctional restoration and facial rejuvenation, resulting in increased satisfaction with self-image and proprioception.
PubMed: 38921635
DOI: 10.3390/jfmk9020099 -
Geriatrics (Basel, Switzerland) May 2024Addressing informal caregivers' needs is essential for ensuring quality healthcare and promoting citizen-centred care. This systematic review assessed current knowledge... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Addressing informal caregivers' needs is essential for ensuring quality healthcare and promoting citizen-centred care. This systematic review assessed current knowledge about programmes aimed at meeting the needs of informal caregivers of adults who are dependent on others for daily life activities.
METHODS
Following the PRISMA guidelines, the electronic databases EBSCOhost Research Platform, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science and The Virtual Health Library were searched for randomized experimental studies published between 2012 and 2022 that implemented programmes addressing informal caregivers' needs to improve their experiences, health, and well-being. Quality was assessed using the standardized critical evaluation tools from the Joanna Briggs Institute. Two independent investigators performed the eligibility assessment and data extraction. Quantitative data on the effectiveness of interventions were collected, and the content of each intervention was synthesized and aggregated into categories, through narrative synthesis.
RESULTS
The majority of the included studies (n = 16) were conducted in European countries and implemented a structured intervention programme compared to the provision of usual care. The studies were of fair to high methodological quality, with a higher risk of bias related to blinding. The results supported the achievement of favourable health outcomes among informal caregivers, namely improvements in mental health (n = 3) and quality of life (n = 3) and a decrease in psychological symptomatology (n = 5) and burden (n = 3). None of the interventions reported adverse outcomes; however, five studies did not describe significant differences in the outcomes assessed after the implementation of the programmes. Interventions focusing on training and educating caregivers (n = 14) and cognitive-behavioural strategies (n = 7) were the most common, while programmes focusing on emotional and psychological support as a resource to improve caregivers' psychological outcomes were scarce.
CONCLUSIONS
This systematic review adds to the growing body of evidence and insight showing that programmes that address informal caregivers' needs seem to contribute to better physical and psychological health outcomes through the promotion of caregivers' educational support and the implementation of cognitive-behavioural strategies. Future research should implement methodologically robust cross-country programmes tailored to informal caregivers' physical, emotional, psychosocial, societal, and educational needs throughout the care trajectory.
PubMed: 38920427
DOI: 10.3390/geriatrics9030071 -
Frontiers in Neuroscience 2024Hippocampal neurogenesis is critical for improving learning, memory, and spatial navigation. Inhabiting and navigating spatial complexity is key to stimulating adult...
Environmental enrichment: a systematic review on the effect of a changing spatial complexity on hippocampal neurogenesis and plasticity in rodents, with considerations for translation to urban and built environments for humans.
INTRODUCTION
Hippocampal neurogenesis is critical for improving learning, memory, and spatial navigation. Inhabiting and navigating spatial complexity is key to stimulating adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) in rodents because they share similar hippocampal neuroplasticity characteristics with humans. AHN in humans has recently been found to persist until the tenth decade of life, but it declines with aging and is influenced by environmental enrichment. This systematic review investigated the impact of spatial complexity on neurogenesis and hippocampal plasticity in rodents, and discussed the translatability of these findings to human interventions.
METHODS
Comprehensive searches were conducted on three databases in English: PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus. All literature published until December 2023 was screened and assessed for eligibility. A total of 32 studies with original data were included, and the process is reported in accordance with the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) statement and checklist.
RESULTS
The studies evaluated various models of spatial complexity in rodents, including environmental enrichment, changes to in-cage elements, complex layouts, and navigational mazes featuring novelty and intermittent complexity. A regression equation was formulated to synthesize key factors influencing neurogenesis, such as duration, physical activity, frequency of changes, diversity of complexity, age, living space size, and temperature.
CONCLUSION
Findings underscore the cognitive benefits of spatial complexity interventions and inform future translational research from rodents to humans. Home-cage enrichment and models like the Hamlet complex maze and the Marlau cage offer insight into how architectural design and urban navigational complexity can impact neurogenesis in humans. In-space changing complexity, with and without physical activity, is effective for stimulating neurogenesis. While evidence on intermittent spatial complexity in humans is limited, data from the COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns provide preliminary evidence. Existing equations relating rodent and human ages may allow for the translation of enrichment protocol durations from rodents to humans.
PubMed: 38919908
DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1368411 -
The Journal of Nutrition, Health & Aging Jun 2024Anorexia of aging (AoA) is a prevalent geriatric syndrome characterized by a multifactorial decline in appetite and reduced food intake associated with the aging... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Anorexia of aging (AoA) is a prevalent geriatric syndrome characterized by a multifactorial decline in appetite and reduced food intake associated with the aging process. This systematic review aims to investigate the use and outcomes of cannabinoids in addressing AoA, with the goal of providing a comprehensive understanding and discussing their potential integration into daily clinical practice.
METHODS
A thorough search of databases (Embase Ovid, Scopus, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science) identified 6100 studies. After eliminating duplicates and screening titles and abstracts, 25 studies underwent full appraisal. Two reviewers assessed inclusion suitability, and study methodologies were evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for observational studies and the modified Jadad Scoring Scale for randomized controlled trials. Ultimately, six studies published between 2002 and 2019, involving 869 participants, were included in the review.
RESULTS
Out of the 6 fin. l papers selected, 5 were randomized trials, and 1 was a prospective study. Megestrol acetate (800 mg/d) proved to be more effective than dronabinol 2.5 mg twice a day in increasing appetite. Nabilone (at a dosage of 0.5 mg per day) did not show superiority over placebo in alleviating symptoms such as pain, nausea, loss of appetite, and weight. However, with a double dosage followed by 1.0 mg/6 weeks, after eight weeks of treatment, patients recorded a significant increase in calorie intake and carbohydrate consumption compared to the placebo group, with some patients also experiencing substantial weight gain. Regarding delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), a weight increase of ≥10% was observed in 17.6% of patients with doses of 5 mg or 10 mg capsules daily, without significant side effects. Additionally, patients treated with THC 2.5 mg reported improved chemosensory perception and increased appetite before meals compared to placebo. No significant side effects were reported in older adults taking cannabinoids.
CONCLUSIONS
Cannabinoids offer promise in enhancing the quality of life for older individuals with active neoplastic disease. However, to establish comprehensive guidelines, further research with larger sample sizes is essential. Only through this approach can we fully grasp the potential and application of cannabinoids in addressing the nutritional concerns associated with neoplastic diseases.
PubMed: 38917597
DOI: 10.1016/j.jnha.2024.100299 -
Nutrition Reviews Jun 2024Oral health and food oral-processing issues emerge with functional decline in the older adult population, potentially increasing the risk of malnutrition. Impairment of...
CONTEXT
Oral health and food oral-processing issues emerge with functional decline in the older adult population, potentially increasing the risk of malnutrition. Impairment of oral health is associated with poorer nutrition status; however, the relationship between oral factors and the intake of each nutrient remains poorly understood.
OBJECTIVE
The associations between different oral factors and nutrient intakes among community-dwelling older adults were investigated.
DATA SOURCES
A literature search from 5 databases (Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Ovid [MEDLINE and Embase], and CINAHL) was completed on February 1, 2022. The search was limited to peer-reviewed articles published between the years 2012 and 2022.
DATA EXTRACTION
Six cross-sectional studies were included in the meta-analysis. Two authors independently completed the data extraction and summarized the study characteristics, factors adjusted for in the statistical analysis, the outcome, and summary statistics of the results.
DATA ANALYSIS
Meta-analyses showed evidence of a significant association between compromised oral factors (namely, denture status, chewing ability, and the number of teeth) with lower energy (weighted mean difference [WMD], -107 kcal d-1 (95% CI, -132 to -81), protein (WMD, -5.2 g d-1; 95% CI, -6.6 to -3.8), fat (WMD, -4.6 g d-1; 95% CI, -6.7 to -2.6), carbohydrate (WMD, -8.8 g d-1; 95% CI, -13.9 to -3.7), and vitamin C intakes (WMD, -12.9 mg d-1; 95% CI, -16.6 to -9.2) in older adults.
CONCLUSION
Oral health can be an indicator of compromised daily energy, protein, fat, carbohydrate, and vitamin C intakes in older adults. However, the small sample size of the studies included in this review and the heterogeneity among macronutrient studies should be considered. Because of the lack of studies covering all aspects of food oral processing (eg, salivary flow rate, tongue pressure), the associations between oral processing and nutrient intake were not thoroughly explored.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
PROSPERO registration no. CRD42022308823.
PubMed: 38916939
DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuae080 -
JBI Evidence Synthesis Jun 2024The objective of this review was to evaluate the effectiveness of physical rehabilitation versus non-rehabilitation comparators on physical functioning and quality of...
OBJECTIVE
The objective of this review was to evaluate the effectiveness of physical rehabilitation versus non-rehabilitation comparators on physical functioning and quality of life for long-term care (LTC) residents with dementia.
INTRODUCTION
LTC residents living with dementia often have impaired physical functioning and quality of life. Physical rehabilitation can improve physical functioning and quality of life for individuals living with dementia; however, many LTC residents with dementia do not receive physical rehabilitation and providers are unsure what interventions to employ. A synthesis of studies examining physical rehabilitation will help guide practice in the LTC sector where most residents live with dementia. Previous syntheses have focused on all residents in LTC, specific professions, interventions, or people with dementia in the community. Our review focuses on LTC residents with dementia and a broader definition of physical rehabilitation.
INCLUSION CRITERIA
This review includes studies that evaluate physical rehabilitation in comparison with non-rehabilitation controls among LTC residents with any severity of dementia. We included studies that measure the effect on activities of daily living, performance-based physical functioning, and self- or proxy-rated quality of life.
METHODS
Searches were conducted in APA PsycINFO (EBSCOhost), CINAHL (EBSCOhost), PubMed (National Library of Medicine), Embase, Scopus, and the Cochrane CENTRAL database with no date or language limitations. Two independent reviews assessed the studies against the inclusion criteria. Two independent reviewers extracted data and conducted a quality assessment using a structured extraction form. Certainty of evidence was ascertained using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Where possible, studies were pooled in meta-analyses; otherwise, a narrative synthesis was performed.
RESULTS
Thirty-three studies were included (n = 3072 participants); 27 were randomized control trials and the remaining 6 were non-randomized trials. The overall risk of bias of the included studies was low to unclear. Many of the included studies focused on increasing activity or walking, while few were individually tailored or at an intensity appropriate to induce therapeutic effects on physical function. Physical function was also measured via several outcome measures, limiting our ability to pool results. There was low certainty evidence that physical rehabilitation improved activities of daily living (12 RCTs, 1348 participants, SMD 0.78; 95% CI 0.27 to 1.30) and the Short Physical Performance Battery Score (3 RCTs, 258 participants, MD 3.01 points; 95% CI 1.37 to 4.66) compared with non-rehabilitation interventions. There was low to moderate certainty evidence that physical rehabilitation demonstrated no change in the 30-Second Sit to Stand Test (2 RCTs, 293 participants, MD 0.79 repetitions; 95% CI -0.45 to 2.03), 6-Minute Walk Test (4 RCTs, 363 participants, MD 17.32 meters; 95% CI -29.41 to 64.05), gait speed (4 RCTs, 400 participants, MD 0.10 meters/seconds; 95% CI -0.02 to 0.22), Timed Up and Go Test (3 studies, 275 participants, MD -2.89 seconds; 95% CI -6.62 to 0.84), or quality of life (4 RCTs, 419 participants, SMD 0.20; 95% CI -0.08 to 0.47).
CONCLUSIONS
This review demonstrates that physical rehabilitation may improve activities of daily living for LTC residents living with dementia, though the evidence is of low certainty. The effect of physical rehabilitation on specific functional tasks, like gait speed and quality of life, are less clear. Future research should examine the effects of individualized, progressive interventions on outcome measures that reflect the capacity and preferences of LTC residents with more advanced dementia.
REVIEW REGISTRATION
PROSPERO CRD42022308444.
PubMed: 38915237
DOI: 10.11124/JBIES-23-00431 -
European Review of Aging and Physical... Jun 2024Hearing impairments are a rising burden in our aging society. Hearing loss is associated with reduced cognitive performance as well as decrements in balance and gait.... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Hearing impairments are a rising burden in our aging society. Hearing loss is associated with reduced cognitive performance as well as decrements in balance and gait. Therefore, impaired hearing affects also dual tasking (DT). The aim of this review is to summarize the evidence for DT performance decrements of older adults with hearing impairments during maintaining balance or walking.
METHODS
The systematic literature research according to PRISMA guidelines was conducted using MEDLINE, APA Psych-Info, and Web of Science. Inclusion criteria were: Independent living older people ≥ 60 years with hearing impairments, use of a DT paradigm to test hearing impaired older adults within a balance or walking condition.
RESULTS
N = 57 studies were found within the databases. Eight studies were included (N = 456 participants (58% women), including n = 200 older hearing-impaired persons with different levels of hearing loss). Most of the included studies oriented their inclusion criteria for hearing-impairments at thresholds for mild hearing loss with Pure Tone Average (0.5-4 kHz) ≥ 25 and < 40 dB. Three of the studies focused on DT balance performance and five used DT walking comparing participants with and without hearing loss. For DT balance and gait performance, higher decrements for the hearing-impaired group were observed compared to healthy older adults. Performance decrements were accompanied by reduced compensatory strategies in balance performance.
CONCLUSION
More pronounced decrements in DT performance were observed for participants with hearing impairments compared to those without. This implies that hearing-impaired older adults might need specific interventions to reduce the cognitive-motor interference (CMI) to maintain balance control or walking stability in daily situations that require managing of cognitive and motor tasks simultaneously. However, taking all results into account the underlying mechanisms of CMI for this target group needs to be further examined.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
This review was registered at Prospero with the ID CRD42022340232.
PubMed: 38914940
DOI: 10.1186/s11556-024-00350-x -
Ageing Research Reviews Jun 2024Caffeine is one of the most consumed psychoactive substances globally. Caffeine-gene interactions in Parkinson's disease (PD) has not been systematically examined. (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Caffeine is one of the most consumed psychoactive substances globally. Caffeine-gene interactions in Parkinson's disease (PD) has not been systematically examined.
OBJECTIVES
To conduct a systematic review on the interaction between caffeine consumption and genetic susceptibility to PD.
METHODOLOGY
We conducted PubMed and Embase search using terms "Genetic association studies", "Caffeine", "polymorphism" and "Parkinson's disease", from inception till 2023. Of the initial 2391 studies, 21 case control studies were included. The demographics, genetic and clinical data were extracted and analyzed.
RESULTS
We identified 21 studies which involved a total of 607,074 study subjects and 17 gene loci (SNCA, MAPT, HLA-DRA, NOS1, NOS3, GBA, ApoE, BST1, ESR2, NAT2, SLC2A13, LRRK2, NOS2A, GRIN2A, CYP1A2, ESR1, ADORA2A) have been investigated for the effect of gene-caffeine interaction and PD risk. The genes were identified through PD GWAS or involved in caffeine or related metabolism pathways. Based on the genetic association and interaction studies, only MAPT, SLC2A13, LRRK2, ApoE, NOS2A, GRIN2A, CYP1A2, and ADORA2A have been shown by at least one study to have a positive caffeine-gene interaction influencing the risk of PD.
CONCLUSION
Studies have shown an interaction between caffeine with genetic variants of MAPT, SLC2A13, LRRK2, ApoE, NOS2A, GRIN2A, CYP1A2, and ADORA2A in modulating the risk of PD. Due to the potential limitations of these discovery/pilot studies, further independent replication studies are needed. Better designed genetic association studies in multi-ancestry and admixed cohorts to identify potential shared or unique multivariate gene-environmental interactions, as well as functional studies of gene-caffeine interactions will be useful.
PubMed: 38914264
DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102381